SU899637A1 - Lubricant for cold metal forming - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to process lubricants for cold metal forming and can be used in the processes of cold calibration, rolling and stamping of metal products. Compositions for cold working of metals are known, containing mineral oil with additives of polymers of various structures, and 2. However, various kinds of polymers are always well soluble in mineral oil, and also significantly increase the cost of the lubricant composition. Lubricating compositions are also known, consisting of a predominant amount of mineral oil with surfactants, ali phatic polycarboxylic acids, aromatic amines, esters and other organic compounds. However, these compositions are not taken into account. features of deformation of products of porous metallurgy and not effective enough, for example, in the processes of cold calibration. Also known are lubricants based on water, mineral oil, and polyoxyethylated stearic acid and octadecyl alcohol 7. However, this lubricant cannot be used in the calibration process of powder metallurgy products due to the presence of corrosive water. Lubricant 8 for cold treatment of metals with a pressure of the following composition, wt.%: Cyclohexanol 0, Levulinova and / or ketoenanthic acid or their mixtures 0, Fatty acids of the castor oil pyrolysis process up to 1 00 However, this lubricant is based on free fatty acids and cyclohexanol is not effective enough in the process of cold calibration of powder metallurgy products. The high viscosity and adhesion of this lubricant sharply deteriorate its penetration ability, impede the uniform distribution of lubricant over the metal surface, which negatively affects the antifriction properties of the lubricant, the uniformity of the mechanical properties of the products and the quality of their surface. The purpose of the invention is to increase anti. friction properties of the lubricant, reducing the non-uniformity of the mechanical properties of the products and improving the quality of the treated surface. The goal is achieved by the fact that the lubricant containing fatty acids of the pyrolysis process of castor oil additionally contains the liquids from the distillation of fatty acids extracted from soap stock of vegetable oils or technical fat, neutral products separated from the oxidate obtained by oxidation of methylcyclohexane with oxygen and mineral air oil following component content, wt.%: Tars from the distillation of fatty acids isolated from soapstock of vegetable oils or technical grease 10-30% fatty acids castor oil pyrolysis 10-30 Neutral products isolated from oxidate obtained by oxidation of methylcyclohexane with oxygen in the air 10-50 Mineral oil Remaining The tars from the distillation of fatty acids isolated from soapstocks of vegetable oils or technical fat have a complex phase composition: up to 20/0 free fatty acids, up to 50 neutral fat, and about 30 products of polymerization and condensation of these acids. In the process of distillation, the tars undergo high-temperature processing (up to 230 ° C), which ensures their deodorization and thermal stability. Their acid number is 160-170 mg con / g, the saponification number is TSO60 mg KOH / H. The fatty acids of the process of castor oil pyrolysis are obtained during the pyrolysis of castor oil at 200-230 ° C and a pressure of 20-25 kg / cm. By separating from the resulting fatty acids (in the form of sodium sebacicate) the ricinoleic acid specific for castor oil, the fatty acid fraction remains, which is a by-product of the pyrolysis process of castor oil. The fatty acid fraction used is a dark brown oily liquid with a specific weight of 0.95 g / cm, acid number 150170 mg KOH / G, saponification number 160185 mg KOH / g iodine value. Neutral products isolated from the oxidate obtained by oxidizing methylcyclohexane with atmospheric oxygen are a complex mixture of unseparated isomeric alcohols and ketones. The technological parameters of the methylcyclohexane oxidation process are as follows: Oxidation temperature, C 105-130 Oxidation time 60-2itO laziness, min. Concentration of the catalyst (lithium, cobalt, copper stearates), mol / g 1, 5 Air consumption per 1 liter of loading, l / min 250-300 Composition of alcohols, mol: 1-methylcyclohexanol 30-75; 2-methylcyclohexanol 3 "methylcyclohexanols (sum) 5-25. Composition of ketones, mol.: 2-heptanone 3, 2-methy-cyclohexane 10-20; 3-methylcyclohexanone 15-45; 4-methylcyclohexanone. The ratio of alcohols and ketones 1 1, 5 mol / mol. The physicochemical properties of neutral products isolated from the xydate obtained by the oxidation of methylcyclohexane with oxygen in air are as follows: Consistency Liquid Colorless Density, g / cm 0.91-0.93 Molecular 100-1205 Methylcyclohexanol, wt. | 50-90tr Methylcyclohexanone, May L 10-50 Organic acids, wt. Not more than 3 899637 About Co 6 Moisture, wt.% 0.2-0.5 Ash content, masD1-2 Boiling point, ° С150-170 Spindle, asformer oil was used as mineral oil. The lubricant is prepared by simply mixing the ponents at 2Q-kO C. The composition of the lubricants is given in Table 1. Table 1

Tars from the distillation of fatty acids isolated from the soapstocks of vegetable oils

- 10 10 30 10 10 20 30

70 - 30

- kO

Tests of the proposed lubricants of compositions 1-5 were carried out during cold calibration of blanks of torsional rings made of iron powder on a press in semi-automatic mode.

Suggested lubricants were tested

in comparison with the lubricant of the following composition, masd:

Cyclohexanol 30

thirty

thirty

20

20 20

50 10

t.0 10

Levulinova

acid20

Castor oil pyrolysis fatty acids50 During the testing process, the ejection force and the difference in hardness of the top and bottom of the workpiece after calibration and annealing were determined. The test results are presented in table 2.

Claims (1)

Claim Lubricant for cold working of metals by pressure, comprising a fatty acid pyrolysis of oil kastorovo- ^40, characterized in that, in order to improve anti-friction properties of lubrication and surface quality, it further comprises from tars dis- tillyatsii ⁴⁵ fatty acids, extracted from vegetable soapstock oils or technical fat, neutral products isolated from the oxidate obtained from the oxidation of methylcyclo-50 loghexane with atmospheric oxygen, and mineral oil in the following components, wt. %: Fatty Acids Pyrolysis Process55 Castor Oil 10-3Q Tar from distillation of fatty acids isolated from stocks of vegetable oils or technical fat 10-30 Neutral products isolated from. oxidate obtained by the oxidation of methylcyclohexane with atmospheric oxygen 10-50 Mineral Oil Else