SU518112A3 - Method of emulsifying hydrophobic liquid - Google Patents

Description

In order to eliminate these drawbacks, i.e. in order to improve the emulsifying effect, as an emulsifier, a 0.5-50% aqueous and / or glycol solution of the compound of the general formula is used:

KSOO (C "H2" 0) pK

where R is alkyl or alkenyl Cis-C h,

RI is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl Ci-Ce;

 or 2 and 3; in the case of and 3, the number of propylene glycol groups is not more than 40% of the number of ethylene glycol groups;

p 15-35.

These compounds have very low toxicity to marine fauna and, at the same time, emulsifying properties. The demolition of Biological activity is very high, and these compounds lose their surface a-reactivity in biochemical processing as quickly as other fatty acid esters. Finally, these compounds are mixed with seawater in all proportions and have a flash point above 120 ° C, which is much higher than the exact point (most commonly used emulsifying agents).

The proposed compounds can be prepared by adding an alkaline liquefaction compound of the general formula

K, - (CO "H2"; HON,

where RI denotes an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl irpyniny having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 2 and 3, in which the number of "propylene glycol blocks is chosen so that it does not exceed 40% of the number of ethylene glycol in the final product, and x.15- 35 The product thus obtained is reacted in an acidic medium with a fatty acid or the corresponding chloro-1-hydrido; in a fatty row, the fatty acid has the general formula

RCOOH,

where R denotes a saturated or "unsaturated carbon chain having from 15 to 23 carbon atoms.

The compounds according to the invention are advantageously prepared from alkyl monoglycols or alkyl diglycols by liquefying them together with an appropriate amount of alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkali. The subsequent reaction of the condensation products with the fatty acid is carried out in the presence of an acid: As a catalyst. Suitable catalysts are, for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, hydrogen fluoride, and cation-exchangers in saturated hydrogen-M form.

Other compounds may also be used as starting materials, such as the corresponding alcohols and alkyl glycols, etc. This will not cause any significant changes in the way they are prepared. Similarly, instead of fatty acids, one can use the corresponding fatty acid chlorides. The compounds described in the benthenium can also be prepared by adding alkylene oxide directly to the fatty acid and then to the final alkyl primer. However, this method gives a small quantitative yield, since a large amount of polyalkyl benzoic esters is formed.

The alkyl glycols and alkyldiglycols used in this case are primarily methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and hexyl mono ethylene glycols or the corresponding diethylene glycols (monopropylene glycols and dipropylene glycols) were applied; in the middle of the alkyl group, these compounds are particularly preferred, since they are not deficient and provide compounds with excellent properties.

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can be used as fatty acids, however, unsaturated acids having from 1 to 5 double bonds are preferred because compounds prepared from them have a higher solubility, for example, in salty water, than Corresponding compounds prepared from saturated fatty acids (Acids. Unsaturated g: Acid acids can be obtained by separating carboxylic acids from tall oil by removing resinous oils or animal oils, such as herring oil or whale blubber. In addition to tall oil, the best vegetable oils available are palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, oil of sebaceous trees, and peanut oil. Examples of specific fatty acids that can be used - are in this case, are palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid.The most preferred from the point of view of toxicity are compounds based on unsaturated fat acids with -20-22 carbon atoms, to which 20-30 moles of ethylene oxide are added.

Only alumina or propylene oxide can be used as the alkoxylation agent. The total number of added propylene glycol blocks, however, should not be more than 40% of the number of ethylene glycol blocks, since a higher content makes the emulsifying agent insufficiently soluble in cold water. However, it is sometimes convenient to include smaller amounts of propylene glycol, since the melting point of the compounds can therefore be lowered.

The emulsifying agent in the case of necessity is dissolved, for example, in saline water to a concentration of from 0.5 to 50% by weight, after which

The said solution “anosites on (surface of water. Further mixing then) can be achieved by means of a screw of the vessel itself. In addition to water, the quality of the solvent can also be used as ethylene glycols or prapileplikolli, having an average molecular weight of 62-250. Among these glycols, m-ethylene glycol is particularly suitable, in part because of its good properties as a solvent for the emulsifier, their agents, and partly due to a significant lower frost point, which is desirable in winter conditions.

Example 1. In an autoclave, equipped with a stirrer and a device for cooling and heating, 134 g (1 mol) of ZT are introduced.

diethylene glycol ether and 2 g of NaOH, after which dry gaseous hydrogen is passed through the liquid at a temperature of 100 ° C for 30 minutes. It is then added over

2 hours 1100 g of ethylene oxide (25 mol), and the temperature of the support at ypOiBHe is 130 ° C. The cooled product is strewed with acetic acid to neutralize excess oil. The reactant liquid consists of a thickly ALMOST colorless paste having a pH value of 47. In a glass flask equipped with a stirrer and a heating jacket, 238 g (0.2 mol) of the product and 64 g (0.2 mol) of the technical mixture herring fat and lactic acid (unsaturated fatty acids having 20-22 carbon atoms) together with 1.6 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst, after which the mixture is maintained at 200 ° C for

3 hours when blowing dry hydrogen gas through it. The reaction product, the ethoxylated fatty acid of herring fat, has an acidity value of 5 and a solid point of 46 ° C.

25 wt. including this product is dissolved in omesi 21 wt. including ethylene glycol and 54 wt. h of water. It was found that this solution was mixed with seawater in any weight ratio, and it had a viscosity of 100 cmh at -15 ° C.

The ability to emulsify oil in ethoxylated fatty acid herring fat is examined by adding 7 wt. including the specified solution 1K 100000 weight. including sea water at - {- b C. Then, 1000 wt. h. fuel oil. Oil is engineered by rotating a cylinder about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cylinder. Then the cylinder is placed in a thermostat at, after 30 1min 30% of oil forms a free layer.

For comparison, the same test is carried out with a commonly used commercial emulsifying agent, consisting of 30% by weight of ester ether ethoxylated fatty acid in isopropanol and water. In this case, after 30 minutes, 65% of the oil forms a free layer.

The toxicity of the product described in the invention is investigated as follows: 7.5% is dosed into the aquarium, to which sea water is continuously added at + -8 ° C.

product solution in a polishing dosing pump, so that the concentration in aquarium water is 500 parts per thousand. Two cod fish weighing 150–200 g are placed in this aquarium. In addition to weak vomiting (after 53 hours), no other negative effects are observed in the fish, and after 96 hours the test is interrupted. In the corresponding test with the mention of m x mm eX ecm m em lggi ru yuSchI1M ageitom, which has low toxicity,

two fish die in 60 hours.

From the tests indicated, it follows that the product in question exhibits a very good ability to emulsify oil and low toxicity compared to previously used products.

Example 2. In the same manner as in Example 1, the substance (I) is prepared consisting of ethylethylene glycol oleic acid ester and 20 moles of ethylene oxide. The product obtained in this way, as was found, has a good ability to emulsify oil and has been tested for cod's identity in accordance with the method described in example L

For comparison, substance (II), consisting of ethylene glycol oleic acid ester and 10 moles of ethylene oxide, and substance (1P), consisting of equal parts of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, are used.

before; 10 moles of ethylene oxide per 1 1 mol of alcohol. The results of the experiments are given in the table.

40

45

 When the test was interrupted, after 96 hours, none of the fish was lost.

From these results, it is clear that the product (I) described in the invention is significantly less toxic than the closely related compounds (II) and (III). Pr im. 3

1 mol of isopropanol is introduced into an autoclave equipped with a baffle and a device for cooling and heating and subjected to interaction in the presence of alkali with 2 mol of propylene oxide at 180 ° C for 1 hour, after which 20 moles of ethylene oxide are added to the reactive mixture. and the mixture is kept at 140 ° C for additional

9. hour The resulting adduct ca; :: n PL.kylene is then re-regenerated with 1 MOH of palmitic acid under the same conditions as for the reaction of a mixture of technical herring oil and fatty acid in accordance with trimer 1, and the palmitic ester a is obtained. Ddukta isopropyl ether polyalkylene.

Pointed adduct is tested in the same manner as the compounds in Example 2, it is found that it has good emulsifying ability and the same low toxicity as product (I) in Larimer 2.

Example 4

In this example, 1 mol of phenol and 30 moles of ethylene oxide 1 react in oOH under the same conditions as in example 1. After that, the resulting product reacts with technical rapeseed fatty acid, i.e. a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids having from 18 to 22 carbon atoms. The resulting product was checked in the same manner as the compounds in Example 2, it has, as was found, an excellent emulsion | y) DIFFERENCE: and low toxicity.

PRI me R 5.

Method (Preparations according to P | Example 4 are repeated except that the phenol is replaced with an equivalent amount of cyclohexanol. The product obtained in this way is

In other words, P-2 is the same as in Compound 2/2. It also has a great e-mulching ability and low toxicity and CTb.

Example 6.

The Preparation method as described in Example 4 is repeated, except that the phenol is replaced with an equivalent amount of butanol and the amount of ethylene oxide is reduced to 25 moles. The product obtained in such a manner is tested in the same way as the compounds: in Example 2.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of emulsification of a hydrophobic liquid by mixing it with e (multifatoria, tl and h and with the fact that, with the aim of improving the emulsifying action, 0.5-50% aqueous and / or or glycol solution of a compound of the general formula KSOO (C „H2O) rK where R is alkyl or alkenyl Cis-Cgz; RI is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl n, 2 or 2 and 3; in the case of n, 2, and 3, the number of prapylene glycol chromiums is not more than 40% of the number of ethylene glycol groups 9 15-36.