SU64998A1 - Method for producing acetylene from methane-containing gases - Google Patents

Description

In later years, considerable attention is given to the problem of obtaining cheap acetylene from natural gases by cracking them in an electric arc. The following is known: 1) adducts of the preparation of acetylene ii; the process of its preparation was studied by cracking methane in a silent discharge, in a vacuum, a volt arc, etc., under various temperature conditions. However, technically, the question of puffing acetylene from methane and methane; -H containing raiaoB cannot be considered resolved.

A study of the magnitude of the change in the free energy in reactions where acetylene takes part shows that it is quite stable at temperatures of the order of 3000 °, but in the temperature range of about 1000 ° it tends to polymerize; From a thermodynamic point of view, acetylene is unstable at room temperature, but its reactivity is so small that polymerization and decomposition occurs at an immeasurably low rate. As a consequence, if acetylene KpeKHpoBawHeiM methane in an electric arc is obtained, it is necessary to work under reduced pressure or to use dilution with hydrogen, and the contact time is a particularly important factor. And the reaction time is as fast as possible: cooling the reaction product below 1000 °.

Decomposition of methane to acetylene and hydrogen by the equation

iCH., - CH5E VLF-ZN., can be achieved by heating it in an electric arc with a temperature of 3000-3500 °. However, the yield of acetyl is low in this case, since it is determined by the rate of cooling of the gas, which is practically difficult to implement.

The proposed method is characterized in that, in order to increase the output of acetylene, the cracking of methane-containing gases is carried out in a high-frequency volt arc at atmospheric pressure.

Technological scheme of the process and the location of the equipment shown in the drawing.

The gas leaving the well at a pressure of 50-100 atm. Is throttled to 1 atm. in throttle 1 (you can also use gases from refineries

plants that are aerated into a gas tank), from where exhauster or compressors are injected into the scrubber 2 for cleaning, and then into the ammonia column 3. In the scrubber filled with strong alkali solutions, the gas is freed from carbon dioxide. The ammonia column is filled (and an ammonia-mbd solution of the following composition;

C 00 100 g / l

 g / l

UNSAC bo g / l

 g / l

and serves to absorb carbon monoxide from unsaturated hydrocarbons. (In the regenerator, the 4 indicated solution is regenerated at a temperature of 80 ° C, at which bivalent copper is reduced to monovalent. After Eoing to stop, the hot solution enters the cooler 5, from where it is pumped to the upper part of the ammonia column). The gas from the ammonia column enters the water-cooled reactor 6, in which a high-frequency volt arc is produced.

In the reactor there are two, arranged vertically, hollow copper electrodes, through which the gas passes to the place of ignition of the high-frequency arc. The movement of the electrodes is carried out by an automatic mechanism.

After cracking, the gas passes through filter 7, where it is cleaned of soot, then the coolers 8 go to condense; the latter are bathed in chloromethyl, which is wasted under vacuum, with a vacuum pump ampoule 9. Condensed acetylene is sent for further processing and use, and the hydrogen mixture is cleaned with traces of acetylene by an activated carbon and sent to the gas cylinder 10. From the gas tank, the gas can be aimed at hydrogenation, ammonia synthesis, etc.

According to the decree of the authors' authors, the acetylene yield is 2-2.5 times higher than the yields according to previously known methods.

The power of the volt high-frequency arc occurs through an ultrashortwave generator. The gas velocity is maintained at 100-300 l / h.

Subject invention

1. A method for producing acetylene from methane-containing gases by cracking in a vultov arc, is also distinguished by the fact that the process is conducted in a high-frequency volt arc to increase the output of acetylene.

2. Acceptance of the method of p. 1, characterized in that the cracking of the vaout at atmospheric pressure.

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