SU56078A1 - Bearing Testing Machine - Google Patents

Description

Machines for testing materials and various parts for wear are known, in which the implementation of the load on the test parts is carried out by means of a rocker arm controlled by a system of unequal arms, using a lever transmission dynamometer and indicator controlled by a rod passing through the shaft of the shaft performing rotation.

In the proposed machine for testing bearings for wear, the dynamometer shaft together with the shaft passing through its cavity is made rotating for transmission; rotation from the drive to the abrasive bearing shaft, and the rod controlling the indicator readings is provided with a support heel.

To eliminate the influence of forces eccentrically applied to the end of the rod, the dynamometer is equipped with two articulated-lever systems that are symmetrically located with respect to its axis.

In FIG. 1 is a front view of a machine for testing bearings for wear; FIG. 2 is a cross-section of it along AB in FIG. one; FIG. 3 is a top view; FIG. 4 is a side view of it; FIG. 5 is a view of a dynamometer with a partial cut; FIG. 6 - top view of it; FIG. 7 is a side view of a coupling with a detached disk; FIG. 8 is a side view of the disk.

Coupling.

The base plate / machine is installed on a solid base. All components of the machine are mounted on the plate, except for the engine, which is installed separately.

For the root shaft 2, which wears the test bearing, two roller bearing bearings are mounted on the base plate. The shaft is replaceable and is mounted in bearings on tightening cones. Between the two bearings, a third bearing under test is placed on the shaft, on which the corresponding load from the linkage system is given.

To measure the temperature of the bearing in it, a special hole is made for the thermometer. The temperature is measured in the middle part of the insert and therefore characterizes its actual condition.

When testing a lubricated bearing, the latter is carried out using a lubricator. An oil cylinder is fitted for the liquid lubricant. Lubricant consumption is determined by graduated cubic. centimeters scale. The oil cylinder is equipped with a valve for adjusting the oil supply. Such a system, in combination with a thermometer on a bearing, makes it possible to establish and determine a rational lubrication mode for one or another material, under given conditions of the bearing operation, and also to judge the rationality of one or another lubricant under one or another bearing operation mode. The waste oil from the main shaft enters the filter box, where it is cleaned of mechanical impurities and in a filtered form enters the collecting vessel ready for further use.

With this system, the absolute oil consumption is reduced to a minimum.

The root shaft 2, having the most common shape and a short length of 450 mm, is easily replaced with a shaft of the required diameter and material. One end of the replacement main shaft is connected to a counter 33, which determines the number of revolutions. The meter is mounted on a bracket on the base plate.

The lever system consists of a head post 3, fixed on the base plate and carrying a rocker arm 4, supporting and ceasing a given load on the test bearing, pull 5 of lower arm 6, pull 7 and upper arm 5 supporting the stand head 3 and carrying the suspension 9 for interchangeable tared goods.

The sun lever system is mounted on hot prisms. The load on the bearing to be tested is transmitted from the rocker arm through a spherical support, which ensures the application of the load along the line passing through the center of the shaft.

All forces from the lever system are balanced on the base plate and are not transmitted to the basement.

The main gearbox 10 consists of a cast-iron box, tightly attached to the base plate, a cover, a receiving shaft with an interchangeable pulley 11, an intermediate shaft and a driving hollow shaft 13 of the dynamometer, transmitting rotation from the drive to the main

shaft 2, eight gears and two shift forks with a frame of clamps. Two gears with a sliding fit are placed on the driven shaft, four gears on the intermediate shaft are two extreme ones with a hollow fit and two middle ones with a dynamometer sliding on the drive shaft 13, and two gears with a blind fit.

The driven and intermediate shafts are mounted on ball bearings, leading a boulder taper roller bearings.

For smooth operation and less gear wear, the gearbox is filled with oil. Due to the presence of a replaceable pulley, in addition to the basic four speeds that the gearbox gives, any speeds of the main shaft 2 can be obtained on it.

Shifting gear speeds on the move is unacceptable.

To connect the drive hollow shaft of the dynamometer with the main shaft, a detachable fist-and-lever clutch of a special design is used. A coupling part consisting of a disk 14 with two drivers 15 (FIG. 5) is placed on the main shaft 2. The second main part of the coupling is fixed on the driving shaft 13 of the dynamometer.

This part of the coupling is made in the form of a steel cylindrical but hollow body 16, in which two articulated-lever dynamometer systems are installed symmetrically. Each hinge-lever system consists of a receiving lever with a red-hot cam P for an abutment on a leash of the disk, an intermediate link and a small lever with a red-hot cam 19 for an abutment against the rod 20 of the hollow shaft of the dynamometer.

These two symmetrically located systems provide axial pressure on the rod, completely eliminating the harmful effects of forces eccentrically applied to the end face of the rod 20.

If the rod was pressed unilaterally, the harmful influence of forces eccentrically applied to the rod end would be inevitable.

The hinge and lever systems are mounted on ball bearings. These systems perceive circumferential forces through the reducer from the motor and transfer them from one side through the drivers and the disk to the main shaft, and on the other hand convert these circumferential forces into axial-linear ones to a metal rod 20 rotating with the drive shaft 13.

The rod is located in the cavity of the driving shaft of the dynamometer, is mounted thereon on bronze bushings and has a sliding fit, providing it with the necessary free axial movement.

The friction forces of the test subunit, perceived by the rod from the hinge-lever systems of the dynamometer, are transmitted to the ball bearing base 22. One half of this platform is installed at the end of the rod 20.

The forces of friction from the rod are transmitted through the stop and that are transferred to the crosshead cylinder 21 axially sliding. At one end of this cylinder, the second half of the thrust ball bearing is reinforced.

A small radial ball bearing is installed inside the crosshead cylinder, which is the guide for the rod end. At the second end of the cylinder, the shchatun 23 (Fig. 6) is reinforced on the radial ball joint, perceiving the friction forces of the tested subshell through the clutch, rod 20 and crosshead cylinder 21 and transmitting these forces to the lever indicator system.

The connecting rod is connected by a hinge to the lever 24 of the indicator. The crosshead body consists of a bronze guide bush, pressed into a steel base, mounted on a stand, on a base plate.

The horizontal indicator shaft 26 (Figs. 5, 6) is mounted on ball bearings in a special steel support that is mounted on the frame. On one side of the support on the shaft is mounted a tandem with interchangeable weights 27, on the other side of the support on the shaft is fixed the lever 24, which perceives the friction force of the tested support from the crosshead. On the indicator shaft on the tandem holder, interchangeable tared weights are suspended, designed to depreciate all the frictional and inertial forces that occur directly in the indicator and clutch. In addition to these goods, replaceable working loads, on which the dial's dial is marked, are broadcast on the t-frame. Lever arm

28 is provided with an optically flat plane, against which the end of the horizontal rod 29 abuts, moving parallel to the crosshead cylinder on two rollers. In the middle of the rod 29 has a slatted cutting for gear. The gear wheel, coupled with the rod rod, implanted tightly on the axis of the dial indicator indicator.

The automatic return of the pointer to zero is carried out with the help of a small load, posted on the clamp to the block placed on the hub of the toothed gear. At the end of the rod

29 is an enhanced writing pen for writing diagrams.

All the details of the indicator, except for the tiller, the tiller's axis and two short levers, are mounted on a special base, mounted on a rack, on the base plate. The scale of the dial 30 is calibrated with all the gear ratios of the measuring device and reflects the magnitude of the actual friction forces developed on the main shaft. The dial has a double scale.

The graph device 31 (Fig. 1) consists of two tape drums. On one reel, a tape is wound and a record is recorded. This drum is placed in a metal frame at the writing rod of the dynamometer. A tape with a recorded chart is wound onto the second drum.

From the second drum is transmitted. rotation of the first reel through the diagram.

The second drum receives rotation from the gearbox of the diagram instrument. The gearbox of the chart device is driven by the drive shaft of the main gearbox, with which it is connected by a belt drive.

Diagram reducer 32 (Fig. 1) consists of a steel box and two pairs of worm gears. Gear ratio from the leading diagram

the drum to the driving shaft of the dynamometer 1 1: 5000, which ensures continuous recording of the diagram for a long time from 2 to 10 hours. The diagram on the abscissa axis records the time of the test, and the ordinate axis of the friction coefficient or friction force is recorded. By car, bearings of different diameters and materials of bronze, cast iron, babbit, etc. can be tested.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A machine for testing bearings for wear using a rocker arm, driven by a system of unequal arms for carrying the load on the bearing being tested, a lever transmission dynamometer and indicator controlled by a rod, passing in the hollow of the shaft, performing rotation, which is different the transmission of rotation from the drive to the abrasive bearing shaft, the shaft of the dynamometer, together with the rod 20 passing through its cavity, controlling the indicator readings, is made rotatable, which is bent hard p 22. 2. In a machine according to claim 1, use in the dynamometer of two symmetrically hinged-lever systems with respect to the axis of the dynamometer in order to eliminate the influence of forces eccentrically applied to t (rod 20).