SU50484A1 - Combustion chamber for internal combustion turbine - Google Patents

Description

The main disadvantages of steam engines and steam turbines are the need to install steam boilers and the relatively low efficiency factor of the entire installation.

Internal combustion turbines, theoretically, could have the maximum efficiency of all existing types of heat engines, but only if the turbine blades use gases from a burned mixture at a high temperature (close to the combustion temperature of the mixture between 1500 and 1700 °), however, turbines operating at such high temperatures are not yet technically feasible. Operating internal combustion turbines, when the temperature of the working gases, on turbine blades, are in the order of 400-450 °, give a coefficient of efficiency lower than conventional internal combustion engines.

In the proposed combustion chamber for the internal combustion turbine, the air heated by 40-50 atmospheres by a compressor due to the energy spent on compression and further heated (to a temperature of 500-550 °) is passed through a screw (spiral) channel located in close proximity with a combustion chamber, and supplied at considerable speed through the tube into the combustion space. In the same tube, near its exit into the combustion chamber, liquid or gaseous fuel is sucked in due to the rapid movement of air through the tube from an acute angle, relative to the direction of air flow in the tube, of another tube with a hole of smaller diameter.

Liquid or gaseous fuel, mixed with air heated to a temperature of 500-550 ° C, ignites and burns in the combustion chamber under high pressure.

In close proximity to the combustion chamber, parallel to the screw channel for heating the air, there is a second screw (spiral) channel jacket for cooling the combustion chamber due to the consumption of thermal energy for the evaporation of water.

The water pump pumps water into the high-pressure water chamber located around the two above-mentioned helical helical channels. In the water chamber, water is somewhat heated and supplied through a special tube to the second wine YOUR shirt channel, where the heat evaporates due to the combustible mixture recovered from the combustion and the vapors are heated to a temperature of 400-500 at high pressure.

The hot gases obtained from the burning of the combustible mixture come from the combustion chamber also into the second screw channel and are mixed with water vapor there.

Next, the working mixture, having a temperature of 400-500 ° C and consisting of water vapor mixed with combustion products, is directed at high pressure with sonly to the turbine blades, rotating the latter and producing work.

In FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a combustion chamber for a turbine of morning combustion; FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the horizontal section AB of FIG. one; FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. A. ; FIG. 4 is a top view of the CD of FIG. one; FIG. 5 is a plan view of EF of FIG. one.

Compressed air from the compressor is supplied through a tube / into the chamber 2 of compressed air, from where it is supplied for heating to a screw (spiral) channel 5 located around the combustion space 6 itself.

For supplying compressed heated air from channel 5 to the combustion chamber, 4 is provided with a tip 5 for adjusting the flow.

When air passes through the tube 4, liquid or gaseous fuel is sucked from the tank into the combustion chamber through the channels 6 at the same time.

The adjustment of the fuel supply to the combustion chamber is made by means of a crane 7.

Water is pumped from the pump into the high-pressure water chamber Yu by tube 9.

From the high-pressure water chamber 10, the water in the tube P is supplied to the second screw (spiral) channel-jacket 13, located in the same way as channel 5, around the actual combustion space 6;

in channel 13, the water is vaporized.

The valve 12 serves to regulate the flow of water into the channel 13. The mixture of steam and combustion products enters the nozzles 15 and is directed by them to the turbine blades.

The safety valve 16 serves in the event of too high a pressure in the air chamber 2. This valve, with too high a pressure in the air chamber, releases excess air not to the outside, but to the turbine elements, thus using the excess air pressure to operate the turbine.

To ignite the combustible mixture with a volt arc when starting the turbine, the air supplied to the combustion chamber is not heated enough, carbon electrodes 17 are used. burning for the purpose of contact of coals. One of the electrodes is isolated from the turbine housing.

From the poles of the battery, not indicated in the drawing, the conductors are connected to the turbine housing and the electrode insulated from the housing. Separate parts of the housing are connected by bolts, with asbestos gaskets 18 placed between them.

When starting the turbine, it is necessary to have compressed air in the high-pressure air chamber 2 (in low-power turbines it can be pumped by rotating the turbine connected by an appropriate transmission to the compressor), as well as fuel and water in the respective tanks.

Confirming the presence of fuel, water and compressed air, it is necessary, leaving the water valve 12 closed, open the air valve 5 and the fuel supply valve 7. Then push the buttons associated with the corners inside the combustion chamber in order to connect the coals to each other. Then the button should be slowly released so that a volt arc is formed inside the chamber between the coal, igniting the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber. After igniting the mixture, the turbine should be set in rotation, pumping air into the compressed air chamber, and wait until the combustion chamber and screw channels 3 and 13 are heated, without opening the water tap. After the channels 3 and / 5 and the combustion chamber have warmed up sufficiently, open the water tap 12, and then adjust the air, fuel and water supply with cranes in order to achieve an appropriate mode in the turbine operation.

The subject matter of the invention.

A combustion chamber for an internal combustion turbine, characterized in that around the actual combustion space 8 there are two screw (spiral) channels 3 and 73, from which compressed air is introduced through channel 3 flowing through pipe 4 into the combustion space with simultaneous suction of fuel from the channel 6, and through the channel 13 steam passes with the combustion products admixed to it from the space 5, which mixture is directed by the nozzles 15 to the turbine blades.

fig 2 fig 4