SU48215A1 - Separation method for vapor mixtures - Google Patents

Description

Two methods are commonly used to separate the components of azeotropic mixtures:

1. Disassembly under vacuum (in which complete separation is not possible).

2. Disassembly using the third substance.

The proposed method differs from the above in that it involves the use of a third substance — not a liquid, but a solid adsorbent, the main purpose of which is to separate the molecular aggregates of the components of azeotrol mixtures as a result of the selectivity of adsorption.

The aim of the invention is a simpler and easier implementation of azeotropic mixture separation on a large production scale.

Naturally, the described method of separation of azeotropic mixtures is only a particular example of the general method of separation of many gas mixtures.

The technical and economic advantages of the method described are as follows:

i. The method makes it possible to bring the complete or almost complete separation of the components of azeotropic mixtures without the need to create a high vacuum or a complex and for most cases not developed distillation process using a third substance.

2. Absence of need for difficult equipment.

3. Low energy consumption — evaporation of the azeotropic mixture and desorption of the adsorbed components.

4. The simplicity of the method and the relative difficulty of developing distillation conditions for a particular azeotropic mixture.

The method consists in evaporating the azeotropic mixture using air or any inert gas and passing a high concentration gas-vapor mixture (in the case of an air-vapor mixture, the concentration must be higher than the upper explosive limit) through successively connected adsorbers filled with solid adsorbents.

As a result of the appearance of the adsorption forces of the adsorption selectivity, the molecular complexes are destroyed, the mixture adsorbed in the first adsorber is enriched with the more easily adsorbed component A. Difficultly adsorbed component B accumulates in the second adsorber.

Saturation ceases at the moment component A breaks through behind the first adsorber.

In the second adsorber there is only component B, which is desorbed by any of the known methods. The first adsorber contains a mixture of components A and B, enriched with easily adsorbed component A.

Full separation of component B is achieved by passing component A vapor through the first adsorber.

The last feature is characteristic of this method.

After a very limited period of time, only one component A remains in the first adsorber, which is desorbed by any method. The vapor mixture exiting the adsorber when component B is displaced is passed to the first adsorber of another unit operating in the saturation phase.

Example. By passing the mixture of alcohol 44VO -} - benzene 56% through active granular carbon, the production of 10-150 / 0-1-benzene alcohol 90-185% in the first adsorber was achieved, and in the second adsorber pure alcohol.

By passing the vapor of the benzene through the first adsorber, saturated with the mixture above, almost complete displacement of the alcohol was achieved, since after desorption it was obtained

mixture: benzene 99-100% + alcohol 1 -0%. At the same time, the consumption of benzene (for the displacement of alcohol residues from the first adsorber) was 5–6 kg per 1 kg of the alcohol displaced.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for separating vapor mixtures using adsorption with a solid adsorbent in several adsorbers connected in series, characterized in that after saturating the first adsorber, the most easily adsorbed component A through the adsorber blows the vapor of the pure named component A to replace the sorbed vapors more difficult to sorb components and then component A is stripped in the usual way. 2. Use the method of claim 1 to separate azeotropic mixtures of liquids with a preliminary; evaporating them in a gas stream.