SU721125A1

SU721125A1 - Centrifuge for separating suspensions

Info

Publication number: SU721125A1
Application number: SU772536581A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Валерий Григорьевич Жуков
Original assignee: Московский технологический институт мясной и молочной промышленности
Priority date: 1977-10-24
Filing date: 1977-10-24
Publication date: 1980-03-15

Description

Изобретение относится к. технике центробежного разделения суспензий и может быть применено в мясной промышленности, преимущественно для обезжиривания шквары, а также в других отраслях народного хозяйства.The invention relates to centrifugal separation of suspensions and can be used in the meat industry, mainly for degreasing shkvara, as well as in other sectors of the national economy.

Известна центрифуга для разделения .суспензий, преимущественно, для обезжиривания шквары, содержащая кожух со сборниками разделенных фаз, размещенный в кожухе барабан с донными выгрузочными окнами, питающее устройство, устройство для распределения поступающей суспензии внутри барабана, включающее ,ук— . репленный на валу конический барабан с фильтрующими перегородками, днище, составленное из отдельных секторных элементов, кожух со сборниками разделенных фаз и привод (1J.A centrifuge is known for separating suspensions, mainly for degreasing pulp, containing a casing with collectors of separated phases, a drum placed in the casing with bottom discharge windows, a feeding device, and a device for distributing the incoming suspension inside the drum, including, -. conical drum, mounted on a shaft, with filtering partitions, a bottom made up of individual sector elements, a casing with collectors of separated phases and a drive (1J.

Исходная шквара через питающее уст— ройство вращаемого барг.бана попадает в устройство для ее распределения внутри барабана и разделяется фильтрованием и осаждением. Жир из барабана попадает в сборник жидкой фазы .кожуха. Устройство, для распределения поступающей суспензии имеет медленное вращение относительно барабана. Вследствие этого происходит последовательное открывание секторных элементов днища в моменты их совмещения с доншями выгрузочными Окнами с выбросом обезжиренной шквары в сборник твердой фазы кожуха.The initial squash, through the feed device of the rotated barg. Ban, enters the device for its distribution inside the drum and is separated by filtration and sedimentation. The fat from the drum enters the liquid phase collector. A device for distributing the incoming suspension has a slow rotation relative to the drum. As a result of this, the sectorial elements of the bottom are sequentially opened at the moments of their combination with the bottoms by unloading Windows with the release of fat-free pulp into the casing solid phase collector.

Недостатками такой центрифуги являются невысокая скорость процесса разделения, особенно при малой проницаемости слоя шквары, нарастающего на фильтрующих поверхностях, сложность конструкции, а также попадание в шквару части уже отфугованного жира в момент выгрузки обезжиренной шквары.The disadvantages of such a centrifuge are the low speed of the separation process, especially with low permeability of the squash layer growing on the filtering surfaces, the complexity of the design, as well as the ingress of part of the fat that has already been fattened into the squash at the time of unloading of non-fat greaves.

Известна также центрифуга для разделения суспензий, преимущественно для обезжиривания шквары, содержащая кожух со сборниками разделенных фаз, размещенный в кожухе барабан с боковыми выгрузочными окнами, питающее устройство, устройство для распределения поступающейAlso known is a centrifuge for separating suspensions, mainly for degreasing pulp, containing a casing with collectors of separated phases, a drum placed in the casing with side discharge windows, a feeding device, a device for distributing incoming

21125 суспензии внутри барабана, включающее укрепленный на валу дополнительный барабан с боковыми стенками в виде шарнирно укрепленных створок с перегородками, и привод (2).21125 suspension inside the drum, including an additional drum mounted on the shaft with side walls in the form of articulated shutters with partitions, and a drive (2).

Центрифуга работает аналогично описанной выше, но выгрузка обезжиренной шквары происходит через боковые выгрузочные окна в момент совмещения с ними створок, открываемых центробежными силами.The centrifuge works similarly to the one described above, but the fat-free pulp is unloaded through the side discharge windows at the moment when the shutters opened by centrifugal forces are combined with them.

Эта центрифуга является наиболее близкой к изобретению по технической сущности и достигнутому результату.This centrifuge is the closest to the invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result.

Недостатками центрифуги являются малая скорость процесса разделениявследствие нарастания на фильтрующих поверхностях неподвижного слоя осаждающейся шквары и недостаточная надёжность работы вследствие возможности попадания осадка в щели между створками.The disadvantages of the centrifuge are the low speed of the separation process due to the increase in the filtering surfaces of the fixed layer of the deposited pulp and the lack of reliability due to the possibility of sediment falling into the cracks between the valves.

Целью изобретенияявляетсяускорение процесса разделения и повышение надежности центрифуги в работе.The aim of the invention is to accelerate the separation process and increase the reliability of the centrifuge in operation.

Цель достигается тем, что.в предлагаемой центрифуге перегородки смонтированы на валу подвижно»The goal is achieved by the fact that. In the proposed centrifuge, the partitions are mounted on the shaft movably "

Кроме того, перегородки могут быть выполнены криволинейными.In addition, the partitions can be made curved.

На фиг. 1 изображена описываемая центрифуга разрез А-А на фиг. 2; на фиг. 2 - разрез Б-Б на фиг. 1 барабана с прямолинейными лопастями^ аа фиг. 3 — разрез Б—Б барабана с криволинейными лопастями.In FIG. 1 shows the described centrifuge section AA in FIG. 2; in FIG. 2 - section BB in FIG. 1 drum with straight blades ^ aa of FIG. 3 - section B — B of the drum with curved blades.

Центрифуга содержит барабан 1, питающее устройство 2, устройство 3 для распределения внутри барабана поступаю^ щей суспензии, привод (на чертеже не показан) и кожух 4.The centrifuge contains a drum 1, a feeding device 2, a device 3 for distributing the incoming suspension inside the drum, a drive (not shown in the drawing) and a casing 4.

Барабан 1 имеет выгрузочные окна 5, фильтрующую поверхность 6 и окна 7 перелива и размещен в кожухе 4, имеющем сборники 8 и 9 разделенных фаз и камеру 10 для отвода избытка центрифугируемой суспензии.The drum 1 has discharge windows 5, a filter surface 6 and overflow windows 7 and is housed in a casing 4 having collectors 8 and 9 of separated phases and a chamber 10 for draining excess centrifuged suspension.

Питающее устройство 2 имеет окна 11, число которых соответствует числу выгрузочных окон 5,The feed device 2 has windows 11, the number of which corresponds to the number of discharge windows 5,

Устройство 3 для распределения поступающей суспензии выполнено в виде вала 12 и перегородок 13, смонтированных на этом валу подвижно. Подвижность перегородок 13 на валу 12 обеспечена их установкой в направляющих 14 (фиг. 2) по свободной посадке либо на поворотных шарнирах 15 (фиг. 3). Перегородки 13, равномерно поджимаемые к барабану центробежными силами, делят внутренний объем барабана 1 на секции 16, число которых может быть , задано. Для ускорения процесса поверхность пере— 5 городок 13 с двух сторон делают фильтрующей. С целью уменьшения износа барабана 1 окна '5 снабжают окантовочными планками 17, а перегородки 13 или только их кромку выполняют из материала 10 более Мягкого, чем материал барабана 1.The device 3 for distributing the incoming suspension is made in the form of a shaft 12 and partitions 13 mounted on this shaft movably. The mobility of the partitions 13 on the shaft 12 is ensured by their installation in the guides 14 (Fig. 2) for free landing or on the swivel joints 15 (Fig. 3). Partitions 13, evenly pressed to the drum by centrifugal forces, divide the internal volume of the drum 1 into sections 16, the number of which can be specified. To accelerate the process, the surface of cross-5 town 13 is made filtering on both sides. In order to reduce the wear of the drum 1, the windows' 5 are provided with edging strips 17, and the partitions 13 or only their edge is made of material 10 that is softer than the material of the drum 1.

Привод центрифуги обеспечивает вращение барабана с угловой скоростью tOj, и вращение устройства 3 с угловой скоростью tx>_ii т. е. создает задаваемое от— ¹⁵ носительное вращение элементов 1 и 3. Однако вследствие малой разницы и изнашивание трущихся поверхностей неве-. лико.The centrifuge drive ensures rotation of the drum with an angular velocity tOj, and rotation of the device 3 with an angular velocity tx> _ii, that is, it creates a relative rotation of elements 1 and 3 specified by ^–15 . However, due to the small difference, the friction surfaces wear out slightly. face.

Центрифуга работает следующим обра²⁰ зом. ,Centrifuge ²⁰ operates in the following Obra Zom. ,

Исходная суспензия непрерывно поступает во вращаемый барабан 1 через его питающее устройство 2 с окнами 11. Центробежные силы инерции отбрасывают суспензию в те из секций барабана 1, которые в данный момент расположены у окон 11. Излишнее количество суспензии выходит из барабана 1 через окна 7 и попадает в камеру 10 кожуха' 4.The initial suspension continuously enters the rotary drum 1 through its feeding device 2 with windows 11. Centrifugal inertia forces discard the suspension into those sections of the drum 1 that are currently located at the windows 11. An excess amount of the suspension leaves the drum 1 through the windows 7 and enters into the chamber 10 of the casing '4.

В результате относительного вращения перегородки 13 непрерывно передвигают по барабану 1 осадок, деформируя и перемешивая его, а также очищают фильтрующую поверхность 6 от малопроницаемого слоя осадка. Таким образом, разделение' суспензии происходит за счет двух одновременно протекающих процессов: фильтрования через непрерывно очищаемую поверхность 6 й осаждения с постоянным отводом жидкой фазы через ту же поверхностьAs a result of the relative rotation of the partition 13, the precipitate is continuously moved along the drum 1, deforming and stirring it, and also the filtering surface 6 is cleaned of an impermeable sediment layer. Thus, the separation of the suspension occurs due to two simultaneously occurring processes: filtering through a continuously cleaned surface of the 6th deposition with a constant removal of the liquid phase through the same surface

6. Жидкая фаза поступает к поверхности 6 также из-под фильтрующей поверхности перегородок 13. Выходя из барабана 1, жидкая фаза попадает в сборник 8.6. The liquid phase enters the surface 6 also from under the filtering surface of the partitions 13. Leaving the drum 1, the liquid phase enters the collector 8.

Относительную скорость вращения элементов 1 и 3 задают такой, чтобы в момент соединения секции 16 с окном 5 . осадок имел необходимую конечную влаж— ность. Выбрасываемый из окон 5 осадок попадает в сборник 9.The relative speed of rotation of the elements 1 and 3 is set such that at the time of connection of section 16 with the window 5. the precipitate had the necessary final moisture. The sediment discharged from the windows 5 falls into the collection 9.

Подвижность перегородок обеспечивает повышение надежности работы центрифуги, поскольку это предотвращает заклини₅$ ‘вание перегородок в барабане. Также перегородки упрощают конструкцию центрифуги и вместе с тем создают широкие возможности конструктивных решений; выполнение перегородок параллельными и наклон— ними к оси барабана, их поверхностей плоскими и криволинейными, фильтрующими и сплошными; выполнение барабанов цилиндрическими и коническими с боковыми и донными отверстиями выгрузки. В. 5 центрифуге обеспечена эффективнаяПринудительная очистка барабана от осадка; отсутствуют застойные зоны; одновременное действие эффектов фильтрования и осаждения усилено принудительным и постоянным ¹⁰очищением фильтрующей поверхности и развитой поверхностью отвода жидкой фазы. При этом отрицательные эффекты истирания трением снижены за счет уменьшения поверхностей трения и относительных <5 скоростей.The mobility of the partitions provides an increase in the reliability of the centrifuge, since this prevents jamming _of $ ₅ 'partitions in the drum. Partitions also simplify the design of the centrifuge and at the same time create ample opportunities for structural solutions; the execution of the partitions parallel and inclined to them to the axis of the drum, their surfaces flat and curved, filtering and solid; the drums are cylindrical and conical with side and bottom discharge openings. B. 5 centrifuge provided effective forced cleaning of the drum from sediment; there are no stagnant zones; the simultaneous action of filtering and precipitation effects is enhanced by the forced and constant ¹⁰ cleaning of the filter surface and the developed surface of the liquid phase. In this case, the negative effects of abrasion by friction are reduced due to a decrease in the friction surfaces and relative <5 speeds.

Claims

The invention relates to a technique for the centrifugal separation of suspensions and can be applied in the meat industry, mainly for degreasing squam, as well as in other sectors of the national economy. A known centrifuge for separating suspensions, preferably for degreasing squash, containing a housing with collectors of separated phases, a drum placed in the housing with bottom discharge ports, a feeding device, a device for dispersing the incoming suspension inside the drum, including a conical drum mounted on the shaft with filtering non-spans , bottom, made up of individual sector elements, a casing with collections of separate phases and a flj drive. The initial squigre through the feeding device of the rotating drum enters the device for its expansion inside the drum and is separated by filtering and sedimentation. W p from ba) Abana falls into the collection of the liquid phase, the casing. The device for distributing the post-suspension slurry has a slow erashenis with respect to the drum. As a result, the bottom-by-segment opening of the segmental elements of the bottom occurs at the moments of their combination with the billet: discharge windows with the release of degreased squash into the collection of the solid phase of the casing. The disadvantages of such a centrifuge are the low speed of the separation process, especially with a low permeability of the squash layer, which grows on the filter surfaces, the design complexity, as well as the ingress of a part of already otfugovannogo fat at the time of unloading the squash. A centrifuge is also known for the eradication of suspensions, advantageously for degreasing squam, containing a casing with collectors divided into 1 з s, marked. a drum with side sleeves with power windows, a power supply device, a device for distributing pulp slurry inside the drum, including an additional bar fixed on the shaft, a bar with side walls in the form of hinged fortified flaps with partitions, and a G 2 drive. described above, but the unloading of fat-free squash occurs through the side discharge windows at the time of the sashes connected with it, opened by centrifugal pumps. This centrifuge is closest to the invention in its technical essence and the achieved result. The drawbacks of the centrifuge are the low rate of the decomposition process due to the growth of a stationary layer of deposited SC on the filtering surfaces: vary and insufficient reliability of operation due to the possibility of sediment entering the gaps between the doors. The purpose of the invention is the acceleration of the separation process and the increase in the centrifuge downturn in operation. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed centrifuge partitions are mounted on the shaft movably. In addition, partitions can be made curvilinear. FIG. 1 depicts the described centrifuge section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 2 shows a section BB in FIG. 1 drum with straight blades and figs; 3 - section Bb of the drum with 1-linear blades. The centrifuge contains a drum 1, a feeding device 2, a device 3 for distributing the incoming suspension inside the drum, an actuator (not shown) and a casing. 4. The drum 1 discharge window 5, the filter surface 6 and the overflow window 7 and is located in the casing 4, I have -. The collector 8 and 9 are separated phases and the chamber 10 for removal of excess centrifuged suspension. The power supply device 2 has windows 11, the number of which corresponds to the number of discharge windows 5, a device 3 for distributing the incoming slurry 1 made 6 in the form of a shaft 12 and partitions 13 mounted movably on this shaft. The mobility of the partitions 13 on the shaft 12 is ensured by their installation in the guides 14 (Fig. 2) for a free fit or on turning joints 15, (Fig. H). Before 1x 13, uniformly pressed to the Arabian by centrifugal forces, the internal volume of the drum 1 is divided into sections 16, the number of which can be set. To accelerate the process, the surface of the septum 13 is made filtering on both sides. In order to reduce wear, the barran 1 5 is provided with fringing strips 17, and the partitions 13 or only their bag are made of more soft material than the material of the drum 1. A centrifuge drive ensures the rotation of the drum with an angle the speed ujj, and the rotation of the device 3 with the angular cortex cOj, i.e., the specified relative rotation of elements 1 and 3 creates. However, due to the small difference tO, and the wear of the rubbing surfaces is small. face. The centrifuge works as follows. The initial suspension continuously enters the rotating drum 1 through its feeding device 2 with the oraiaMK 11. The centrifugal inertia forces throw the suspension into those of the drum sections) 1 which are currently located at the windows 11. The excess amount of suspension leaves the drum 1 through the windows 7 and enters the chamber 10 of the housing4. As a result of the relative rotation of the septum 13, the sediment is continuously moved along the drum 1, deformed and mixed, and the filtering surface 6 is also cleaned from the thin layer of sediment. Thus, the separation of the suspension occurs due to two simultaneously occurring processes: filtering through continuously cleaned permeability 6 and deposition with a constant withdrawal of the liquid phase through the same surface 6. The liquid phase goes to the surface 6 also under the filtering surface of the partitions 13 Exit from drum 1, the liquid phase enters collection 8. The relative rotational speed of elements 1 and 3 is set so that at the moment of joining section 16c with window 5 the sediment has the necessary final depression. The precipitate ejected from the windows 5 falls into the collection 9. The mobility of the partitions provides an increase in the reliability of the centrifuge operation, since this prevents the perehchroism in the drum from seizing. The partitions also simplify the design with a centrifuge and at the same time create wide possibilities for constructive solutions; fulfilled. the partition walls are parallel and inclined to the axis of the drum, their surfaces are flat and Curvilinear, filtering and solid; making cylindrical and conical drums with side and bottom unloadings. Century centrifuge ensured effective cleaning of the drum from sediment; no stagnant zones; the simultaneous action of the filtering and precipitating effects is forced by the forced and constant cleansing of the filtering surface and the & twisted surface drainage of the liquid phase. At the same time, the negative effects of abrasion by friction are reduced due to the reduction of friction surfaces and relative speeds. Claims 1. Centrifuge for separating suspensions, mainly for degreasing the scraper, containing a casing with collectors of separated phases, a drum placed in the casing with discharge ports, a feeding device, a device for distributing the incoming suspension inside the drum, including a shaft and partitions, and a drive so that, in order to speed up the separation process and increase operational reliability, partitions are movably mounted on the shaft. 2o The centrifuge according to claim 1, wherein the partitions are curved. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 5P6436, cl. B 04 B 7/08, 1974.

2. Avtfskoe certificate of the USSR No. 546377, cl. B 04 B 7/08, 1975.

721125

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