SU407942A1 - METHOD OF OBTAINING A LUBRICATOR FOR COLD METAL COATING BY PRESSURE - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to the production of process lubricants for cold forming of metals.

A known method of producing technological lubricants is based on the distillation of synthetic fatty acids with separation of the bottoms residue, saponification of the latter and special heat treatment in order to separate the unwashed and highly volatile compounds.

However, the composition of the cubic residue of synthetic fatty acids is not constant, which makes it impossible to obtain an effective lubricant with stable properties, and thermal treatment greatly complicates the method of preparation and increases the cost of lubricants. In addition, the use of well-known lubricant does not provide repeated deformation of the metal.

It is proposed to distil the fatty acids extracted from the soapstocks of vegetable oils to obtain a tar residue containing 10-35% of polymerization and condensation products, and saponification of the tars should be carried out with an aqueous alkali solution by 35-40% based on the acid number.

Example. Distillation of fatty acids isolated from soap stock of vegetable oils is performed by heating 120-240 ° C (and a pressure of 1-2 atm). Pure fatty acids evaporate in eight sections of the cube and enter

to a condenser, from where they are supplied in liquid form to a vacuum receiver. From the ninth section at 230-250 ° C and a pressure of about two atmospheres, the bottom residue is continuously withdrawn.

through the refrigerator, cooled by the circulated condensate in a special collection. From the collector, tar enters the boiler, where it is neutralized with an aqueous solution of alkali, by 35–40% on the basis of saponification of acid

number.

The properties of the lubricant obtained by the proposed method are determined, on the one hand, by the composition of free fatty acids, which depends on the chemical composition of the product being distilled (in this case, fatty acids isolated from soap stock of vegetable oils), on the other hand, on the amount of polymerization and condensation products acids and the ratio of pure and polymerized fatty acids in the lubricant, which is determined by the mode of distillation of the initial product.

Boundary conditions of the distillation process (temperature, pressure, number of sections

The conditions for the extraction of tar) determine the direction of the process, which should ensure that the residue in the residue does not exceed 10% and not more than 35% of the products of polymerization and condensation.

Gas chromatographic analysis shows the following chemical composition of the Goudroi obtained in the process of directed distillation of fatty acids isolated from soapstock of vegetable oils, weight. %

Myristic acid 0.5-1.0

Palmitic acid - 20

Stearic acid 2,5-4

Oleic acid22-25

Linoleic acid 30-40

Polymerization products and

condensation of these acids to 100. In order to further enhance the properties of the lubricant obtained by the proposed method, by repeatedly drawing profiles from non-ferrous metals and alloys, saponification of the tars obtained in the process of directional distillation is carried out by 35-40% based on the acid number. This depth of saponification provides the solubility of the lubricant in water and the satisfactory stability of aqueous emulsions, and the presence of free fatty acids provides deformation in five or more passes without renewing the lubricating layer. The characteristics of the oiled fatty acid fraction are presented below. As can be seen, the distinctive feature of this fatty acid fraction is its high content of neutral fat - up to 30%.

The sodium, potassium, and lithium soaps obtained by direct saponification of the described fatty acid fraction dissolve well in water, forming a fairly stable emulsion.

When drawing non-ferrous metal bars on the mill, Trifle was tested with an 8% emulsion of the proposed lubricant compared to an emulsion of 59C and an emulsion prepared on the basis of TM-1 lubricant (a product of samilyen production waste of sebacic acid) of equal concentration.

Hex rods of alloy LS-59 with a diameter of 27 mm were pulled in a single pass from a billet with a diameter of 27.7 mm.

The results of the comparative tests of lubricants are given in the table.

As can be seen from the table, the use of aqueous emulsions of the proposed lubricant (MG) with the use of dragging with the use of a type mask, kg

Note. All lubricants get glossy smooth surface of the rod.

The use of bars from non-ferrous metals allows us to reduce the dragging force not only in comparison with a 59C emulsion based on mineral oil, but also as compared to an emulsion prepared on the basis of TM-1 lubricant. Thus, new emulsion water emulsions have high lubricating properties and are very effective when rolling tubes.

Subject invention

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining a lubricant for cold metal forming by distilling the fatty acid fraction followed by saponification of the resulting tars, characterized in that, in order to improve the lubricating properties and ensure repeated deformation of the metal, distillation iodine the fatty acids separated from the soapstocks of vegetable oils to The yield of the tar residue containing 10-35% of the products of polymerization and condensation, and the saponification is carried out with an aqueous solution of alkali on 35-40% based on acid number. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tar residue is taken at 230250 ° C and a pressure of 1.5-2 atm.