SU37285A1 - Cupola - Google Patents

Description

Using the proposed cupola, which, according to the inventor, is economical, is very simple in design and allows safe maintenance, it is meant to achieve hot, well-mixed and slag-free cast iron. In addition, it can produce iron desulfurization and give additives to obtain high-grade and high-quality cast iron, as well as to produce hot low-carbon ductile iron.

In FIG. 1 shows a cupola in longitudinal section; FIG. 2 shows a section along the line AB in FIG. one; FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line CD in FIG. one; FIG. 4 and 5 valve in two projections; FIG. b - section along the EF line in FIG. one; FIG. 7- digger; FIG. 8 is a section along the GH line in FIG. one; FIG. 9-13 details of the cupola. The proposed cupola is equipped with an upper loading opening that allows for all types of loading; bucket, trolley, conveyor, manually, etc. The loading takes place through a constricted opening in the center of the cupola, which makes the loading smooth (not one-sided), which is very important for evenly moving the ear. When the hole is closed all the time, the burlable gases are not hot and the upper part of the cupola does not heat up or heat the charging devices.

(464)

For removal of gases, the cupola below the furnace top is equipped with an annular chamber 2, which is connected to the shaft with windows / and with the pipe - channels 7, 7 (Fig. 1 and 2). In chamber 2, the velocity of the gas carrier is lost, and the same chamber serves as a spark chamber. The loading opening has a housing 5 (Fig. 1 and 3) and valves 4 (Fig. 1, 3, 4, 5). The valves have one side thickened, serving as a counterweight 5 (Fig. 4, 5), holding the valve in the closed position, and there is also a guide b (Fig. 1). The annular chamber 2 is in a box consisting of cast iron plates 6-9-10 and filled with dry sand (Fig. 2). The cooling device consists of two ring boxes 12-13 (Fig. 1) connected by pipes 14 (Fig. 1), of which the top is connected to the fan and the bottom is to the tuyeres. The space between the pipes is filled with a refractory mass of 15. Overlapping, each separately, tuyeres 16 (Fig. 9, 10, 11) allow adjusting the air flow, and when closing one tuyere (slagged) the slag is melted without cleaning and air loss; if necessary, cleaning in the lance there are two openings 17-18 (Fig. 9), of which one serves to introduce the crowbar and the other (smaller) as the head. There is a hole 19 in the bottom of the tuyere

(Fig. 10), closed by valve 20 with a counterweight 2 / (Fig. 9-11), through which the slag is pushed and passes through the channel 22 under the cupola. On the bottom of the galley there is a protrusion 23 (Fig. 1) and a web 24, which delays the slag. The cast iron from the outlet is clean and does not contaminate the digger, which makes the latter serve a longer time without repair. Slag flows into a special shlanovy collection 25.

The accumulator 26 (FIG. 1) of the drum type is located on the trolley 27 and is provided with rollers 28, which makes it possible to roll it away from the cupola and to mix the cast iron well. When the zholoba is closed, the 29 KEATER is washed with hot gases, as a result of which the iron is in a hot condition all the time. In the lower part of the chute there is an opening 30 (Fig. 1) connected to the suction pipe 57 (Fig. 2, b, 8), which allows for the desulfurization of the cast iron. The wall 32 of the chute (Fig. 1) is lined up along the radius of the pigmer 26, equipped with rings 33 (Fig. 1-7), moving along the rollers 28 and set eccentrically. Thus, with the release of the pig iron, the DRAIN POULTER departs from the zholob (Fig. 7) and does not destroy it, and when turning back tightly closes the slit 34 (Fig. 8). The closed canopy has a removable cover 35 (Fig. 1-6). At the end of the heat, the lid is removed and a cork 36 (fig. 1) is punched with a crowbar to release the remaining iron. The lower part of the cupola below the melting point has a smaller diameter, which reduces the consumption of kindled coke, which results in less saturation of the pig iron with sulfur.

The hearth plate 37 (figs. 1-6) is mounted on three walls 38-39-40 (fig. 1), as a result of which the stoker man is protected from heat during raking of the wall.

Tubes 41-42 (Fig. 1) serve to supply fuel oil and water to the tuyeres. The supply of fuel oil is necessary for proper smelting in case of cast iron in the cupola, since the addition of coke from above can only restore the foundation for subsequent coals, and the balls in the cupola will fall close to the tuyeres and will give cold iron. The cupola can operate both on solid fuel and with the addition of liquid, it is economical and quite safe, since it is equipped with automatic fuses. The latter consist of a valve 54 (Fig. 9, 10, 11) equipped with a handle 43, to which a T-shaped part 44 is attached. On the handwheels 45 of the crane there are protrusions 46. When the access of air is stopped, part 44 pushes the projections and closes the taps as a result, fuel oil and water cannot enter the cupola. The upper air box is connected to a shutoff device, which consists of a cylinder 47 (Fig. 13) with a piston 48 connected by means of a rod 49 with cranes 50. These valves are open when there is a certain pressure in the box that raises the piston. If the fan stops, the piston and the rod close the taps with their weight and stop the flow of fuel oil and water, although the lower taps will be open. Valve 2 ((Fig. 10) is also a fuse in case of an explosion in the gas cupola; in addition, there are 5 / holes in the tuyeres (Fig. 9 and 10), closed with an iron circle 52 and plastered with clay 55. In the event of an explosion, the circles break putty and departure, open free exit to gases. The funnel of the charging hole is on par with the floor of the loading platform, which facilitates loading. The plum does not break out of the hole and does not burn the ladder. Cleaning the tuyeres by hand is not required; will melt itself. The ear does not need to be disturbed by cast iron through the charging hole, you just need to add fuel oil and air, and the hanging ear will be melted and will be put in. When the slag is released, the flame does not break out of the cupola and does not interfere with the barrel maid. the stove protects the wagon operator from the heat of coke fired from the cupola and the remains of hot iron and makes it possible to clean the cupola well. In the proposed cupola, it is not necessary to open and close the outlet for cast iron production, which spared t vagranschika obzhoga from danger.

According to the inventor, the profitability of the cupola lies in the fact that with the addition of fuel oil from the bottom and a reduced amount of coke in the pile, less fuel will burn into carbon monoxide, the top gases will not burn and the upper part of the cupola will not burn and burn. The introduction of liquid fuel, water and heated air will reduce the melting height, which will preserve the lining for a longer time.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A cupola with a closed top chamber, exhaust of gases below the top furnace and heated blowing, which is different in that it is below the top furnace for removal of gases provided with an annular chamber 2, communicated with the shaft by the windows 7 and with the pipe by channels 7, 7 (Fig. 1 and 2), and dp loading is designed a funnel poor consisting of valves 4 with counterweights 5 (Fig. 3 and 4). 2. The form of execution of the cupola under item 1, characterized by using an automatic valve with a piston 48, intended to close the taps 50, 50 on the oil and water pipelines at the termination of the arc (Figures 12 and 13). 3. The form of execution of the cupola according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum picker 26 is provided with eccentric support rings 33, which serve to closely adhere the drum to the wall 32 in the working position of the furnace (Figs. 1 and 7). TZ-G g rf flisari iHiJ H 33 3S J3 . / x {, / i / jiJ3li B :: Fig2 .J / Fmgv Shig7 h Fig Figz Fig4 J / F.G.Z. F.G.SH  ) R | .. ; u :: y:; g g | g; ;