SU50804A1 - The method of conservation, degreasing and preparation for tanning leather and furs of any conservation, as well as in pairs - Google Patents

Description

Existing methods of tanning leather and furs, as is known, provide for in the process of dressing, first, long-lasting sweeping of dry-dried and dry-salted leathers and furs, then gold and softening (for leather) or pickling (for furs) and then tanning.

Also known is the treatment of mole before to after tanning it with alcohol in order to dehydrate the mole. .

With the proposed method, raw materials, both fresh-dry and dry-salty, used for tanning leather and fur, are treated with alcohol and, after washing and other preliminary operations, are tanned after a mechanical warm-up operation.

In the proposed method, the skin or fur is treated with any alcohol (ethyl, methyl, isopropyl) desired by the nature of further concentration processes, for 1-2 hours, at normal temperature, in hermetically sealed stationary sludge

rotating apparatus at normal or variable pressure or vacuum.

These devices should be based on the principle of countercurrent in batteries. When air is removed from the skins by air, silica gel is used to absorb alcohol vapors using the Okatova method.

When this treatment occurs, the dehydration of the leather of the skins. The fabric becomes whitish and becomes soft. Fur skins treated in this way are subjected to mechanical operations: additional warm-up, pulling, grinding from the side of the bakhtarma and then going into tanning (if necessary).

In order to enhance the softening effect on the skin, caustic soda, etc., is introduced (if needed) into the spirit-water solution.

To remove hair from the skin, sodium sulphide, amines or thio compounds are added to an alcoholic water solution.

acting dehydrating at elevated temperatures.

The amount of hydrolyzing reactants added is determined by the degree of completeness of the cheek.

To achieve dehydration of the hides and simultaneous sterilization, their alcohol treatment of the skins can be performed with stepwise increasing concentrations also for the skins and furs of any preservation, for example, for ice cream, as well as paired hides with the addition of paradichlorobenzene, methaclorcresol, etc. or without them. The consumption of paradichlorobenzene can be, due to its solubility in alcohol, reduced against the usual at least ten times. After the alcohol treatment, the skins can be transferred to the warehouse, and for skins intended for leather goods, after the alcohol treatment, the wool can be mechanically removed.

Experiments have shown that microorganisms in the skin are not only on the surface, but also in the thickness of it. The proposed method kills these microorganisms and facilitates the storage of raw materials in the warehouse. Existing preservation methods either weaken the skin, either require a high consumption of chemicals for preservation, or take a lot of time to soak the skins in the leather industry and at the same time do not sterilize the hides. The treatment according to the proposed method is intended to achieve dewatering of the raw material and simultaneous sterilization thereof.

Fat removal from hides and furs is carried out in production, usually at various stages of the dressing process. The most successful degreasing processes are over dry skins or furs, but according to the production conditions, drying of skins and furs between operations is undesirable. Satisfactory methods of degreasing leather and fur in a wet form during the production process still do not exist.

The most appropriate is

removal of fats from leather and fur to

entering them into dressing.

With the proposed method, the degreasing of leather and fur in raw materials meets this task, since alcohols dissolve enough fat, fatty acids and lanolin for this.

Degreasing of raw materials occurs when processing with alcohol in a hermetically sealed apparatus for 1 to 2 hours under vacuum or without it. In special cases, benzene may be added to the alcohol. The used alcohol is regenerated; this produces valuable fat waste.

With this degreasing method, all preparatory operations of leather or fur production from soaking to tanning are simultaneously eliminated.

The proposed method of degreasing leathers and furs eliminates costly and long-term methods of degreasing them with clay, gasoline and the like.

As is known, the preparation of bread or ash cheese is carried out according to the scheme-soaking, baking or zolka, softening in sour, tanning, in the case of alum cheese, drying, warming up.

The process of dressing lasts from 15 to 24 days, is laborious, often unsanitary, but at the same time often does not provide adequate tensile strength of raw materials (raw materials give 15 KZJMM, and raw materials up to 10 KIJMM-).

The proposed method of making durable raw material is that fresh-dry and dry-salted, as well as wet-salted skins are directly treated with alcohol of various concentrations for 4 to 6 hours in a hermetically sealed apparatus.

With this treatment, no hydrolysis and loss of proteins of the dermis occurs, as a result of which the raw material produced in this way is particularly tough.

An alcohol-free skin is mechanically removed from it W: Hair and, if necessary, together with the face layer, using a shearing and duplicating or blanking machine. The skin is then moistened with water vapor, impregnated in the same apparatus with a 20-30% solution of fat in gasoline with the addition of a small amount of glycerin to liquid high-molecular-weight acid at a temperature of 30-40 ° C, and then gasoline is removed by blowing air during heating. .

After fattening, if necessary, the skin is subjected to mechanical warm-up.

With the described method of making durable cheese directly from raw hides, it also produces a degreased, conditioned wool.

The subject matter of the invention.

The method of preserving, degreasing and preparing for tanning leather and furs of any preservation, as well as in pairs, by treating them with alcohol, characterized in that, in order to eliminate the number of operations preceding to tanning (soaking, zolka, softener), the treatment with alcohol is subjected raw materials for leather and fur production.