SU721022A1 - Soil working method - Google Patents

Description

I

The invention relates to the field of farming and can be used in primary tillage to create on the surface plowed poly mulch from crop residues and ground weed vegetation.

A bottomless processing method is known, in which sterns and crop residues are preserved on the soil surface, protecting the soil from the direct damaging effects of rain and wind and contributing to the accumulation and preservation of moisture in it 1.

The disadvantage of this method is the absence of wrapping the reservoir and movement in the vertical direction of the soil layers or horizons; the necessary ratio between the volumes of the solid part of the capillary and non-capillary gaps is not created in the soil. In addition, non-invasive treatment contributes to soil contamination.

Closest to the invention, the technical solution is an overburden with a reversal of the formation, which provides movement in the vertical direction of the soil layers, creates the necessary ratio

between the volumes of the solid part of capillary and non-capillary gaps, significantly improves the structure of the arable layer of the soil and its structural condition, favorably influences the water-air and thermal regime 2.

The disadvantage of a conventional splash, a dump plow with a skimmer, is that all the vegetation residues protecting the soil from deflation and water erosion are plowed in deep, the formation is turned over and layers of arable layer turn upside down.

Burn-on residues from direct action of rain and wind quickly lose a lumpy structure from the surface. Raindrops hit the unprotected soil-soil, destroying the lumps. Muddy water, penetrating deep into the soil, clogs and destroys the water-carrying pores, as a result, surface runoff increases and along with it soil flushing increases.

The aim of the invention is to prevent the damaging effects of rain and wind.

To achieve this goal, the crop residues and the crushed mass of weeds are separated from the fine fractions of the soil of the upper 5-b-cm layer of the formation and the inverted lower part of the formation is placed.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the creation of a mulching layer of plant residues on the surface of the plowed soil, and a structural state in the topsoil layer, ensuring the necessary balance between the volumes of the solid part of capillary and non-capillary gaps.

The method is carried out as follows.

Following the harvesting of grain crops, the peeling of stubble to a depth of 6-8 cm with

{rolling with ring rollers.

After the emergence of weeds and carrion of grain crops, a secondary hulling is carried out followed by a plow with a tool consisting of an arc-bent tray connected to the plowshare and installed above the plow body. The cropped upper 5-6 centimeter layer of the soil with crop stubs and a crushed mass of unwanted vegetation moves along the tray and in the rear part consisting of a bar grate, fine fractions of the soil are separated.

(sifted through the grate to the bottom of the furrow) from the structural aggregates and plant residues, the latter are laid on the lower part of the plastics body inverted by the plow body.

Thus, in the soil layer wrapped by the plow body, the layers are displaced in the vertical direction, the structural condition of the soil is created as is the case with a conventional splash, and a mulch layer of crop residues and post-harvest vegetation is created on the surface of the plowed floor.

The proposed method of tillage with the turnover of the main part of the reservoir makes it possible to create on the surface of the plowed floor a mulch layer of crop residues. At the same time, the surface of the plowed soil is protected from the direct blows of raindrops, which destroy the structural aggregates, stir up the soil particles and silt the water conducting pores of the soil.

Soil crust formation is prevented.

Weed growth is promoted and their destruction is ensured.

 Infiltration of melt and rain waters increases, runoff and flushing and unproductive evaporation of moisture decrease, biological processes in the soil increase, which contributes to a significant increase in the soil surface.

Organic residues, laid on the surface of the plowed soil, imitate natural steppe felt protecting the soil in the virgin steppe, or bedding in the forest. At the same time, organic matter is a permanent source of mineral elements of food.

Claims (2)

1. Sobolev S.S. Soil protection from erosion. M., 1961, p. 124-125. 2. Vorobiev S. A., Agriculture. M., “Kolos, 1977, p. 261-263 (prototype).