RU179513U1 - STEAM GAS GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventive steam and gas generator can be used both in power plants and independently. It can work with various types of fuel, while ensuring the constant output of the gas mixture at the outlet. At the same time, the working fluid involved in the work in any mechanisms and devices is formed by burning fuel and mixing combustion products with steam from a liquid heated in a steam generator installed in a combustion chamber. The technical result of this utility model is to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of a steam and gas generator by reducing the loss of thermal energy of the combusted fuel, which is diverted outside through the cooling system and together with the exhaust gases. Due to the fact that the process of formation of a gas-vapor mixture is controlled by a controller, it is possible to obtain a working fluid with various parameters in the combustion chamber, including with a different temperature, which is lowered not lower than the dew point.

Description

A steam-gas generator can be used in power plants, and also used to create an independent device for producing a gas-vapor mixture of high pressure and temperature in various required ranges.

In currently known installations, heat of combusted hydrocarbons is consumed:

1. the useful work of the installation;

2. for heating the mechanical parts of the installation;

3. for heating gases and combustion products emitted into the environment from this installation.

A technical solution is known for a steam and gas generator, which relates to internal combustion engines (ICE) and can be used in automobile, tractor, ship and stationary ICE. The invention provides an increase in the rate of vaporization during the injection of water into the exhaust manifold and an increase in the enthalpy of combustion products.

(19) RU, (11) 2338914, (13) C2, (21), (22) Application: 2005137879/06, 12/05/2005, (51) IPC F02G 5/02 (2006.01), F02B 47/02 (2006.01 ) F02B 37/00 (2006.01), (72) Author (s): Egorov Alexey Vasilievich (RU), Egorov Vasily Nikolaevich (RU), Kudryavtsev Igor Arkadievich (RU), (73) Patentee (s): Egorov Alexey Vasilievich ( RU), Egorov Vasily Nikolaevich (RU), Kudryavtsev Igor Arkadevich (RU), (54) Internal combustion engine.

This ICE can also be considered as a steam and gas generator used in vehicles.

This invention is indicated among analogues, since this patented device has common essential features with the features found in the claimed device: this is the presence of combustible fuel and its combustion products; the presence of a water supply pipeline, which is equipped with a heat regenerator of fuel combustion products; superheated steam or water that is injected into the fuel combustion products.

The disadvantage of this engine is the low efficiency resulting from the fact that large heat losses occur in it, because ICE combustion chamber is not thermally insulated. The gas-vapor mixture has a very high temperature and is not completely utilized.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is RU (11), 2126490 (13), C1, (51) IPC ⁶ , F02C 3/30, (72) Author (s): J. Lyell Ginter (US), (73) Patent holder ( i): J. Lyell Ginter (US), (54) Internal combustion engine, method of engine operation and continuous supply of the working fluid, where this internal combustion engine operates under high pressure. The steam and gas generator, which is part of this engine, is a combustion chamber, which is placed in a chamber into which air is pumped, which cools the walls of the combustion chamber, into which air, fuel and water are supplied. The resulting vapor-gas mixture is a working fluid, consisting of a mixture of compressed unused components of air, combustion products of fuel and steam that are formed in the internal combustion chamber. The device uses a combustion regulator, which is configured to control the liquid supply means and the fuel supply means in the combustion process. In this case, the weight of the injected liquid is approximately two or more times the weight of the injected fuel, due to which the mass of the working fluid is increased to maintain the average temperature in accordance with the required operating temperature of the working engine, and the combustion chamber is configured to burn at least 40% compressed air. According to the inventions, the working fluid is delivered at a constant pressure and temperature.

The disadvantages of this steam and gas generator are the insufficiently high efficiency due to the fact that the temperature of the gas mixture at the outlet of the gas and steam generator is high, as well as the fact that the combustion of the fuel occurs in a mixture with the vapor supplied to the combustion chamber of the evaporated liquid, as a result of which the fuel does not completely burn and, accordingly, the fuel will not give up all of its internal energy, lowering the efficiency of the installation.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution for a gas and steam generator (first embodiment)

- increasing the efficiency of the steam and gas generator due to the complete combustion of the fuel and obtaining the gas mixture with the maximum specific gravity from the products of combustion of this fuel and the liquid injected into the combined cycle plant.

This result was obtained due to the fact that the gas-vapor mixture is formed in the exhaust manifold of the combustion chamber under optimal conditions created under the control of the controller for fuel combustion and heat exchange of the combustion products of this fuel with injected liquid or injected superheated steam.

Description of the steam and gas generator

The steam and gas generator includes a working pressure compressed air reducer and a combustion chamber with a steam generator built into it, interconnected via compressed air bypass channels and compressed air bypass windows, while at least:

one fuel injection nozzle;

one device for igniting fuel (electric coils, candles, lasers);

one heat exchanger for the supplied fluid;

one heat exchanger for supplied fuel;

heat exchangers for the supplied liquid and the supplied fuel are installed (built in) in the housing of the combustion chamber, they will take part of the heat from the housing of the combustion chamber to increase their internal energy and will help protect the housing from overheating.

one superheated steam heat exchanger-generator with at least one liquid or superheated steam injection nozzle, with a controlled valve for superheated steam or liquid, it is preferable to install two liquid or superheated steam injection nozzles so that the injected liquid vapors are cleaned of combustion products fuel heat exchanger for the supplied fluid;

temperature and pressure sensors are installed in the manifolds: the bypass manifold of compressed air, the bypass manifold of the vapor-gas mixture, as well as in the combustion chamber.

a fuel injection nozzle and a fuel ignition device are installed in the combustion chamber, which can be either a spiral of ignition, or a spark plug of a mixture, or a laser ignition device of the mixture; a steam generator, which is a heat exchanger in the form of a pipeline with a large surface area. The superheated steam heat exchanger-generator can be connected to the high-pressure liquid pump through an automatic non-return valve and may have fins increasing its area for heat transfer intensity.

When installing this steam and gas generator in a power plant, the steam and gas generator will be connected through at least one bypass compressed air manifold to the compressed air receiver, and with the input of the vapor-gas mixture receiver through at least one bypass vapor-gas mixture collector.

Steam and gas generator consists of

1 - casing of a steam generator

2 - collectors of compressed air.

3 - reducer of compressed air working pressure.

4 - temperature sensor in the bypass manifold of compressed air.

5 - pressure sensor in the bypass manifold of compressed air.

6 - bypass manifold of compressed air.

7 - bypass windows of the compressed air of the combustion chamber.

8 - combustion chambers

9 - heat exchanger for supplied fuel

10 - fuel injection nozzles.

11 - fuel ignition devices (electric coils, candles, lasers).

12 - pipeline or channel for the supply of evaporated liquid.

13 - high pressure pump for evaporated liquid.

14 - check valve for evaporated liquid.

15 - heat exchanger for the supplied fluid.

16 - heat exchanger-generator of superheated gas.

17 - nozzles with a controlled valve for superheated steam or liquid.

18 - window bypass high-temperature gas or gas mixture.

19 - bypass manifold steam-gas mixture

20 - temperature sensor in the combustion chamber.

21 - pressure sensor in the combustion chamber ..

22 - temperature sensor in the bypass manifold of the vapor-gas mixture.

23 - pressure sensor in the bypass manifold of the vapor-gas mixture.

24 - controller

Steam generator works as follows (figure 1).

Compressed chilled air from the compressor through the manifold of compressed air 2 enters the compressed air reducer of working pressure 3, which is controlled by controller 24 based on the readings of temperature sensors 4 and pressure 5 installed in the bypass manifold of compressed air 6. Further, this air already under the necessary pressure enters the combustion chamber 8, moving in it in a spiral (vortex-like), due to the bypass windows 7 installed at an angle to the combustion chamber (Fig. 2). Fuel under pressure injected through the fuel injection nozzle 10 into the combustion chamber 8, mixing with the incoming air from the bypass windows 7, forms a fuel mixture. Further, this fuel mixture is ignited from the ignition device 11 (spark plug, ignition coil, laser device), burns in the volume of the combustion chamber 8. The spiral (vortex) movement of the combustion mixture, carried out due to the kinetic energy of compressed air, contributes to efficient and complete combustion of fuel and efficient heat exchange with the superheated gas heat exchanger-generator 16. The superheated steam heat exchanger-generator 16 having a large heat exchange area in the combustion chamber 8 provides intensive transfer heat from high-temperature products of burning fuel for heating the liquid in it and its evaporation. The heat exchanger-generator of superheated steam 16 will limit the maximum temperature in the combustion chamber 8, which helps to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products.

After complete combustion of the fuel and absorption by the liquid in the heat exchanger-generator of superheated steam 16, part of the heat from the high-temperature combustion products of the fuel is generated, these products under high pressure formed through the bypass window 18 will spiral (due to the spiral-shaped configuration of the window) to move to the exhaust manifold of the gas-vapor mixture 19, where they will be mixed with superheated steam leaving the nozzle 17 of the heat exchanger-generator 16. The nozzle can be installed both after the bypass window 18 and eposredstvenno before him. The bypass window 18 has a shape that provides a spiral (creates a swirl) movement of the resulting vapor-gas mixture, which contributes to its intensive mixing and the vapor-gas mixture acquires a uniform temperature structure.

The amount of atmospheric air, fuel injected into the combustion chamber, and liquid injected into the manifold of the gas-vapor mixture will be set and controlled by the controller 24, providing the ratio necessary for the formation of the gas-vapor mixture. The process of formation of a gas-vapor mixture after turning on the gas-vapor generator occurs in a constant mode. It is preferable to install more than one nozzle for injecting liquid or superheated steam 17, while arranging them so that the injected liquid vapors clean the heat exchanger of the supplied liquid 16 from the fuel combustion products, which will facilitate its more efficient heat exchange with high-temperature gases of the burned fuel.

Claims (10)

1. The steam and gas generator includes a combustion chamber with an air duct connected to it and a fuel supply pipe with a nozzle, an ignition device, also includes a steam generator with a liquid supply pipe, while a vapor-gas mixture is formed at its output, while the steam and gas generator has temperature and pressure sensors connected to the controller, characterized in that the steam and gas generator additionally has a working pressure compressed air reducer, the input of which is connected to the input ollektorom compressed air; the steam generator is a heat exchanger-generator in the form of a pipeline for the supplied liquid, which has at the end of at least one nozzle with a valve for releasing superheated steam or liquid. 2. The steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger for the supplied liquid is connected to the high pressure liquid pump through an automatic check valve. 3. The steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber is thermally insulated from the inside. 4. The steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger-generator of superheated steam has fins that increase its area for the intensity of heat transfer. 5. The steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel ignition device is made in the form of an electric coil. 6. The steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition device is made in the form of a spark plug of the mixture. 7. Steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition device is made in the form of a laser. 8. The steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature and pressure sensors are installed in the combustion chamber, as well as in the bypass manifold of compressed air and the bypass manifold of the vapor-gas mixture. 9. Steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber housing has a heat exchanger for heating the supplied liquid. 10. Steam and gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber housing has a heat exchanger for heating the supplied fuel.

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