SU58731A1 - Bricklaying machine for brick walls, columns, etc. - Google Patents

Description

The design of the brick masonry wall, columns, etc. is based on the following decisions:

1. Ensuring the operation of the machine at any complexity horizontal arrangement of bricks. For this purpose, in order to coordinate the work of all mechanisms of the machine in accordance with the adopted masonry system, a copier is used that interacts with the mechanisms for moving the bricklayer in the transverse direction and for moving the entire machine in the longitudinal direction, as well as with mechanisms for turning the brick through 90 ° and laying bricks in the tunnel.

2. Single laying bricks, designed to be introduced into the machine in a small amount, in order to ensure low weight and low power of the power plant of the machine. For this, the bricklaying machine has a vertical telescopically sliding spindle with grippers, kinematically associated with a brick feeder.

3. Production of work by the automatic machine on the laying and tab of shtroba. In the process of producing masonry gaps

the height of the walls are non-erect. They are caused by the organization of the entire work cycle, the presence of reinforced concrete structures and other reasons.

In FIG. 1 depicts a general view of the proposed machine in a perspective view; FIG. 2 and 3-side view with partial section and plan of the receiving box; FIG. 4 and 5-part receiving box in a longitudinal vertical section and in the plan; FIG. 6 and 7 is a transverse vertical section of the receiving box and its plan in this part; FIG. 8 and 9-side (longitudinal) and transverse section of the console tube of the receiving box; FIG. 10 and 11 parts of the drive of the receiving box conveyor in two projections (side view and in plan); FIG. 12 and 13 - automatic brick-laying machine in longitudinal section and in plan; FIG. 14 and 15-side view and layout of the brick-laying feeder; FIG. 16 and 17 - cross-section and the plan of the spindle brick masonry; FIG. 18 is a cross-section of the brick layer along the line AB in FIG. 13; FIG. 19 - 29 depict the details of the mechanism of the stapler; FIG. thirty-

the schedule of the sequence and duration of the main working operations of the machine; FIG. 31 is a longitudinal section of the support part of the machine along the line CD in FIG. 34; FIG. 32 is a longitudinal section of the support of the machine along the line EF in FIG. 34, | FIG. 33-cross-section of the supporting part of the machine; FIG. 34-plan support part of the machine; FIG. 35-42 depict the details of the device supporting part of the machine; FIG. 43 and 44 is a plot of the center of the brick at the moment of laying; FIG. 45-adapted; to communicate to the stackable brick: horizontal vibrations; FIG. 46 — a device that eliminates the inaccuracy of movement of the machine along the wall; FIG. 47 and 48-distribution mechanism of the automaton in two projections; FIG. 49 and 50-distribution ring of the automaton in two projections; FIG. 51-part distribution ring; FIG. A 52-scan distribution drum for masonry pillars of 2x2 bricks; FIG. 53-distribution device in the form of a rack; fit. 54-table of movements of stackable brick for building a distribution ring for laying columns of brick size 2X2; FIG. 55 is a schematic of the symbol for brick movements; FIG. 56 -column size 2X2 kir- j peach; FIG. 57-piles dock laying bricks when laying a column the size of 2X2 bricks; FIG. 58 - part of a wall two bricks thick with saws of a line and with a shtrob; FIG. 59 — the installation of bricks according to FIG. 58; , figs. 60-square center mesh on masonry; FIG. 61-distribution drum; FIG. 62-angled locking device with drum distributor.

The interaction of the main parts of the proposed machine is as follows.

The brick enters the reception (store) box of the bricklayer.

The incoming brick is laid on the short conveyor 1 of the magazine box 2 (Fig. 2-5). The movement of the conveyor 1, connected with the working shaft through the actuator 3 (Fig. 2 and 6), is fed into the console tube 4 (Fig. 2, I 6 and 8), where it, mine of the conveyor belt 1, falls onto the rollers 5 and continues to move along these rollers to the stacking layer.

The console 4 tube tightly connected jena with a bricklayer and with it

moves along console 6 (figs. 1-6) across the wall, depending on the position of the center of the laying brick. The bricklayer performs the most important brick laying operation. Using the levers 7 (Fig. 1, 12-18) and the tray B, it feeds a brick under the grippers 9 (Fig. 14-16), which, after setting the brick down, bring the brick to the design position, pressing it into the solution . Thereafter, the claws release the brick and are raised up to repeat this operation. When lowering the grippers 9 downward, the brick is rotated at a 90 ° angle, if required.

The bricklayer to carry out its operations has a corresponding mechanism, which is driven by the shaft 10 (Figs. 6, 7, 12-18).

The shaft 10 receives movement through the gear 11 from the shaft 12 (Fig. 6 and 7).

The shaft 12 through a bevel gear (Fig. 31 and 33) is driven from the electric motor 165 installed on the lower platform of the apparatus.

The position of the brick to be laid is determined by the distances to which its center is to be moved in two directions, along the wall and across the walls, in relation to the center of the newly laid brick. Moving a brick across the wall produces a bricklayer. Moving the keypich along the wall is done by moving along the wall of the whole apparatus. For this purpose, the apparatus is mounted on four roller bearings 163 (Figs. 1, 31-40), by which it moves in the support frame 13 (Figs. 1, 39 and 40). This frame is set exactly at level 164 along the wall and is parallel to the wall. Moving around the frame, the unit maintains a vertical position. The device is installed on a certain gripper and makes laying brick in horizontal rows.

After laying the first row of bricks, the console 6 (Fig. 1) moves up 77 mm (with a seam of 12 mm) and the second row is laid. After the second row is laid, the console moves upward again by 77 mm, after which the third row and so on are laid.

The movement of the apparatus in the support frame 13 is carried out using racks 14 mounted on the support frame, and; two gears 15 (Fig. 35-38). The magnitude of all movements, their direction, as well as the angle of rotation of the brick are determined by the distribution mechanism (Figs. 47 and 48). Laying angles as such are absent. They are formed by adjoining straight sections (grabs) of walls. When the masonry is made on one or another of the grips, a vertical strobe is formed (Fig. 58), which is laid when the next adjacent gripper is laid. The laying of the grooves and its laying is also carried out at the direction of the distribution mechanism. At the end of one grab, the apparatus is transferred to another grab, which is prepared while the apparatus is operating on the first grab. This preparation consists in the precise installation of the support frames and the selection or selection of the distributor. The installation of the support frames is done by the installers, and the selection or selection of the distributor is made by the technician who directs the operation of the apparatus, acting as a master. For the selection of a distributor in the apparatus there is a series of rings reflecting standard masonry grips. For example, for laying a column with a section of 2X2 bricks, there is a distribution ring, which, when installed in the apparatus, determines the character of all movements, the laying system and the order of laying bricks, i.e., this distribution ring provides the laying of a column with a section of 2x bricks with exact respect for the location of bricks and the sequence of their laying. The same rings are also found in the apparatus for the other pillars of all used sections. Thus, for laying out a column, it is sufficient to select the appropriate distribution ring, install it in the apparatus, and the latter puts out a pole, without requiring control by the worker. The brickwork is made automatically. Distribution rings are available with the apparatus and to other elements of the masonry namely: on the pier walls with quarters for different widths and lengths, on straight sections of walls of different thickness, in parts with shade boards, chimneys, etc. The distributing mechanism can be compiled on complex parts of walls, on elements of architectural processing, etc. The distribution mechanism can be composed, for example, on rectangular furnaces of different designs and sizes, with the help of which the apparatus can lay out a furnace of a given size and structure, work ak automatic control without workers; sootvetsgvuyuschego By means of the nozzle assembly installed. The elements of the clutch, for which the distribution mechanisms will be prepared in advance, should be considered as standard elements of the clutch. Standardization is subject to the absolute majority of the elements of masonry. All standard masonry elements are numbered and reflected in the corresponding card. A series of numbered cards must be located on the machine and provide guidance for selecting the appropriate distribution mechanism. In the course of work, it will obviously be possible to encounter such combinations of masonry, which are very difficult to foresee. Therefore, it is assumed that the distribution mechanism for the part of the masonry is made on site, i.e. it is recruited by the technician’s chief of staff, according to the existing wall plans. The work of the main parts of the apparatus is as follows. The principle of a single brick laying is based on the brick-laying operation by grasping it with paws and lowering it onto the mortar to the design position. The bricklayer must feed the brick under the grippers 9 and move along the console, i.e., across the wall. The work of the bricklayer begins with the supply of bricks under the grippers. The movement of the conveyor 1 (Fig. 2) of the bricks enters the podconsole pipe 4. After a tray 8 (Fig. 14-17) discharges the outermost brick, each next brick reaches (under the force of the conveyor movement) to the end of the podconsole pipe 4 and stops by the stop 16 at the desired position (Fig. 12). Tray 8, returning after the transfer of the previous brick, fits under the brick 16 stopped by the stop and at the very end of its movement squeezes this brick with the side cheeks 17 of the tray (Fig. 14). Squeezing is necessary to ensure that the brick does not fall from the tray when it is quickly fed under the grippers 9. The cheeks 17 have rubber pads 18 on the inner sides (Fig. 18), which help to fix the bricks. The bricks are compressed using the arrow 19 and the wedge device 20 (Figs. 12 and 20).

When the tray 8 is returned, the arrow 19 expands the wedge 21 of the device 20, in connection with which the brackets 22 move away from the center and let the levers go under these brackets and adopt the position shown in FIG. one.

At that moment when the levers have taken the indicated position, the arrows 19 have already passed the wedge 21, which under the action of the springs 23 (Fig. 20) take the initial position, i.e., they are adjacent to each other. As a consequence, the brackets 22 approach the center and compress the levers 7 and the cheeks 17 with them. The levers 7 with the spring atom T are fixed in the tension state with the help of a stopper 24 fixed on the axis 25 of the arrow 19. The fastening occurs as a result of the axis 25 moving in into the tube 26. When the brick is placed under the grips 9, the prong fits under the stop 27, which, when the lever 28 is lowered (Fig. 12) presses the stopper 24 at the moment after engaging the brick grippers, as a result of which the stopper breaks and | under the action of the springs 29, it allows the levers 7 to move apart and eliminate the pressure of the I cheeks against the brick.

At this point, tray 8, along with levers 7, returns to -original | position for grabbing the next brick. I

The tray returns quickly from the action of the spring 30 (Fig. 12 and 24).

The spring 30 is connected to the levers 31,; which are hingedly connected to the levers I 32. These latter are tightly connected. axis 33, on which levers 7 and lever 34 are also tightly fixed. Spring 30 acts at the moment when lever 34 breaks away from cam 35. This disruption occurs immediately after the bricks are seized by grippers 9, which is made as follows.

From shaft 10 through gear 36 and 37

I rotation of the axis 38 occurs (Fig. 12, I 13 and 25). On this axis, a bevel gear 39 is tightly mounted, which rotates the axis 41 through the conical bristle 40. From the axis 41, through the gears 42 and 43, the axis 44 rotates, on which the cam disc is fastened. 45. This disk has two cams 35 and 46 (Fig. 12, 13, 19 and 21). The cam movement is kinematically associated with all parts of the pavering mechanism and exactly repeats the operations intended to be performed.

First, the cam 46 acts on the lever 28, which, lowering it, turns the lever 47 through a certain angle (Fig. 12 l 21). The lever 47 is tightly fastened to the axis 48 and through the lever 49 brings the levers 50 into a straight-line position (Fig. 12). As a consequence, the spring 51 through the lever 52 exerts pressure on the tube 53, which, when lowered, causes the lower ends of the levers 54 (Fig. 16) to approach the center. These ends, the entrance to the slots of the axes 55 of the grips 9, consequently, bring closer to the center and the grips themselves.

In this way the grippers squeeze the brick.

This compression due to the presence of the spring is soft and the pressure is constant.

The presence of a spring allows for admitting a brick with deviations in width, with the spring pressure being smaller with a reduced brick width and greater with a larger brick. This pressure is established by calculation, which should be based on the minimum width of the brick and the strength of friction between the grips and the brick.

In this state, the brick is lowered. Under the action of the cam 35, the lever 56 is lowered down along with the internal cylinder 57 of the spring-loaded spindle, on which the claws 9 are fixed. Lowering the lever 56 takes place with the intention of bringing the brick to the design position, and when the lever is lowered, the spring 58 is compressed. double appointment. On the one hand, without this spring, lowering the brick would be free according to the law of falling, which cannot be allowed, on the other hand, the spring has the purpose of laying the brick after it has been raised to raise the internal spindle cylinder

together with the grippers 9 and 56, and put them in their original position. The unclamping of the grips occurs due to the fact that the lever 47, resting at the end of the movement at the stop 9, leads the levers 50 out of the straight-line position and thus weakens the spring 51.

Due to this, the grippers 9 by the springs 60 (Fig. 16) are repelled from the center and release the brick. At this moment, the claws rise, and all the described parts occupy their original position. After the grippers are set to their original position, the brick is again fed by the tray j under the grips, and the operations are repeated.

The second task of the bricklayer is to determine the position of the center and angle of rotation of the next brick.

This is done under the control of the distribution mechanism.

Rotation of the brick at an angle of 90 is carried out by the shaft of the shaft 61 (Figures 26 and 27). : If the brick is to be turned on; angle, the shaft 61 is rotated through an angle of approximately 30 ° by the action of the distributing mechanism (copier).

As a consequence, the ring 62 rotates the lever 64, by means of the lever 63, around the axis 65. The inner cylinder 57 j has two slots 66 and 67 (FIGS. 28 and 29). The groove 66 is straight. The groove 67 is inclined. Due to the rotation of the axis 65, the half ring 68 enters one of its ends into an inclined groove, as a result of which the inner cylinder 57 descends i along a helical line, thus making I turn at an angle of 90 °.

The cylinder is also raised along this helix, as a result of which it is received; It is exactly the original position. |

If the next brick should be laid without turning at an angle, then the distribution mechanism turns shaft i to its original position, due to | which the other end of the half ring 68 goes to the straight groove and the angle of the inner cylinder is not rotated by j when raising and lowering. Thus, the position of the shaft 61, which is set by the distribution mechanism (cam), depends on the position of the brick, which can be laid either with a spoon or stick. The position of the center of the brick motion shaft 61 not | is changing.

The position of the center of the brick in the direction across the wall depends on the place of installation on the console of the brick layer. The movement of the bricklayer on the console is made by the bricklayer mechanism under the control of the distribution mechanism (copier) and is carried out as follows.

On axis 41, it is loosely mounted on the tongue of the cam clutch 69 (FIGS. 13, 18, 22 and 23). With one revolution of the shaft 10, the cam coupling also gives one revolution. The clutch has four jaws, the difference of the radii of which with respect to each other is the same and corresponds to the brick. When the couplings rotate, one of these cams (which one is indicated by the distribution mechanism) is installed under the lever 70 and pushes this lever away from the axis 41, i.e., rotates the lever 70 around the axis 44. The other end of the lever has two hinged ends 71 and 72, which on the hinges (Fig. 12) have pawls 73 and 74. When the lever 70 oscillates around its axis, one of the dogs is acting and up-and-down into the gear 75, which turns around its axis by a certain angle.

The magnitude of this angle, as can be seen from the drawing, is determined by the angle of rotation of the lever 70, which in turn depends on which cam of the clutch is substituted under the lever. If a cam of the largest radius is substituted for the lever, this means that shifting the center of the brick should be on one brick, if the second largest cam is set, then 3 bricks, if the third, then 4 bricks, if the fourth, then 14 brick. When rotating the gear 75, the axis 76 rotates with a pinhole 77 mounted tightly on it, which drives the two coupled gears 78 and 79, which are loosely mounted on the axis 41. The gear 79 enters the rack 80 fastened to the console with its teeth and the barn 79, in its rotation, causes the entire brick layer to move (Figures 12 and 13).

When moving to a brick (i.e., by 260 mm), the barber 79 makes almost one revolution.

Thus, the amount of shifting is determined by the cam clutch and has four different values:. bricks (65 mm), 2/4 bricks (130 mm), s; bricks (65x3 195 mm) and / 4 bricks (260 mm). It remains to determine the direction of movement, which depends on the work of dogs. Only one pawl can act at a time, and if the pawl of the axis 73 acts, then the gear 75 rotates counterclockwise, if the pawl of the axis 74 acts, the gear 75 rotates clockwise. The gear 75 consists of two rows of teeth opposite to one another in a direction that is determined by the direction of the dogs. The inclusion of one or another dog in the work is performed by sectbras 81 and 82. Both sectors are joined together and fastened on one hinge 83. From turning to a small angle of sectors around the hinge 83, approaching the plane of the teeth of one sector and removing the other depends. The rotation of the sectors depends on the shaft 84 and is performed through the rod 85 and the levers 86 and 87, which have slots for the free movement of the hinge axes 88 and 89. Under the action of the spring 90, the cam clutch is set to the zero position, in which none of the cams is under the lever 70 As a result, the turning of this lever, and hence the movement of the brick layer, does not occur. If the shaft 84 coming from the distribution mechanism is motionless, then the cam clutch will be in the zero position. If the brick layer has to be moved, then the cam clutch moves and is installed under the lever by one of the cams. If the cam 84 of the distributor mechanism turns to the smallest angle, then the cam clutch will fall under the lever 70 with the first cam, which will move the brick layer to 1/4 of the brick. When the shaft 84 is rotated at an angle twice as large, the coupling will fall under the lever with the second cam, corresponding to the movement of the brick layer by 2 / bricks. When turning at the triple angle, the third cam is set, when turning the fourth angle, the fourth cam is set. Thus, the amount of rotation of the shaft 84 (which is determined by the distribution mechanism) indicates which cam the coupling should be installed under the lever 70, and thus determines the amount of movement of the brick layer, but this does not yet determine the direction of movement of the brick layer to the apparatus or from the apparatus. This direction is determined by the inclusion of one of the sectors, which depends on the direction of rotation of the shaft 84. If the shaft 84 rotates the ring lever 91 to the right (Figs. 13 and 18), the hinge axis 89 moves freely into the slots of the lever 87 and, thus, does not have no impact on sectors. In this case, axis 73 is turned on, which rests on the teeth of row 93 and rotates the teeth 75 counterclockwise. The other row of teeth on which the axis 74 dog works, sector 82 is closed, and the dog is off. When the shaft 84 rotates the ring levers 91 and 92 to the left, the lever 85 rotates by the ring lever 92, and the hinge axis 88 moves freely in the slot of the lever 86. The ring lever 92 pushes the hinge 89 and rotates, thus, the lever 85 At the same time, the end lever 87 is connected to sectors and turns the sectors around the hinge 83. At the same time, the sector 81 closes the row 93 and therefore turns off the pawl of the axis 73. The sector 82, on the contrary, opens another row of teeth and turns on the pawl of the 74 axis. are n by rotating shaft 10, which drives the entire brick-laying mechanism by turning the shafts 61 and 84, controlled by a distribution mechanism, by turning it to a small angle. The rotation of the shaft 61 provides a rotation of the brick through an angle of 90 °, the rotation of the shaft 84 determines the direction and amount of movement of the brick layer. However, in addition to this, there is a shaft 94, which is also controlled by a distribution mechanism and ensures the laying of the grooves (Fig. 15). The pitch operation is performed as follows.

When laying the gate, to the left of the apparatus, the operation consists of lowering the brick at a distance of 4 bricks from the design position and subsequent pushing of this brick into the groove of the gate.

Laying such a brick takes twice as long as it takes place at two revolutions of the shaft 10, whereas during the basic laying one brick is laid at one turn of the shaft 10.

During the first rotation of the shaft 10, the brick is lowered, and the gripping of the grippers or lifting should not be done. The brick is in the grippers and at the second rotation of the shaft it moves in the gate, moving either to the left at the given crest position or to the right (if the gate is to the right of the apparatus) or directly from the apparatus (if the gate is in front of the apparatus).

Thus, to lay a brick in the furrow, the grooves need, in fact, to delay the uncoupling of the claws and raising the inner cylinder one turn, which is done by pushing the shaft 94. The shaft 94, when turning it at a certain angle, removes the stop 59, as a result of which the lever 47 It does not remove the levers 50 from the linear position and the release of the grippers does not occur (Fig. 12).

In the second revolution, the shaft 94 moves the support 59 to its former place, as a result of which this emphasis retracts the lever 47 and the grippers are disengaged.

It is sufficient to retract the lever 47 by only 1-2 mm, after which, under the action of the spring 51, the levers 50 are immediately removed from the straight-line position.

The movement of the entire brick layer is made by sliding it over the console. The connection of the parts of the bricklayer with the shaft 10, 61, 84, 94 is made by a device on the shafts of a through longitudinal groove in which the protrusions of the parts on the shaft (gears 36, rings 62, 91, 92, etc.) go.

These parts are reinforced on a brick-laying machine and as they move, they also move, slipping along the shafts.

Thus, the work of the brick-laying mechanism is performed regardless of where it is located, in the near

to the machine or HJ far end of the console. Ball bearings are provided with bearings for quick-turning parts. The parts are automatically greased. The sequence of operation of the bricklayer and of the entire apparatus itself is reflected in the graph (Fig. 30), with the entire process lasting for 1.5 seconds. The speeds of performing individual operations, as can be seen from the indicated schedule, for an automatically operating device are minimal.

The path of the brick when lowering from position 1 to position II is 130 mm (Figs. 43 and 44).

When laying a brick, a series of reciprocal movements (a) are reported at the moment of contact with the mortar. The movement of the brick in this case is reflected in the graph (Fig. 44, and the structural design is shown in Fig. 45.

The horizontal vibrations of the brick are made by the device iia of the inner cylinder 57 of the special protrusions that slide along the two grooves of the cylinder 95. These grooves at the very end are curved in parallel, as a result of which the spindle has simultaneously short movements in two opposite directions. These movements (a) correspond to the graphics (fig. 44) and can be set in the most favorable sizes.

The upper part of the inner cylinder may then descend either directly or also follow the indicated schedule.

Thus, a single brick laying allows you to follow all the rules of laying.

A magazine box is used to receive and feed brick into the bricklayer (Figs. 2 and 3).

Reception of bricks with the complete mechanization of the laying process is carried out using mechanical devices.

FIG. Figures 2 and 3 show a box with a manual brick laying.

With one revolution of the shaft 10, which also corresponds to one revolution of the shaft 12, the conveyor belt of step 1 (Fig. 2 and 3) of the magazine box makes movement to the brick layer. With this movement, the brick itself is fed into the cantilever roller tube. Brick pushes stops 98 ribbon 1. Feed

each brick must be produced at a strictly defined time, which is carried out with the help of cam 99 (Figs. 6 and 10).

The cam 99 at one turn of the shaft 12 turns the cross 100 at an angle of 90 °, i.e. one quarter of a circle.

At the same time, gear 102 is fixed on the axis 101, which, through gear 103, rotates the driving drum 104 of the conveyor belt 1.

The drum 104 makes about a turn and moves the tape on one brick. The bricks from the belt go to the rollers 5, which are alternately moved to the end of the console tube, where tray 8 is fed under the grips, as described above. The lugs 98 of the conveyor belt are spring-loaded, which is necessary in order, on the one hand, to make a gentle abutment of the brick against the abutment 16 (Fig. 12), and on the other hand, to compensate for the inaccuracy of the length of the bricks. If several bricks of a row are of increased length, then the distance from the stop 16 to the first stop 98 of the belt 1 will not be enough to accommodate the specified number of bricks. If five bricks will have each length exceeding the normal length by 5 mm, then this distance will not be enough for 5 X 5 25 mm. If these bricks have a reduced length, then the distance will be redundant, and the last brick may not reach the stop 16, as a result of which the brick will be captured not in the middle of the brick length, but with a deviation from this middle. To prevent these errors, the tape stops are spring-loaded.

However, the supply of bricks is complicated by the variable location of the brick layer and the cantilever pipe. When the bricklayer moves away from the cantilever, the pipe with bricks also moves, as a result of which a gap is created between the bricks in the pipe and on the belt, and the bricklayer can become idle. When the brick-laying machine moves to the apparatus, on the contrary, the bricks in the sub-cantilever pipe will collide with the bricks on the belt. To prevent these defects, the conveyor belt is made dependent on the movement of the pipe using a gear.

slats 105 (FIGS. 2 and 4), which is connected to the bristles 106 located on the same shaft with the drive drum. Thus, when the sub-cantilever pipe moves to the other side, the conveyor belt moves along with it and in the same direction, due to its rupture or collision of bricks. The schedule of the sequence and duration of the main operations takes into account the complete consistency of these movements and mutual linkage, as a result of which the possibility of interruptions or delays and advances is excluded. The console tube at the end has a cut-out 107 (Fig. 8), which is necessary for the passage of the cheeks of the levers 7.

The size of the cantilever depends on the thickness of the walls and, obviously, will vary within 3-4 bricks. The console, designed for the maximum wall thickness, can, however, be reduced when laying thicker walls, which is achieved by using the handle 108 and the screw 109 (Figures 2 and 4).

In this case, the subconsole tube (as well as during the laying process) is also pushed into the -making box, with the conveyor belt allowing the rollers 5 to pass freely.

The console tube with the sliding parts 115 is located in the guides 110. The console, the Supporting console and the magazine box are fixed in the supporting part of the storage box, which has guide 111, sliding along the main stand upwards and downwards when the console is lowered (FIG. 3-7).

Movement up or down is carried out using the handle 167 (Fig. 1) through a gear that includes gears running along two gear racks 112 and 113 (Fig. 3).

When lowering or lifting the cantilever part of the apparatus, the gear 114, through which the rotation of the shaft 10 is transmitted from the motor, moves along with the cantilever part, slides along the shaft 12 (Fig. 6).

The functions of the lower part of the apparatus include ensuring the stability of the whole structure, movement of the structure by arranging an appropriate mechanism and rolling supports, as well as driving the entire mechanism by the engine. The stability of the whole apparatus is ensured by the appropriate location of the supports.

The supports are ball rings that provide ease of movement of the apparatus.

The design of the support device is shown in FIG. 35 - 37.

These roller bearings are rolled in a support frame (Figs. 41 and 42), with the movement being made using gear 15 (Figs. 36 and 38). When constructing supports, it is necessary to take into account, however, possible oscillations of the entire apparatus, in connection with which the support is more convenient support, shown in FIG. 41 and 42. This support consists of two ball rings 116, the axes of which are repelled from each other by means of springs 117.

In this way, the support rests on the lower and upper shelves of the channel bar, thus eliminating the possibility of oscillation.

The motor is an electric motor 165 (Fig. 1 and 33), which is mounted on the side of the apparatus. This decision is explained by the need to have the middle part of the stand free, in order to maximize the descent of the cantilever part of the apparatus, in order to start laying from a lower level.

The end of the motor shaft is a worm shaft 168, which rotates the gears 118 (Fig. 31-34).

Two bevel gears 119 and 120 are fixed on the shaft of this gear. Gear 119 drives the mechanism that moves the vehicle along the wall, and gear 120 rotates through the bristle

121 (Fig. 34) shaft 12, which drives all the mechanisms of the cantilever part of the apparatus.

The movement of the apparatus along the wall is carried out by the same mechanism as the movement of the brick layer. Shaft

122turns the same cams} yufty 123, which by the lever 124 (Fig. 34) is set by one of the cams under the lever 125. The lever 125 of one of the two dogs rotates the gear 126, which is tightly connected to the bristle 127 and sits freely on the shaft 128.

Gear 127 rotates gear 129, which is tightly connected to bristles 130.

This gear and rotates the shaft 128 through the bristle 131.

The cam clutch is moved from the shaft 145 (Fig. 48) coming from the distribution mechanism.

When the shaft 145 is rotated clockwise, one dog is engaged (allowing the apparatus to move to the left), while the shaft is rotated counterclockwise, the second dog is turned on (allowing the apparatus to move to the right). The support frame is set exactly on the level with the help of lifting screws at a distance of 10-16 s from the wall.

Levels 164 can be installed either on the frame itself or on the main rack of the apparatus (Fig. 1). It is more expedient to install the levels on the rack of the apparatus, since the levels are very easy to break on the base frame.

When moving the apparatus along the wall with the help of gears, one should expect that it is unlikely to achieve 1 mm accuracy, which, however, is absolutely necessary.

If an accuracy of 1 mm is not possible with the help of gears, then very long deviations are possible on long apparatus grips (on the order of 10 to 12 m).

When stacking one p, yes with a spoon, and another p and yes poking the number of movements of the apparatus along the wall, in the second row will be twice as much as in the first, that is, about 45 movements more.

With so many movements, the potential deviation will be about 45 mm, which is unacceptable.

In this connection, it is necessary to install a device that eliminates inaccuracy. A variant of such an adaptation is shown in FIG. 46.

The triangular grooves 133 are cut into all the support frames, the distance between them being equal to the brick, i.e. 65 mm.

A cam 134 is mounted on the shaft 12, which at each turn of the shaft will push the rod 135 into the groove opposite it}.

If the apparatus doesn’t stand up accurately, then the rod 135 with its triangular end corresponding to the profile of the groove eliminates the inaccuracy.

The most convenient length of the support frames is 2-2.5 m. With large grips, several support frames can be installed, connected between

a using pins 136 and holes 137 (Fig. 39 and 40).

The distribution mechanism (copier) is the most important and complex part of the apparatus.

The function of the distribution mechanism is to control all parts of the apparatus. The distribution mechanism reflects the exact location of the bricks on this grab.

When resolving this issue, the possibility of arranging a whole range of distribution mechanisms has been established. The principle of the device of one of them is shown in FIG. 47-50.

FIG. 56 shows the laying of a column with a section of 2X2 bricks.

The post masonry system provides for the repetition of brick rows every four rows. Thus, the same arrangement of bricks begins through 32 bricks with 8 bricks in each row.

Laying bricks during masonry production requires a certain order.

The order of laying bricks for a given pole is shown in FIG. 57.

The process of laying bricks with this fixed order will actually be an alternate lowering of bricks on the wall with the corresponding movement of each subsequent brick relative to the previous one.

The analysis of these movements is the basis for creating a distribution mechanism.

After laying brick N ° 1, brick Xs 2 is laid (what happens in this case can be seen from Fig. 57). The center of brick No. 2 relative to the center of brick No. 1 is moved to the right by 130 mm (1/3 of the brick).

When laying bricks No. 3 and 4, exactly the same movements take place. When laying a brick ° 5, another movement occurs. The center of brick number 5 moves relative to the center of brick number 4 in the transverse direction along 260 mm and does not deviate to the right or left.

When laying brick No. I, completely different movements take place: first, the center of brick No. AND relative to the center of brick No. 10 moves to the right by 1/4 of the brick (i.e., 65 mm), secondly, the center moves

in the transverse direction by j brick (i.e. by 195 mm), thirdly, brick No. 11 with respect to brick No. 10 is rotated 90 °.

In this way, it is possible to determine what these movements will consist of with different combinations of laying bricks.

The main movements will be as follows: each next brick can be moved relative to the previous one in the direction along the wall by a distance of i /, j, or / 4 bricks, while the center can move in the transverse direction to one of the distances just mentioned. Finally, the brick can be rotated 90 °. Moving in the longitudinal direction can be made left or right. Movement in the transverse direction can also be made forward or backward. Thus, the following can be established. To accurately determine the position of the next brick relative to the previous one, you need to know:

1) the value of the longitudinal displacement (4. b. 1 or 4/4 bricks);

2) the direction of this movement (right or left);

3) the amount of lateral displacement (/ 4, / 4, 4 or 4 / bricks);

4) the direction of this movement (towards the inner surface of the wall or toward the outside);

5) angle of rotation (О or 90 °).

An analysis of a brickwork, for example, a column with a section of 2 x 2 bricks, allows you to set the digital data of all movements and reduce them to the table shown in FIG. 54..

To simplify the compilation of this data, the legend symbols (Fig. 55) are adopted. The numerical values of the displacements themselves are the data for the construction of the distribution mechanism. The principle of the distribution mechanism is based on the arrangement of a ring consisting of divisions according to the number of bricks for a given masonry, with the establishment of protruding cylinders (small size), which cause the transmission levers to periodically move.

At one revolution of the shaft 10 and 12, the distribution ring moves to.

one division that corresponds to the laying of one brick.

The sweep of the distribution ring (Fig. 52) has 32 divisions, which is equal to the number of groups of bricks that are repeated when laying a column of 2 x 2 bricks. The rotation of the ring by one division is made by the lever 138 (Fig. 47), which pushes the cylinder 140 with its end 139. After that, the lever returns to its previous position, and the hinge of the end of this lever allows it to bend and pass in this way under the next cylinder.

The lever 138 is set in motion by the cam 141 located on the shaft 10.

Other ring cylinders turn the shafts of the distribution mechanism, which directly affect the operation of the brick layer at the bottom of the machine.

FIG. 51 shows the arrangement of these cylinders. Cylinders-P and -j-II when turning the ring one division using the levers 142 and 143 rotate the shaft 84.

In one division only three main cylinders are installed. One cylinder indicates the magnitude and direction of the longitudinal movement (i.e., the nature of the movement of the apparatus along the wall), the second cylinder indicates the magnitude and direction of the lateral movement (i.e., the nature of the movement of the bricklayer), the third cylinder indicates the angle of rotation of the brick.

If the cylinder 144 (Fig. 47) is in the -li strip, then the shaft 84 is turned by the lever 142, and the shaft is rotated clockwise. If the cylinder is installed in the - | -11 strip, then the shaft 84 is turned by the lever 143, and the shaft is rotated counterclockwise. In bands-II and rings, the cylinder can be installed in one of four sockets, corresponding, 4, 4), 4 li bricks. Thus, with one cylinder, shaft 84 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise by a certain angle depending on the seat in which the cylinder is installed. These movements determine the operation of the brick layer.

The nature of the movement of the apparatus along the wall is determined by the rotation of the shaft 145 (Fig. 47 and 48). Rotation shaft 145 on

a certain angle is made with the help of the levers 146 and 147 of the cylinder-B strip or -B (-B. Band -B ring corresponds to the movement of the apparatus to the left. Band- (-B corresponds to the movement of the apparatus to the right. If the cylinder is installed in the strip -B, then it getting into the slot 149, in which the hinged end of the lever 146 is pushed, pushes it, and the shaft rotates counterclockwise. When the cylinder is installed in the strip - ( arrow. This determines the direction of movement of the device. arata (left or right). The magnitude of the movement is depending on which nest of the strip B is mounted to the cylinder.

Install the brick-laying mechanism to rotate the brick at an angle using the lever 150, which rotates the cylinder, - installed: h on the lower surface of the ring.

As soon as this cylinder ceases to operate, the lever 150, under the action of the spring 151, returns to its original place and places the shaft 61 in its original position. If no rotation of the brick is required, then the cylinder is not installed in this division of the ring.

To lay the brick in the shtrab, it is necessary (as indicated in the description of the action of the bricklayer) to turn the shaft 94 through a certain angle. This operation is performed using a rod 152, which is driven by a cylinder mounted below the ring on the second circle.

This rod is set to its original position by the spring 153. If the cylinder is not installed on the second circle R of this division of the ring, then the lever 152 does not rotate, and therefore the shaft 94 does not occur, and the brick is laid in the usual order.

The cylinders of the ring, in their content, are actually the pins 166. Thus, in order to lay out a column with a section of 2X2 bricks, it is enough just to insert a ring into the apparatus, which allows the apparatus to operate automatically, without control of the worker.

In order to lay a pillar of a different cross section, it is necessary to insert another suitable ring into the apparatus. Distribution rings can be pre-fabricated on other parts of the walls.

FIG. 58 shows a part of a wall two bricks thick with saws of a line and with grooves on which a distribution ring can also be made.

Thus, the task is reduced to the standardization of the masonry, to the development of various grippers and to the arrangement of switchgears on them.

A large number of masonry elements are subject to standardization: columns of all sections, piers of all sizes (with quarters and without quarters), grabs of straight walls of all thicknesses, grabs of walls with saws, grabs of walls with chimneys and ventilation ducts, eaves slopes of various most common forms, various architectural masonry, etc. The installation of switchgears was possible due to the squareness of the center mesh of the brickwork (Fig. 60).

In the absence of squareness in a centrose grid, which is possible only with seams of 10 mm, it would be impossible to set up switchgear or in all cases the case would be immeasurably complicated. In this case, a half-brick, in one direction, for example, 130 mm, in the other direction, would have a different value (less or more), that is, it would not be equal to half of the whole brick (260 mm with a seam). As a result, when laying bricks in excess of a spoon row and tapping a deflection at a distance of 260 mm would be about 3 to 5 mm, which, with a grab at least 1.5 m, would have given an unacceptable deviation of 20-30 mm. 10 m would have an impressive figure of 12–20 cm. Thus, the squareness of the center grid is a very important favorable circumstance.

Distributing devices can be made not only in the form of a ring, but also in the form of a plate (Fig. 52), in the form of a rack (Fig. 53), etc.

With complex masonry grips (Fig. 59), it is not possible to put the entire gripper in a ring, because such will have a rather large diameter. In this case, the dispenser will be a drum consisting of

from a number of rings acting alternately (Fig. 61). Each ring corresponds to a part of the vertical gripper (Fig. 62). It should be noted, however, that with the most careful standardization of masonry, it is not necessary to rely on its full coverage. Under the conditions of construction, quite unusual forms and combinations of masonry are often revealed, under which it will be difficult to select a combination of appropriate switchgears.

In this regard, it is possible to make switchgears at the work site for non-standard masonry.

Making the switchgear at the place of work according to the type described is, of course, impossible, because the number of errors is likely to be large. Therefore, an on-site switchgear device is provided by recruiting a masonry plan, which is an exact copy of the masonry to be made.

The proposed machine for laying is located inside the building being erected, using to support the flooring of the floor girder. In this case, the machine should have a height of 3.5 m and lay out the walls of residential buildings (the whole floor) in one step.

Spreading the walls with separate tacks, the apparatus moves along the flooring laid along the beams of the newly completed masonry floor. Upon completion, for example, of laying the first section, the apparatus is installed in the second section, and in the first section the laying of the beams begins, with the slots for the beams left; apparatus when laying walls.

As the machine moves across the floor from one section to another, the transition t and the workers are laying beams.

When the masonry floor is completed, the crane will go up to the next floor and re-start the masonry in the same order.

Vertical lifting of the material is proposed using a crane.

The supply of the solution from the crane to the apparatus is provided by the help of a rubberized hose and a low-power mortar pump. Laying the mortar on the wall is provided by discharging a certain pressure from the hose.

portions of the solution under each stacked brick.

Brick transport from the crane is assumed using a flexible metal roller hose and feeding mechanism.

The feed mechanism has a pusher and is connected to a metal hose. The brick, stacked in a strictly defined order, rises in the trolleys to the top and is installed directly into the feeding mechanism. The pusher of the feeder movement pushes bricks into the metal hose, one for each movement.

The metal hose is a roller pipe with a cross section equal to the cross section of a brick.

The end of this hose is laid along the support frames and passes through the receiver of the apparatus, located in its lower part and receiving the brick from the hose. From the receiver, the brick is transmitted by vertical shelf transport to the receiving box of the apparatus.

The crane is supposed to be installed in each section in such a way that the range of the feeding mechanisms does not exceed 15-20 m.

The transport of materials from the crane to the apparatus with the designed scheme of work organization is greatly facilitated. The reason for this is the lack of vertical lifting of the materials supplied from the crane to the apparatus. The materials follow horizontally, which simplifies the system of transport operations and allows you to create feeding mechanisms with low power and low weight.

According to the preliminary calculations of the author, the performance of the machine can be 10 -14 thousand hours of bricks per shift (8 hours).

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (21)

I. A brick masonry machine for walls, columns, etc., which includes a receiver with conveyors and a brick layer, characterized in that, in order to coordinate the work of all machine mechanisms in accordance with the adopted masonry system, a copier 140 is used, interacting with the mechanisms of movement of the pioneer in the transverse direction and mechanisms of movement of the entire machine in the longitudinal direction, as well as with the mechanisms of turning the brick through 90 stacking of the brick in the gate (Figs. 1 and 47). 2. Forch execution of the automaton according to claim 1, characterized in that the copier is made 3 as a cylinder or a gear rack with pins located on the surface in accordance with the adopted masonry system (Fig. 49, 50, 53 and 91). 3. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that in order to move the copier one division, which corresponds to the laying of one brick and ONE} to the rotation of the shaft 10, a fist 141 acting on the lever 138 is located on the latter, the pin 166 of the copier rests on its end 139 s (Fig. 47). 4. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1 to 3, characterized by the use of intermediate plates, located on the surface of the copier between the main pins and employees, depending on the adopted masonry system, turning the shaft 84 in one direction or the other with the help of levers 142 and 143, brick layer in the transverse direction, or shaft 145 in one direction or the other with the help of levers 146 and 147, in the direction of movement of the machine in the longitudinal direction, or cotton wool 61-with the aid of lever 150, in the case of rotation of the brick nd 90, or shaft 94 with lever 152, in the case of stowage shpicha in schtrobu (Fig. 47 and 48). 5. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1 to 4, characterized in that, in order to automatically feed a brick from the receiver and lay it onto the mortar to the design position, a vertical spring loaded clamp with grippers 9 is installed in the bricklayer (FIG. 12 and sixteen). 6. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1, 4, 5, that is, so that the spring-loaded spindle of the brick-laying agent was made in the form of telescopic cylinders, between which there is a helical spring 58, which serves to lift the retractable inner cylinder 57 with the grips 9 after laying the brick (FIG. 12 and 16). 7. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1, 4-6, characterized in that to drive all parts of the brick-laying mechanism, a disk 45 is used, rotated by the main shaft 10 through systems (gears) (Figs. 12, 19 and 24). 8. The form of execution of the automaton according to claim 7, wherein the disk 45 is provided with cams 46 and 35, acting through lever gears on the grips 9 of the spring-loaded pinch, on the mechanism for lowering the latter and the feeder for its longitudinal movement (Fig. 12, 19 and 24). 9. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that, in order to clamp the brick between the jaws 17 of the feeder, arrow 19 and wedges 20 with spring clips 22 acting on the levers 7 during the period of approach of the feeder to the stop 16 are used (Fig. 12, 14 , 15 and 16). 10. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1, 4-9, characterized in that, in order to keep the levers 7 in position, clamping the brick with the cheeks 17, and during the supply of the brick for the grippers 9, a spring stopper 24 located on the axis of the arrow 19 is used (Fig. 20 11. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1, 4-10, in that, in order to release the brick from the compressive forces of the feeder immediately after fixing it in the grips 9, a stop 27 is applied, acting on the stopper 24 under the action of the lever 28 when lowering the spring-loaded spindle (Fig. 12). 12. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1-11, characterized by using a half-ring 68 enclosing a cylinder 57 with protrusions included either in a curved groove 67, if necessary to rotate a spring-loaded spindle with a brick through 90 °, or in a straight linear groove 66, in the case of a straight lowering (FIG. 26-29). 13. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that a shaft 61 is used to rotate the half-ring 68 by means of a lever transmission, which is rotated by a cam (FIGS. 26 and 27). 14. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1-13, characterized in that, in order to move the brick layer on the console, a cam clutch 69 is applied, rotated through the gear system by the main shaft 10 and a double-arm lever 70 having pawls 73 and 74 at its hinge end, acting on the gear 75 connected by a gear system with a console gear 80 (FIG. 12, 22 and 23). 15. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1-14, characterized in that to move the brick layer to t} or the other side in the transverse direction, the gear 75 has two rows of teeth opposite one another in direction (Fig. 13). 16. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 14 and 15, characterized in that in order to change the magnitude of movements of the brick layer, the cam sleeve 69 is provided with cams of various sizes (Figs. 22 and 23). 17. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. 1-15, characterized in that in order to change the direction of movement of the bricklayer while simultaneously controlling the amount of movement thereof, a rod 85, hingedly connected to the shaft 84, is applied to the coupling 69 at one end to set it with a corresponding cam under the lever 70 depending on the rotation of the shaft 84. and the other end through a system of levers comprising one of the sectors 81 or 82 (Fig. 12 and 13). 18. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. characterized by using shaft 94 to turn off and turn on stop 59 when laying bricks in a gate. 19. The form of the machine according to paragraphs. L 18, characterized in that in order to obtain mutually reverse brick movements when it is pressed into the solution, on the inner cylinder 57 of the spring-loaded spindle there are protrusions sliding in the grooves of the outer cylinder 95, which are curved at the end of the cylinder and parallel to each other (Fig. 45 ). 20.In the machine on PP. 1 - 19 use the mechanism to move the entire machine in the longitudinal direction, similar to the mechanism for moving the brick layer (Fig. 31-34). 21.In the machine on PP. 1-20, use cam 134 on shaft 12 acting on a wedge-shaped rod 135 for the purpose of more accurate installation of the machine after each movement by the entry of the rod wedge into the corresponding triangular notches on the support frame (Fig. 46). . D P And - d / I-: i and /  °°° PG-) D 1Sha shshv5Shav | .u.4-.w.nfibJj ir;: r; is-.  f I t IrJ,  ci with jf  -: ®Ti - FFraJir (i5  NgU. n 4 -itHL / L  : f: mfSEy:  Jfc-Q 1g; jc-, n I iUj -T   NO / 7 / : -os E-O R S n si -h s ss about s o CL CO 03 h: I p Phi-z; 1 "h AND FIGU FIG 4d FIG 5