SU40847A1 - Collapsible building - Google Patents

Description

The subject matter of the present invention is a collapsible building consisting of individual manufactured parts, which can be assembled at the construction site as soon as possible.

The applicant believes that from the factory-made, standardized elements described it is possible to construct buildings of any size and height in the simplest ways and in the shortest possible time. It is also easy to subsequently expand or disassemble an existing building.

Each building element consists, first, of a frame, which is preferably made of iron or steel. These frames during assembly constitute the structural frame and skeleton of the building. Frames can be filled with a relatively light, but durable heat insulating material. Due to this, a great economy is achieved not only with respect to the material itself, but also with respect to the volume and weight of the masses to be moved and transported.

In order to achieve easy and speedy installation of each system, the ITEL element is provided in all four corners of its frame with a special shape with connecting lugs that look like remote loops. These ears fit in the same way.

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the lugs of the adjacent building elements, and a tightening bolt with a nut serves to connect the external loops from two or more building parts in one corner. To counteract the lateral pressure and shear assembled from construction elements of the building, a corridor with two side walls and reinforced struts from the bottom, at the corners, is used as a ceiling shield. This corridor is adjacent to at least one of its longitudinal sides, or to both (one against the other) room chambers, which in turn have ceiling panels and no less than one outer wall. These basic elements of the building, consisting of wall and roof parts, are basic blocks, and it is important to note that they are open in the direction transverse to the axis of the corridor from the side of the latter, and therefore it is possible to create a room of any length.

The accompanying drawing shows an exemplary embodiment and details of the subject matter of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a block made up of one corridor and two room chambers; this is the so-called-whole main unit; FIG. 2 gives an intersecting view of the so-called half main unit, consisting of one corridor and only one room chamber; FIG. 3 shows, in perspective, a combination of half and whole main blocks, forming several floors and a horizontal projection of this combination; FIG. 4 shows, also in perspective, separate parts of the whole main unit prior to its assembly; FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the frame elements, their reinforcement and struts; FIG. 6 shows in perspective one upper corner of the corridor chamber, bottom view; FIG. 7 shows, in perspective, room chambers and corridors in two floors at the time of assembly; FIG. 8 shows in perspective a multi-storey building with a staircase, windows and doors, as well as the installation of transverse walls for the construction of various sizes of rooms, balconies and terraces; FIG. 9 is a schematic connection of half and whole main blocks in horizontal and vertical directions for buildings of various sizes.

The corridor chamber of the whole main unit has, according to FIG. 1, two wall shields a and one ceiling shade b, which is provided with a cross strut from below. When mounted, this strut fits with its protrusions to the uprights of the wall panels a, which in turn are reinforced in the upper corners, as shown in FIG. 5. Thus, the main unit is provided from shear in the transverse direction. Fl wall shields: at the same time they form internal longitudinal walls of two opposing room chambers. which, moreover, have one outer wall shield ufi and one ceiling board each. The frames of these shields are reinforced, as shown in FIG. 5, in diametrically opposite corners. In the four corners of all these wall and ceiling panels there are ears that look like external loops. Wall panels a and d can even be made thin in multi-storey buildings because they are not designed to withstand lateral pressure with the thickness of their walls; they should only maintain a slight gravity. The inner walls of the tower are provided with holes.

for the doors, one in each wall, near the very vertical frame pillar, which is most advantageous, and the external wall panels rf have from one to two window openings.

The corridor chamber of the half main unit has, according to FIG. 2, a single-hole wall inner shield for the door and an outer wall shield with one window opening. In addition, it is equipped with a ceiling shield b, having a transverse strut d from below (Fig. 4), the protrusions of which, after mounting, abut on the vertical braces of wall panels a and a. Due to this, the main unit is provided from shear in the transverse direction. The wall panel a simultaneously comprises an inner longitudinal wall of the room chamber, which, in turn, has an outer wall shield d equipped with one or two window openings and a ceiling panel c.

For building buildings of any desired size and shape, as shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to connect either only one whole main blocks (fig. 1) or only half main blocks, located either one or the other or one after another or one above the other. But it is possible, of course, to alternate whole main blocks () with half blocks L, as shown in FIG. 3 under the letter with. This last combination in the horizontal projection is denoted by the letter d.

The individual building elements of the whole main unit are shown on an enlarged scale in FIG. 4 to their assembly, in order to show the upper corner reinforcements of the corridor chambers provided with projections and the external loops of the remaining building elements. In the outer wall shields d, the lower extension hinges c are located directly beside the vertical side frames, while the upper extension hinges a are retracted inward by the thickness of two such loops. Due to this, two outward loops b of the upper room panel are extended in front of and near the remote loop c, while loops b of the lower room shield will lie behind and near the remote loops in wall part d (Fig. 7).

The situation is similar with the external hinges of the internal walls of ACH. The external hinges / ceiling panels c, directed inward and obliquely down, are closer to each other than the outward hinges of the same ceiling parts. The lower hinges of the inner wall panels, which are also obliquely directed downwards, enter during installation directly into the grooves behind the projections of the ceiling panels of the lower corridor chamber and the corner struts of the ceiling panels, while the directed obliquely downward hinges / ceiling room panels with the external loops In this way, horizontal, inwardly directed, upper BbfHOCHbie loops g of the same wall shields a are located behind the outboard hinges / ceiling shields with. With the folding of the main unit with the main units of the lower and upper floors on the two sides of the first, there are three remote hinges on the outer walls and four remote hinges in the inner walls next to each other. With the main blocks of the same floor lying next to each other, there are six of them on the outer walls and eight external loops on the inner walls, which are fastened with a tightening bolt.

FIG. Figure 7 shows the corner joints between the outer wall panels and the ceiling panels when assembling the three indoor chambers, one above the other, with the same letters as in FIG. 4. The connection, placed in a punctured circle /, shows the upper extension loops on the outer wall panels of the lower floor, and lower extension loops from the outer wall panels of the floor above the first floor. The hinges b of the ceiling shields of two adjacent room chambers are located between a and c. These six external loops are connected by a bolt that tightens them.

The connection, indicated by a circle 2, shows only the remote loops a and from the external wall panels of two floors located one above the other, and the external loops b of the ceiling panels of the lower room chambers are shown between the loops.

Circumference 3 borders the upper outward loop of the outer wall shield and the outward loop b of the ceiling shield. In the recess in front of the loop f, the lower extension loop from the outer wall shield of the upper floor is laid down upon further installation. In circumference 4 there are four remote hinges a vi b with two rows of lying room chambers; between hinges b, the hinges from the outer shields of two rows of lying chamber chambers are included in the construction of the next floor. Circumference 5 shows the interlocking of external hinges / ceiling panels from two adjacent room chambers with external loops m overlying inner corridor panels and placed in the gaps of the ceiling panel and the projections of the corner struts of the lower part of the ceiling panels of the corridor chambers.

When installed in all vertical gaps between wall shields and in all horizontal gaps near ceiling shields, insulating mass is inserted, pressed down by pressing the nuts on the tightening bolts passing through the hinges, thereby achieving an absolutely strong connection. In addition, the horizontal gaps in the outer walls are covered by a protrusion and overlying parts. The installation of the building is limited, therefore, by the comparatively small number of available corners of the building elements, which are near or one above the other, therefore it is quick and simple and gives a constructively solid enough assembly. Due to this, the construction of multi-storey buildings is possible. If at very high buildings the corner struts of the corridor chambers were insufficient to prevent lateral shear, the ceiling panels of the room chambers could still be equipped with corner brackets or struts (Fig. 5). The frames of the wall panels are equipped with struts in the upper two corners, and the frame of the ceiling panels of the corridor chambers in two. diametrically opposite corners. It goes without saying that frames designed for the lower floors of tall buildings,

can be made stronger than the frames for the upper floors. The angular attachment of the spacers d located on the underside of the ceiling panels of the two corridor chambers located adjacent to each other is shown on an enlarged scale in FIG. 6. One of the remote loops e of the lower edge of the wall panel, loop / ceiling panel of the room chamber and finally one of the remote loops g of the upper edge of the wall panel adjoins the corner struts d of each ceiling panel. All eight of these parts are joined by a bolt that tightens them.

The horizontal projection or the building plan is dependent on the number of placed homogeneous whole and half main blocks. The internal separation of the building can still be achieved by transverse partitions that can be inserted into the gaps of the wall panels of two adjacent main units, such as "(Fig. 8), or in the slots in the middle of the boards of these main blocks, such as b (Fig. 8 ), This separation is achievable due to the fact that in the outer panels of the room chambers of the whole main unit and those of the same parts of the corridor chambers of the half main unit, the window openings and in the internal wall parts of the door openings are made always with left or right, and It is on the left and right sides, so that in the middle of the wall shield there are always free spaces in which a transverse partition can be placed. Thus, it is possible to create any size of a room from whole and half room chambers, if during dressing of the main blocks the dimensions were taken according to need, for example, for a single room or for a common dwelling, or for a bathroom, or a kitchen. Cross partitions can be put also subsequently.

For the device of the staircase (Fig. 8), on one side of the corridor, the ceiling panels of the room chambers lying one above the other were removed, and the flight of stairs was inserted into the spaces thus formed. The outer wall panels are bordered with uniform steel frames as to the outer parts of the room chambers, however, they have a horizontal girder d at half the height, on which the platforms with the upper end of the lower flight of stairs e and the lower end of the upper flight of stairs are placed / Stair flights are fitted at the ends external loops adjacent to the inner wall parts, which during installation replace the missing hinges of the ceiling panels of the room chambers. The window apertures are located in the outer wall panels of the tutz by the girder d. If it is desirable to drive a staircase with a width of two or several rows of room chambers, for example, in a school or factory building, the external wall shields are reinforced with a horizontal beam of appropriate length, equipped with external loops in the places where the ceiling shields of room chambers are usually placed. external loops mi.

In the uppermost room and corridor chambers, the ceiling portions g and h are thicker than in the lower floors. The ceiling parts g have a slope towards the corridor due to the fact that the thickness of these parts gradually decreases towards the corridor, as shown in FIG. 8. Ceiling parts / g of the corridor are also somewhat thinner in the middle than in the places of i-pillars.

Those serving to receive the external hinges of the outer wall panels of the upper floor, the gaps between the external hinges b (Fig. 7) in circumference 4 can serve to receive the corresponding external hinges for the terrace railing (Fig. 8).

On the sides of the building, also with the help of suitable hinges or bolts, room walls are not exposed to any load k (Fig. 8). The load-free side corridor wall shields / can be connected to the wall and ceiling shields of the corridor chambers also by means of tightening bolts, and these parts can only be mounted after the installation of the room shields k.

If the staircase is satisfied

in the corner of the building, it is advisable to supply the side wall panels of the staircase with bolts that fit into the corresponding recesses of the staircases, in order to hold and reinforce the mentioned wall parts in the corners of the building. The floors and side porches of the balconies and terraces receive external loops from the side adjacent to the building, and these are mounted during installation; the loops are located next to the external loops a (circumference / fig. 7) and fixed by means of tightening bolts. The necessary corner mountings for balconies and terraces are made on the vertical uprights of the frames of the outer shields of the room chambers. The sheds above the doors can also be attached in the same way. Fireplaces should be made of separate parts and installed on the outer walls of the building; They can be connected to external loops of wall parts, for example, by means of cl.

The pipes for gas, water and wastewater can be laid in the wall parts of the measles of the burning and room chambers, or the grooves can be arranged in them for laying the designated pipelines, during which holes in the ceiling panels are left open.

Different combinations of the combination of whole and half basic units for various types of large and small buildings, private houses and multi-storey buildings are shown in FIG. 9. Some of the groups made up are suitable for office, school and factory buildings. A staircase combination of individual groups provides habitable and sunny terraces. In order for the roof area, on top of the building, to serve as a terrace, you can hold the staircase above the roof. If it is desirable to have particularly high spaces, for example for workshops, studios, lobbies, etc., then the ceiling panels of the room chambers are removed in the corresponding floor. In this case, rather long horizontal girders with external loops are mounted with the outer wall parts. Where corridors turn out to be superfluous, such as on the side gables of a building or in factories and trading houses, only steel frames (indicated by a in Figs. 1 and 2) of the interior wall parts are included in the design, with vertical frames supporting the walls. or columns. If the building must be installed inside, not outside, then the external hinges of the external wall panels can be placed so that they go inside, not outside; at the same time, however, some disturbance of the beauty of the room walls by external loops is inevitable. If it is desirable that the external hinges are not visible either from the outside or inside, you can hide them in the recesses near the upper panels of the outer wall panels. Said recesses can be simultaneously used to place a curtain louver.

The external hinges of the ceiling panels of the room chambers can, if necessary, be replaced with bolts, which are placed in the corresponding recesses of the external and internal wall panels. In this case, the tightening bolts at the internal and external walls capture only four external loops, and not six, as shown in Fig. 7 (circle /).

Structural production of building elements can be performed in various ways: for example, all existing iron or steel frames of wall panels can be filled with cork or eternit slabs, and ceiling panels with reinforced concrete and soundproofing material. Exterior walls can be sheathed with impermeable material, such as tin or eternity, or they can be plastered. The frames themselves can be covered with a refractory compound. The inner side of the building parts can already be lined, polished and painted at the factory, or it can be fitted with a stiff or eternit casing attached to the frames. Windows together with window sills, rolling shutters, etc., can be mounted directly into steel frames and raised or lowered, like windows in railway cars, into the corresponding slots of the external walls. The windows are pushed upward except for those that are in the outer wall portions of the staircases, where the windows are

under the runs supporting the site. All windows can be uniformly decorated, and each window can occupy, for example, not the entire half of the width of the outer wall of the room chamber. Due to the alternating connection of exterior wall parts having two windows, with parts having one window in the left or right half, any alternation of windows can be combined (Fig. 3 and 8).

Sewage pipes for draining rainwater from the roof pass through the ceiling portions of the corridor chambers of all floors. In the ceiling panels, already in their manufacture at the factory, holes are arranged, covered with covers (which are not shown in the drawings). The same holes can be provided for gas and water pipes, for electrical wires, as well as for heating pipes, drain pipes from kitchens and bathrooms, but it is better to hide all wires and pipes in the wall parts (as mentioned above). In both cases, the goal of all the main works for this building is achieved even during the factory building of the building elements, so that only one frill remains at the construction site.

The construction parts for the basement are most likely to be made very solid at once, firmly and, moreover, they should be especially well insulated. If chambers for supplies are provided in the upper floors, the basements may be abolished, but still it is necessary to build foundations under the main blocks. In addition to iron and steel, materials for the manufacture of frames for building parts can be reinforced concrete or another structurally strong material. Integral parts of building elements can also be made of slabs cast from resilient and at the same time insulating material, such as from reinforced concrete or bismic concrete, and then external loops and other fittings that may be required to be poured or attached in some other reliable way. connect the building parts together.

The frames, especially the frames of the external parts, can be provided with recesses at the vertical stand. During the subsequent assembly of the building parts, the two corresponding notches together form a channel, which can be filled with an insulating mass or filled with lead. You can also invest in such a channel, during assembly, a plastic rope (bundle) of felt. During the subsequent tightening of the bolts with nuts, the excess felt mass will be forced out. Horizontal gaps of building parts can also be filled with insulating mass or sealed with the same plastic rope of felt material. In addition, it is possible to provide wall construction parts at the lower edge with a protrusion that would cover the lower construction parts. Located inside the building, the vertical grooves of the building parts are ground clean and, if desired, covered with oil paint; horizontal gaps are filled with an appropriate color for floor mass. To protect the protruding hinges from the outer walls from atmospheric influences, you can cover them with tires of stainless material.

Thing .

Claims (9)

1. A collapsible building of standard factory-made boards, connected with bolts and forming chambers, mounted side by side or one above the other, characterized in that it consists of two types of chambers (Figures 3 and 9): a) corridor cells from ceiling & (Fig. 1) and two tightly fastened spacers d with it (Fig. 4) and b) room, the same length as the corridor, having in addition to the ceiling, two wall panels, of which one and with or without a door forms a wall separating the corridor from the room, and the other d (Fig. 1), with or without windows, form an outer wall, with room chambers placed either on both sides of the corridor (Fig. 1) or only on one side of it, and in the latter case, the corridor chambers are also provided with an outer wall a (Fig. 2). 2. An detached building according to claim 1, characterized in that the shields forming the walls and ceilings of the designated chambers are provided at the corners with ears for the bolts connecting them between themselves and with shields of adjacent chambers like hinge loops (Fig. 4, 6, 7 ). 3. In a collapsible building on PP. 1, 2 building a staircase of several one-on-one set of room chambers without ceilings, fitted with a flight of stairs at half the height of the outer walls (Fig. 8), and if the width of the staircase is two or more rows of room chambers, the use of the external walls of the horizontal beams (girders) of appropriate length, placed on the ground of the missing ceiling panels and equipped with lugs in those places where the ears of these shields should be located. 4. In a collapsible building on PP. 1 and 2 are used in steel frame shields (wrapping). 5. Form of execution according to claims. 1 and 2, characterized in that the connecting lugs of the ceiling panels of the room chambers are attached to the struts of the ceiling panels of the corridor chambers (Fig. 4). 6.In a collapsible building on PP. 1 and 2 attachment of balconies, parapets, umbrellas, etc. to the hinge loops of exterior wall panels. 7. In a collapsible building on PP. 1 and 2, supplying the wall panels of the corridor and room chambers with pipelines or grooves for pipelines, and the ceiling panels with openings for releasing them. 8. In a collapsible building on PP. 1 and 2 are installed in the room chambers of the transverse partitions a, b - (Fig. 8), inserted either into the slots of the wall panels or into the gaps between the latter. 9. In a collapsible building on PP. 1 and 2 use known insulation materials in the gaps between shields. a-c4zig .4 .five