SU45547A1 - Coal activation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the field of producing activated carbons, which are known to be of very great importance in various fields of technology.

Among others, a number of methods for producing activated carbon, absorbing or bleaching, by treating various carbonaceous substances at high temperatures with so-called activating gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc., are well known.

In some of these ways things are. Carbon-containing materials are enclosed in vessels with porous walls around which high temperature gases are forced to circulate, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, chlorine, gas-generating gas, flue gases from the outbreaks, etc., and the treatment may be continuous or batch, and the substance to be treated can be lowered into the apparatus to activate either under the influence of gravity or under the action of various driving mechanisms.

The porosity of the walls is due to the effect that the substance containing carbon is retained in an atmosphere of appropriate composition, which has significantly pain (216)

more reactive than the outside air, and capable of selectively oxidizing the inactive portions of the carbonaceous matter, without affecting the already formed activated carbon.

Practical implementation of these methods is made difficult by gradual contamination of the walls or porous diaphragms from the effects of ash having a high temperature. Since this ash produces in all places of contact or friction more or less polished the wall, the porosity decreases rapidly and the diffusion of gases slows down.

On the other hand, it is known that the result of diffusion and activation, obtained from the use of porous diaphragms, can be equally achieved by means of walls made of impermeable material, but supplied with narrow drilled channels (see French Pat. No. 628621 of April 15, 1926 ).

Although the drilled walls are a known improvement, they still do not completely eliminate the contamination with the ashes of the material being processed. Indeed, in those

In cases where the drilled holes are very narrow, ash sooner or later clogs these holes.

The inventors came to the conclusion that these and other disadvantages can be eliminated by the fact that the channels drilled in the wall will be given a special shape, and also by the fact that the very shape of the walls will be changed.

The attached drawing shows, as an example, various forms of carrying out the invention; these forms allow diffusion of the activating gas, so to speak, in the very depths of the mass being processed, while avoiding the risk of slowing diffusion due to ash on the walls,

FIG. 1 and 2 show in plan and in vertical section a portion of the refractory wall in which a large number of cylindrical channels are drilled with a very small diameter (for example, a few millimeters), which allow diffusion between the carbonaceous matter in space I and high gas temperature circulating in space 2. These channels have a sufficient slope in order to avoid penetration of carbon mass into them.

FIG. 3, 4 and 5 are depicted in plan, in horizontal and vertical sections, a modification which consists in replacing cylindrical holes a by elongated holes L of very small thickness (several millimeters and, moreover, also inclined.

FIG. B and 7 depict vertical and horizontal sections of the part of the wall in which the elongated holes C end at the cuts or truncations b made on the inner surface of the said wall.

Due to the proper shape of each of the C carbon shears, the mass is located within these cuts at an angle of repose of the bulk bodies. Thus, activating gases, having spread inside the holes C, can penetrate into the carbonaceous mass through the entire surface corresponding to the angle of repose.

FIG. 8 and 9 are shown in plan, and FIG. 10 vertical incision arrangement, called „with visors.

Bricks in the form of a visor d are located inside the retorts or chambers containing the material to be processed, and under each visor are drilled channels d, similar to the channels in FIG. 1 and 2 and serving for the diffusion of gases. It is clear that these channels do not prevent any contamination, since they are completely protected from the scattering material above.

All of the above types of walls are given only as examples and it goes without saying that the invention applies to all modifications or improvements that follow the same principles and serve to communicate to the promoted walls used in gas-activated devices for maximum process flow. diffusion.

The mode of operation of new devices is easy to understand.

“The total pressure on one side and the other side of the perforated wall is the same or almost the same, but there is a significant difference in the partial pressures of each of the gases forming the atmosphere in space / surrounding the carbon mass, on the one hand, and an atmosphere in space 2 formed from activating gases, on the other hand, and these partial pressures are proportional to the content of the individual components of each mixture.

Indeed, due to the chemical means, each gas on one and the other side of the wall is in a different proportion; Thus, carbon dioxide and water vapor introduced into the atmosphere 2 diffuse through the drilled holes and, in contact with the carbon mass, are reduced carbon monoxide and hydrogen; due to such decomposition of carbonaceous gas and water vapor, their total pressure is almost zero in space 2. And these pairs continuously flow inside the activation chamber, between carbon monoxide and hydrogen rushing: out.

In order to apply the laws of diffusion of gases, it is naturally necessary to observe a certain proportion between length and diameter

go through the width of the channels drunk; indeed, if the width were too large, convection currents would appear in these channels, as a result of too free circulation of gases, and these movements would cause a breakdown in the diffusion process and, therefore, would cause improper activation.

Holes drilled according to FIG. 1-7, are very well suited for chambers or retorts, having the shape of pipes with a cross-section round, elliptical or polygonal, and arranged vertically or obliquely inside the furnaces next to each other. The material to be activated is placed in these chambers, and the activating gases with high temperature, mixed with or without flue gases, circulate around the outer walls of the chambers in specially arranged rooms.

You can also apply a reverse arrangement, namely, to change the direction of the slope of the holes and force the gases to circulate inside the pipes, and the carbon mass then fills the impermeable space formed by the stove with the meanness. In both cases, the process may be continuous or periodic. In its upper part, the furnace ends with a charging funnel, and in the lower part, with an unloading hole, under which a closed container is placed, which serves as an awl for the cooling time of the collected activated carbon.

Activation chambers can also take the form of a parallelepiped, in which the height and length would be approximately several meters, and the distance between the side walls a few centimeters. These side walls are provided with openings of one of the main types shown in FIG. 1-7.

To create an activation chamber, the sides of the wall elements, which in the drawings correspond to the space /, are occupied by a mass, are placed against each other and at an appropriate distance. For example, in the case of walls with cuts or truncations (Figs. B and 7), the sides with cuts are placed opposite one another and, moreover, so that the installation corresponds to Figs. b, i.e.

in order to create slopes in sections under the protrusions, the chambers are located near and thus the sides of the walls corresponding to the spaces 2. occupied by flue gases or activating gases, lie opposite each other.

A gap of a few centimeters, left to the core by the drains of each activation chamber, makes room for the circulation of the activating gas with a high temperature / ray mixed with or without flue gases.

Devices with visors are also suitable for the aforementioned use. In the case of tubular activation chambers, the visors are placed horizontally inside them, for example, in diameter, if the tube is cylindrical.

If cameras in the shape of a parallelepiped are used, then, according to the invention, canopies can be arranged in a checkerboard pattern, as shown in FIG. 9.

Such an arrangement makes it possible, thanks to the provided openings at the ends of the chambers, to clean, if necessary, the visors, if the slag formed prevents the lowering of the carbonaceous mass.

The operation of furnaces having parallelepiped-shaped chambers is also either continuous or discontinuous. In both cases, each of the chambers ends at its top with a feed funnel; however, one funnel can also be used to load several consecutive chambers.

The described devices are suitable for activating various carbonaceous materials by means of commonly used activating gases. These gases can be overheated before their entry into the furnace by means of superheaters or heat exchangers or can be heated by mixing them with the flue gases of ordinary heating. The material to be processed can be either in the form of a raw material, or semi semi-carbonized, or carbonized completely, agglomerated or not, and it can also be pretreated by various impregnations, which serve to improve the activating effect of gases.

It should be noted that there are no obstacles to using carbonaceous substances that are very ash, since, thanks to the invention, ash does not affect the contamination or polishing of drilled diaphragms.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for activating coal by diffusing an activating gas into a cavity with activated carbon through channels of not large dimensions that prevent convection currents, which channels are made in the wall separating the cavity with coal from the cavity with flowing activating gas, characterized in that the activation process in a vessel whose walls have the aforementioned channels inclined to the vertical plane and inclined into the cavity with coal. 2. A method of carrying out the method of claim I, characterized in that the channels have a slit shape with or without a cut With (Fig. 4-6). 3. In the aforementioned paragraphs. 1 and 2, use shields in the form of visors installed in cavities for angles above the openings of the channels in order to prevent the corners from contacting the openings of the channels (Fig. 8-10). FigZPigZFmg: 4 ih: fl , / -; f Shch2 L |; 4. rl j3 Fig5 Fig7. FIG