SU692941A1 - Single-bucket excavator working equipment - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to earthmoving equipment and can be applied to single-bucket excavators when digging trenches and trenches with simultaneous stripping and planning of their bottom.

The working equipment of a hydraulic single-bucket excavator is known, including a boom, a hilt, a bucket, a cutting axle, a stand, a correction cylinder, and a rod in which, in order to provide straight forward mending, the bucket edge at any angle to the horizon, the stand is hinged fixed on the axis of rotation, on which, a lever is also connected, connected to the correction cylinder, the rod of which is connected to the stand, with one end of the boom fixed at the point where the correction cylinder connects to the lever and the other on the handle {11

However, this device is not accurately planning the bottom of the trenches and pits.

It is also known to work equipment of a single-bucket excavator, which includes a dipper arm, boom, pillars, a lever pivotally mounted on the boom and a pivotally connecting lever with a handle 2.

This structure contains a four-link articulated pantograph type, the elements of which are an arrow, a bucket with a handle and two additional links: a lever, a hinge mounted on the boom, and a connecting rod connecting the end of the lever. by hand. The dimensions of the four-link units are chosen in such a way that one of the points of the lever. in the process, the work describes a trajectory that is geometrically similar to the trajectory of the cutting edge of the bucket. The lever rests on a copier mounted on the excavator platform, whose working surface reproduces, on a certain scale, the target surface of the soil being worked. The copier is coupled to the sensor, which, when the lever is pressed on the copier, register the deviations of the corresponding point of the lever, and consequently, the deviations of the cutting edge of the bucket from the specified path. A signal about these deviations is sent by the sensor to the controls of the working mechanisms of the excavator, with the help of which the movement of the bucket is corrected. Thus, a device of this type is an automaton-e-systems with feedback;

0 are usually mechanohydraulic or meyioelectrohydraulic, depending on the type of sensors and actuators of the excavator mechanisms. The disadvantages of such devices when using them in the conditions of operation of excavators include increased requirements for operation and lack of reliability. The use of such devices without automation elements as mechanical systems, transferring the weight of equipment through the gear to the copier, is almost not feasible due to the fact that the copier in this case acquires very large dimensions and cannot be placed in free zone between the boom and excavator equipment. The aim of the invention is to simplify the operation of the working equipment when planning soil surfaces and to increase its reliability. For this, the lever is connected to the lower end by means of a flexible link with a bracket mounted on an excavator rack made of two interconnected articulated links, one of which is made telescopic and equipped with a sliding mechanism, and a ha connecting lever mounted on the arrow with a handle pivotally attached to the latter by means of an inter-. an exact link that is pivotally connected with an anchor fixed on the handle. FIG. 1 shows the attached working equipment; general view; in fig. 2 - arrow and handle with structural elements; in fig. 3 - stand with structural elements; in fig. 4 telescopic link and mechanism of movement. The working equipment of the single-bucket excavator includes a bucket 1 with a hand 2, equipped with an additional articulated link-3 and an emphasis 4; boom 5, mounted on a rotary platform b of an excavator and connected by a front end with a handle; lever 7 mounted on the boom with the possibility of rotation in the vertical plane and connected to the arm by means of, pull 8 and additional link 3; stop 9, mounted on the boom and limiting the angle of rotation of the lever 7; rack 10 mounted on a turntable b; a bracket mounted on the rack, which consists of two links of the lever C and the telecopic Link 12 pivotally interconnected; the mechanism of extension of the telescopic link 13 in the form of a rope tackle (hydraulic cylinder) depending on the drive of the excavator; a flexible link 14 connecting the lower end of the lever 7 to the lever 11 of the rack bracket; a traction polypast, made of rope 15 and Bloov 16 on a bucket and 17 on an arrow; a lifting hoist, consisting of a hoisting rope 18, blocks 19 on the handle and 20 on the stand; tackle stand consisting of a rope 21, locks 22 on a rack, and blocks 23 and 24 on a two-leg rack 25. A telescopic link 12 consists of lower rods 26 installed in a rack hinge and equipped with collars 27 with blocks 28, 29/30 , 31 and 32, and the upper sliding rods 33, equipped with holders 34 with blocks 35, 36, 37 and 38. Each top of the scientific research institute is connected to its front end by means of hinges with a lever 11.. The lower and upper rods wrap each other around their holders and form translational pairs. Rope mechanism 13 vsvvizh Neither the telescopic links present the fault mounted on the elements of the rack 10, the motor 39, the gearbox 40 and the rope drum 41 on which the rope 42 is fixed. The rope 42 comes off the drum and sequentially bends the blocks 29, 35, 30, 36, 28, the guide blocks 43, and 44, mounted on the rack 10, then the blocks 32, 38, 31, 37 and fixed with its end on one of the sleeves 27. The hinge link 3 is attached to the anvil 4 fixedly mounted on the handle and can be rotated in a vertical plane. Link 3 is a opera by a Jew with an upside of 4; see Fig. 1) and is held in this position by the action of the stretching y, eili 3 tons of 8, which is attached by its front end to the free end of link 3, as well as by the action of the auxiliary spring -5, connecting link 3 and stop 4. During the transition of the gigabyte 8 in the process of turning the handle through such a position, when the thrust ha 8 and the hinge link 3 are located on ONE straight line, which occurs at the end of the bucket’s planning stroke, the link 3 turns and moves away from the stop, as shown in FIG. 2. When the handle is turned forward to its original position, the spring 45 helps to keep the link 3 in the position brought to the stop. SRI. Rack 10 its lower end pivotally attached to the platform of the excavator 6, as shown nafig; 3. The upper end 10 is connected to the two-legged rack 25 of the excavator, torus by means of a rope 21 and blocks 22, 24 (Fig. 1). Telescopic link 12 and the lever 11 are connected to the pivotally hinged, with the help of special pro-ears 46, mounted on the elements of the rack. The front ends of the elements 12, and 11 are pivotally connected to each other.

5 Works excavator with the proposed equipment as follows. After installation of the excavator at the workplace, before the development of the element of the bottom is commenced, the equipment is adjusted: the angle of Tilt of the stand 10 is checked and adjusted with a cable 21; bucket 1 is installed at a predetermined elevation, supported by its cutting TRIM on the section of the trench bottom planned from the previous excavator installation, or in developing the pioneer element for a specially planned, with geodetic check, surface at a predetermined elevation; the flexible link 14 is tensioned and stopped in the tensioned position by means of the extension mechanism 13 of the telescopic link 12. After adjustment, the usual soil digging is carried out, with a shortage of 10-15 cm to the design bottom level. At that, the flexible link 14 sags , and the lever 7 and t ha 8 are idling. Then - the trench bottom is cleaned and the bucket 1 is planned to be lowered onto the elevator surface planned from the previous installation, the bottom surface, the lifting rope 18 is weakened by the action of the traction rope 15, and with the tensioned flexible link 14, the planning movement of the bucket is carried out. The linearity of the bucket movement is ensured by appropriate selection of the sizes of the links of the four-link mechanism, the position of the suspension point of the flexible link 14 and its length. As shown by studies of the model and experimental equipment, the deviations of the cutting edge of the bucket from a straight path, with an appropriate choice of the specified dimensions, do not exceed 20-25 mm. At the end of the planning stroke of the handle with the bucket, the lever 7 comes to the stop 9, the additional link 3. departs

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Claims (2)

from the stop 4, which ensures further free rotation of the handle 2 while the lever 7 is stationary. A change in the inclination angle of the planned surface is achieved by a corresponding change in the inclination of the stand 10. Keeping the bottom level of the trenches is ensured by setting the cutter. the bucket edges at the beginning of each planning cycle on the surface planned from the previous installation, with periodic geodetic testing. Claims of the work equipment of a single-bucket excavator, including a bucket arm, boom, racks, a lever pivotally mounted on the boom by the middle part and a pivotally connecting lever with the pull rod, so that, in order to simplify the operation of the working equipment when planning ground surfaces and increasing its reliability, the lever is connected to its lower end by means of a flexible connection with a bracket mounted on an excavator rack made of two articulated links interconnected of which it is made of a telescopic mechanism and is fitted extended, and the rod connecting the lever mounted on the boom with Tew handle pivotally attached to the latter by the customer, CMV intermediate link which is pivotally associated with an abutment rigidly secured to the handgrip. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 386081, cl. E 02 F 3/42, 1971 2. The author's certificate 219457, cl. E 02 F 9/20, 1970 (prototype).