SU419A1 - Device for biological treatment of wastewater - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a & sewage treatment, and its subject is a device for such treatment, in which waste water, carrying floating, suspended and dissolved organic and mineral compounds, is sequentially subjected to the following operations: 1) release from suspended and fatty substances, 2) an oxidative aerobic process in a biological filter, and 3) disinfection and clarification. In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the entire device; FIG. 2 is a cross-section of it in part B of FIG. one; FIG. 3-plan installation; FIG. 4 is a cross-section of part C of FIG. 1 and 3; FIG. 5 and 6 parts of the grease catcher; FIG. 7 - vertical section and disinfector plan; FIG. 8 is a rear view, partly in section, of an apparatus for evenly distributing a liquid through an oxidizing filter; FIG. 9, also on the side: FIG. 10 is a top view of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 8 and 9 when removing the drum. The proposed biological treatment plant consists of the following sections: a) a receiving pool .45 with filters and devices for trapping fatty substances; b) septic pool //; c) Sig oxidative filter of clarifying filters J4, JJ. The wastewater enters through the pipe / into compartment A, which has the form of a shallow well, where the largest heavy parts, for example, stone, sand, broken glass, etc., are inserted into the perforated vessel 2. The wastewater then enters the compartment B. The latter consists of two parts: 1) the upper one in the form of a gutter with filters and 2) the lower one, representing the septic basin, communicating with the upper gutter only by small elongated hatches with traffic jams. The entire chute is divided along two symmetrical halves for the case of cleaning, which is performed without stopping the operation of the station. The water enters the gutter compartments j and j, through which they pass at a speed of 2 to 4 m / m. per second. Here, large suspended particles are deposited on the bottom of the gutter, which sometimes from time to time, opening the plugs of the manholes, lower the pyramidal bottom of the septic tank through the holes to the back, where they are rotting. Such a descent of accumulating sediments from all the branches of the gutter is useful in that with it the process of rotting the sediment is separated from the process of mechanical filtration and the putrefaction processes do not develop in the water being cleaned. The gases that develop in the septic tank are diverted through the manholes O (Fig. 3) to the exhaust pipes to the outside. Due to the anaerobic process of rotting, the amount of precipitation in the septic tank decreases by a factor of 2-3; decayed sediment yi is pumped out by pump 14 (at an underground station) or (at an above-ground station) discharged through pipe 72 to well 13 (Fig. 2), from where it is already removed to its destination (on the floor, to landfills, to briquetting, etc.) . With large installations, in order not to make large septic tanks, the sediment is directly drained from the gutter to sandy floors, where it is simply mineralized or briquetted for fertilization and incineration. From the compartment / water flows from the bottom upwards into the flush twigging filter 6, which retains the weighted average parts. The direction of water movement from bottom to top is important because, because of this, filters are less likely to clog. After a twig filter, water is passed through the so-called grease trap 7 (Figures 1, 5 and 6). The removal of fatty substances from water is necessary because the latter are harmful to the work of the oxidation filter: by clogging and enveloping its pores, they fill free spaces and contribute to the development of putrefactive processes in them. Fat trapping takes place on corrugated ceramic or metal plates with protrusions arranged to meet each other (Fig. 5 and 6). A jet of liquid flowing between these sheets, the exit from the narrow gap between the protrusions, then falls into a wide space between it decreases, and forms annular fatty substances and depositing them on the walls of the plates. two heatable filters: 8 from a large one, from 12 to 25 m / m., a porous material, and 9 from a small one, from 3 to 15 m / m. Through these filters, as in the filter made of brushwood, the wastewater passes at a speed not exceeding 4 m / m. The amount of water that can immediately flow in large quantities. moves into part C and enters the chute / o, and from there, via the automatically regulating siphon i8 (Fig. 3), into the distribution chute i6, where all the time is maintained at a certain level. From this trough i6, water is siphoned into the switchgear ij and evenly spreads over the surface of the oxidation filter. Proper and uniform distribution of the liquid over the surface of the oxidizer is a very important and essential condition for the success of the filter. According to the invention, the distributor Ij (FIGS. 8, 9, and 10) is a filling wheel or drum d, provided around the circumference with spraying brushes e attached to the edges of the blades. The axis of the drum / ends lies on the rims of the wheels Y, which roll on rails p. The axes of these wheels / are supported by moving up and down in frames and bearings. Interconnected frames and standing on 4 rollers running along rails. The bearings are equipped with levers with counterweights, which, in their vertical position, do not allow the bearing bearings, thus preventing the wheels / on which the drum rests, from becoming on the rails. At the top of the slopes of the frame n, a distribution pipe c is strengthened, which has to evenly distribute water over the blades of the drum from below the comb s, with recesses where the speed of it is immediately waves that contribute to the release. Freed from the fat, the wastewater passes successively every second. Both the chute and the septic tank have protruding edges so that they can be temporarily enlarged. Then the waste fluid from the filter and on the top is a longitudinal slot provided with teeth along the edges. At one end of the pipe with is a receiving cup, into which the end of the siphon 6 enters, supplying water from trough i6. The siphon b is supported by the float h, and its tilting is eliminated by the guides of the city. Siphoi b is fitted at the outlet end of the cap t, which serves to stop the siphon when the drum goes down. The cap is actuated with a load lever. The operation of the distributor is as follows. The water siphon B passes into the distribution pipe c, spreads evenly along the blade of the drum and causes it, by its weight of gravity, to rotate around an axis and move along the rails using the wheels j. The rails are laid with a slope of 0.5 to the sazhen, and the distributor of gravity of water rises up the hill, evenly irrigating the filter with a layer of liquid from 5 to 10 millimeters. When the distributor reaches the top, the wheels / run into the turning parts / rails, raise the drum and sub-carriers i in the frame to a certain height, as a result of which the lever g with the load on the end is able to stand upright and remain in it, keeping the drum on weight . At the same time, the wheels Y reach the stops x on the latches} and retract the latches y from the rails /, as a result of which the latter fall, allowing the drum to roll down on the rollers k. At the same moment, the regulating load / siphon B moves with a push on the buffer and raises the cap, the water level in which is compared with the level in the trench, as a result of which the water spilling on the drum stops. The apparatus, having reached the opposite end of the rail, again strikes the buffer with a weight t, the rocker supporting the hood lowers the latter, and the lever g, hindering the obstacle (buffer), hits it and lowers the distributor on the rails. up the hill, spill the liquid over the oxidizer. The oxidizing filter, to which water is sprayed by the distributor, has the shape of a long rectangular case. Its length depends on the daily volume of water entering the station, and the cubic content of the filtering material reaches its threefold capacity. The filter is loaded with a porous, preferably non-heat-conducting material (coke, sclake, brushwood, etc.) and is divided by horizontal grate 28 into three compartments 2i located one above the other, each 0.25 soot height. Each such filter compartment has two different layers of filter material: in the upper layer to a depth of 0.05 carbon black. it contains grains with a particle size from 1 to 5 m / m, and in the lower one - to a depth of 0.2 sazh. - with a particle size from 1 to 15 m / m. In order for the separation layers not to move between themselves, the grate bars and the filter walls are covered with a small layer of brushwood or metal grilles. This filter device achieves: 1) access of oxygen to any point of the filter, so that the filter works with all its parts, leaving no room for developing putrefactive processes: 2) ease of plundering the upper small layers of each compartment, and 3) adding fresh filter material through the grate space. In order not to stop the operation of the filter-oxidizer, during its cleaning, etc., it is divided into two or several parts by vertical walls of o. The task of maintaining the air temperature at 20-25 ° C., The most convenient for the filter, requiring fresh air of a certain temperature, is carried out by the heater ji, where the daily amount of fuel is loaded immediately, which automatically goes to the grate as it burns. The combustion products are carried away through the exhaust pipe // and the air is heated, which, coming from the outside through pipes 2 / under the distribution plate 24 (Fig. 4), washes the pipe // passing under the bottom the entire length of the filter, and then through the holes between the cover 2j and the concrete floor passes between the grate under the bottom of the filter, washes the sides and goes out through the slots, above

the upper surface of the filter, the aerator and the heat from the drum-sprayed liquid. Passing the filter, the waste water on the slope of the floor flows along the chute to the filter illuminator m.

If an epidemic occurs in the surrounding area to destroy pathogenic bacteria, cholera, typhoid, dysentery, Siberian ulcers, etc., which are not killed in a biological way, the water is subjected in compartment D to bleach, which takes an average of 1 bucket per 10,000 buckets of waste liquid . Bleaching lime is diluted with clean water and then dripping onto a stream of liquid into the chute J2 from the disinfector jc /, and stagnant in the JJ compartment from 2 to 8 hours to kill the bacteria. The release of the chlorine solution from the disinfector J9, which is shown in detail in FIG. 7, is regulated by a capillary tap. The disinfector consists of vessel j, the bottom of which is made in the form of an overturned funnel a, from which the tube b goes to the top with the box from the bottom. Before bleeding, drop of lime into the gutter j2 passes through the filter layer of glass wool in the box with and through the siphon, which forms the% of outer tube b to the inner tube ({from which it is discharged through an adjustable faucet). heavy parts of the water are deposited at the bottom, light parts float to the top, and weighted parts of one specific weight with water must be filtered through glass wool. This prevents the capillary valve from clogging and the siphon device ensures an even fluid supply.

The water, purified and disinfected, passes from bottom to top through the lighting filters J4 with gravel grain size to /, and sand j /, and can be lowered through the pipe jj to the absorbing well or to the corresponding reservoir.

SUBJECT OF INVENTION.

1) A device for the biological treatment of wastewater, characterized by the combined use of: a) receiving

AB basin with filters and accessories for trapping fatty substances; b) a septic basin // located under the reception room and communicating with it through closed hatches; c) an oxidizing filter C consisting of separate layers of filter material supported by grinders and irrigated by means of a drum / 7 rotating and rolling along the rails with air inflow through pipes 2 from below, and d) lighting filters J4, JSt with an exhaust pipe J7 ( Fig. 1, 2, 3).

2) With the use of the device for trapping the fatty substances of wavy ceramic or metal plates (see Fig. 5 and 6), as indicated in claim 1.

3) With the device indicated in paragraph 1, the use of a liquid distributor on an oxidizing filter, characterized in that the axis of the filling wheel or drum d, provided with spraying brushes e on the blades, lies on the wide rims of the wheels / whose axes are supported by moving up and down frames and pivots / fitted with levers with counterweights g serving to lift the pivots of the wheels / when they reach the props X with snaps y engaging the turning parts of the rails /, so that the trolley rolls back on the slope k, and the drum is supported by sub-supports on the weight, without touching the wheels of the rails p (Fig. 8, 9 and 10).

4) When indicated in item 3 of the dispenser, an attachment of a device for the inflow of the treated liquid coming through channel i6, consisting of a siphon b, supported by the float A, with guides r, and fitted on the outlet end with a cap controlled by a lever with a load / and closing the siphon so that when the wheels are lifted U the distributor leaks water into the pipe c stops and resumes when reaching the opposite end of the path due to a deflection of the lever with a load /, at the same time the levers g also hit the wheels when hitting the buffer and the distributor y is run down the rails for running in the opposite direction (Fig. 8 and 9). 5) With the use of the device specified in item 1 for heating the air entering the oxidation filter, the heater ji a with exhaust pipe m / washed by air flowing through pipe 2 / (Figs. 1 and 4). 6) With the use of the device specified in paragraph 1 of the device for adding to the water in the chute j2 a bleach solution consisting of a jc vessel with a funnel bottom, on the top of which is a box with glass wool, fitted with a pipe 6, and with in it the exhaust pipe d with an adjustable valve / (Fig. 1 and 7).

t.

R | ,one

 "A | y t

  gtzl «i

 p q /