SU696126A1 - Constraction wall block - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of walls of residential and public buildings, such as ceramic stones or bricks.

The invention can be applied in the manufacture of large wall blocks for the construction of public buildings - kindergartens, slides, schools, etc.

At present, wall blocks are made, under factory conditions, of individual ceramic stones interconnected with a cement sand solution. To ensure the necessary strength of the blocks, horizontal reinforcing meshes are laid in their body together with vertical reinforcement made in the form of lifting clamps and loops. The blocks are joined by inserting vertical rods into the joints formed by interlacing the ends of the horizontal reinforcement, which provides shear strength

connection .. In order to provide the necessary heat and sound insulation, the internal surface of the blocks is covered with a plaster layer from a solution with high heat transfer resistance l.

However, the blocks described above cannot work as being bent over large lights and openings and are characterized by high consumption of reinforcement, which is associated with an increase in cost.

More perfect are the walls of building blocks manufactured by the company (USA), which are manufactured using the special additive of polymer emulsion Soifotbond, which is introduced into the cement-sand mortar connecting separate ceramic bricks, which significantly masses the strength of the masonry under compression and stretching and allows to reduce the consumption of valves, simplify the manufacturing technology of blocks 2.

However, the inclusion of polymer additives in the cement-sand solution significantly increases the cost of construction and can be

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 : j se - H5 - - - - applied tlklko for blocks of red clay brick plastic pressing. The closest to the invention is a factory-made block containing a plurality of interconnected hollow bricks or stones, assembled on a horizontally tread-holding flat pallet having supports located at a distance from each other. In order to provide the necessary strength and improve adhesion, vertical pipes are installed between the pallet and the brickwork on the ends of the pallet between the displaced blocks. In this technical solution, the pallet has the shape of a rectangular pair (allelepiped, and its end parts are flush with the brickwork of the block. The perimeter of the block is equipped with a metal frame and supporting metal rods equipped with interlocking devices for fastening the two blocks together and to provide the necessary the strength of the joint between them. The presence of additional metal weights or interlocking devices complicates the design of the block and leads to an increase in metal consumption. Moreover, this block solution does not provide for the need to seal the horizontal joint, since precipitations and stacks on the outer surface of the block fall into the surface of the pallet, and then into the room, which degrades the strength characteristics of the block. Namely, the increase in the strength properties of the blocks and the reduction of its metal content. This goal is achieved by including in the building wall block, which is placed on the horizontal below the pool. hell, for example, of ceramic stones, interconnected with mortar, the pallet is L-shaped with inner and outer shelves of various thickness, with the outer shelf being thinner than the inner one. Such a solution makes it possible to insulate the carrier part of the pallet from the propellant with an additional outer row of ceramic stones and provides better adhesion of the ceramic stones to the inner surface of the pallet; The pallet also has cantilevered protrusions extending beyond the masonry, which overlap the seams between the transverse walls of the building and the block, and also perceive shifting shear forces. For a more economical metal consumption, it is possible that the mating of the blocks to each other is carried out by means of fittings produced at the ends of the pallets, while the reinforced protrusions are made profiled. The reinforcement of the adjacent pallets is welded on the support, after which the joint is monolithised. Thanks to the profiling of the cantilevered protrusions, the monolithic layer of concrete with the collecting tray is reliably operated, and in general, the pallets work as a solid system. In order to seal the horizontal joint at atmospheric precipitation, a longitudinal protrusion is provided on the lower surface of the outer shelf of the pallet, predominantly a trapezoid shape, which overlaps the horizontal joint. Such an embodiment of the building wall block makes it possible to optimally combine its minimum metal consumption with increased strength, as all pallet moments perceive the pallet, as well as significantly increase the length of the block. FIG. 1 shows the proposed unit, a general view; in fig. 2 - the same, longitudinal section; in fig. 3 - the same cross section; in fig. 4 — pallet interface unit. The building wall block contains ceramic stones 1, connected with a cement-sand mortar forming seams 2, and placed on mountains (a horizontal tray 3 L-shaped, having an inner 4 and an outer 5 shelves, cantilevered projections 6 and a longitudinal protrusion 7, located on the bottom surface of the pallet flush with the outer plane of the pallet wall. When mounting the unit, symmetrically arranged cantilever protrusions 6 of the pallet are mounted on the supporting wall 8 with a gap 9 in such a way that the vertical joint 10 between the longitudinal and transverse The l-shaped shape of the pallet 3 ensures the durability of the glue during its installation, transportation and operation due to the fact that the resulting forces, mainly bending, are accepted not only by the seams 2, but also by the L-shaped protrusion of the pallet payloads, has a greater height compared to the outer shelf 5, which supports a warming row of ceramic stones. Under the action of transverse shear forces, cantilever projections of a 6-liter pallet 3 are included in the work, which makes it possible to reduce the strength requirements of stones 1 and schv 2 and to use low-grade ceramic stones. For the manufacture of the block, predominantly hollow 18 - slotted ceramic stones are used, produced by the building materials industry. As a MOPJ-T pallet, 5 {concrete slabs made in the respective formwork should be used. An embodiment of the invention is possible in which the ends of cantilever protrusions are made profiled (not shown in the drawing). The presence of new elements - an L-shaped pallet with end cantilever projections that are longer than the masonry, distinguishes the proposed unit as it improves the strength properties of the bending unit, while reducing its metal consumption. Thus, the technical contradiction, which requires increasing its reinforcement to increase the strength of the blocks, is solved. vani, increase brand ceramic stone and cement her eschanogo solution. The formula of the invention is 1. A building wall block comprising a masonry of piece elements interconnected with a binder, placed on a horizontal pallet, characterized in that, in order to improve the strength of the block, to reduce metal consumption, the pallet is L-shaped; thickness, less than the internal thickness, and with end cantilever protrusions. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom shelf is made with a vertical longitudinal protrusion of a predominantly trapezoidal shape. 3. The unit according to claim 1, distinguishes the system in that the ends of the cantilever arms are profiled. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1.Ovcharov VI. The use of building structures. Technical information. The industry of ceramic tenovy materials and. Porous Aggregates Issue 6, VNIESM, Moscow, 1972. p. . 14. 2. Application of brick and ceramic panels in construction abroad. The experience of foreign construction, TsINIS,., 1972, p. 26. 3. For the UK of UK 1356987, cl. Е 1 В, layout 1974.

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