SU64550A1 - Vent drainage - Google Patents

Description

Drainage with an outlet pipe located along the bottom, filled with drainage material such as sand, gravel, slag, etc., and lowering the level of ground gravity water are already known. Such drains are usually almost completely free of capillary and vaporous water from the soil, especially in the large amount of fatty clay soils, and this circumstance in most cases leads to deformation of the earth bed. The effectiveness of conventional drainage is insufficient because capillary and vaporous water cannot be removed from the soil by free flow.

The proposed drainage eliminates this drawback and has the peculiarity that, in order to drain the soil from capillary and vaporous water, metal ventilation or ceramic pipes laid below the cuvette and above the drainage pipe are used.

In FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of an exemplary form of drainage, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a drain. in FIG. I.

As is known from a number of works and studies, water in the soil in the form of steam is capable of moving from an area with greater elasticity to an area of lesser elasticity of vapor. The water of the film, enveloping the soil particles, is capable of moving from more moist to less moist soils. The capillary water can be moved along the capillaries to the height of the capillary lift of the soil.

In addition, water in the form of steam tends towards the distribution of cold, and when the soil freezes, water in the soil migrates towards a lower temperature.

The proposed drainage uses these phenomena to drain the soil and is made as follows.

At the bottom of the drainage there is an outlet of a wooden or ceramic pipe 1, around which sand, gravel, slag, etc. of the material is formed. Inverse filter 2 is at the height of the aquifer. 50-100 m inspection wells are installed along the drainage to observe the drainage operation.

The lower part of the drenals is designed to remove gravitational water. Above the pipe 1, perforated 3-metal, ceramic, concrete or stone perforated ventilation pipes are laid in the drainage. After 10–20 m, the vent pipes 3 have vertical wood outlets 4, rising from 0.5 to 3 m above the drainage surface. The height of the vertical outlets is variable, in order to create more air thrust. The upper and middle parts of the dryial can be filled with gravel, sand or slag under economic conditions without a return filter device, and, therefore, without sifting materials. This part of the drainage is intended to drain the ground from water: capillary, vaporous, and film.

The upper part of the drainage is isolated by blocking 5 from atmospheric waters, as in conventional drainage.

The operation of the upper part of the drainage is based on the creation of a vapor pressure difference and a temperature difference.

In connection with the temperature difference between the air and the soil of the array to be drained by drainage, in the 3-in venting pipes, there will always be an exchange of air (air flow), which will be stronger in summer and winter. The amount of air vapor on the surface is usually less than the amount of water vapor in the ground, and therefore when air passes through the ventilation pipes, water vapor from the soil will tend to move to the ventilation pipes, where it will condense on the pipes or go out through pipes to the surface of the earth. A decrease in the pressure of water vapor in the soil will inevitably cause the transition of water to the vapor state, since it is known that the vapor pressure in the soil usually corresponds to a certain temperature. Thanks to this

a constant exchange of air will be the drainage of soils.

In winter, when the ground freezes, water migrates to the cooled side, i.e., to the surface of the main area. This migration is also characteristic of the application of all the previously proposed plots. When this happens, ice crystallizes in the pores of the ground and water is sucked through trash, and freezing from the underlying layers, which, when frozen in the ground, forms lenses and layers of ice. This also leads to the formation of deeps in winter, and in spring, when ice layers thaw, to create overmoistening in the upper soil zone, as a result of which the soil capacity decreases and landings and splashings occur on the main site of the land and landslides of slopes.

With a constant flow of cold air into the drainage of the proposed device to be vented, a cold zone will be formed around the ventilation pipes 3. Water vapor, moving from an area of high elasticity (from the soil of the earth bed) to a lower elasticity, will be partially carried to the atmosphere and partially condensed around the vent pipes. In addition, due to the creation of a cooled zone around the pipes, water during freezing will not migrate upwards to the main block, but to drainage, forming an accumulation of ice around the pipe and excluding the formation of frost. In the spring, when warm air enters through the ventilation pipes, the ice in the drainage will very quickly melt and, in the form of gravitational water, through the lower drain pipe will be transported from the drainage.

In the spring, due to the fact that water migration in the winter time took place in the direction of drainage, the main stream, the bed of the earth bed, would be drained and thus eliminated the conditions for the formation of subsidence and splash.

Subject invention

Ventilation drainage, filled with drainage material in the form of sand, gravel, slag, etc., with a discharge pipe located along the bottom of the drainage, features a figure. one

due to the fact that, in order to drain the soil from capillary and vaporous water, metal ventilation or ceramic pipes laid above & drainage pipe.

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