SU32727A1 - Electrolyzer for obtaining magnesium from molten chloride salts - Google Patents

Description

The present invention consists in constructively performing an electrolytic cell with horizontally arranged electrodes that serves to produce magnesium from molten chloride salts.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the electrolysis cell from above; FIG. 2 is a section along the line KL in FIG. 3 and FIG. 3 is a sectional view along the ACEFIna line of FIG. 2,

Inside the chamber 16, made of fireclay and enclosed in a hermetic and iron casing 15, the anodes 2 and cathodes 7 are placed opposite each other and are placed in several horizontal rows forming vertical groups of electrodes of different polarity. These electrodes are made in the form of a stack:; -: 11: an anode is made of graphite, and the cathode is made of iron and attached to the corresponding current-carrying busbars 5 and. In the longitudinal direction, the electrolyzer is divided by a chamotte wall 7. Continuous non-conductive rods - partitions 3, made of fused aslta or chamotte, are placed between the groups of electrodes and are used to separate the electrode products and direct the evolved magnesium under the vaulted ceilings 4,

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over the cathodes. All the overlaps are made somewhat inclined and communicate with the collecting boron 13, from which molten magnesium can be diverted through conduit 14. The electrolyte is powered by electrolyte through pipe 9, and a drain pipe 10 is provided for draining the spent electrolyte. the cell casing and fireclay clutch 16 has a gasket 17 of heat insulating material.

Due to the peculiar form of cathode 7, anode. 2, the presence of partitions 3 and their mutual arrangement, chlorine released at the anode cannot get into the cathode space and goes besides it upwards, from where it is drained through pipe 8.

Since the top is entirely hermetically enclosed in a welded, iron casing, the aspiration of air into the anode space cannot ikite places, which guarantees obtaining chlorine of the highest concentration. At the same time, due to the peculiar shape of the cathode, the magnesium liberated on it cannot enter the anode space and, therefore, is completely collected under the overlaps 4, from which, due to the inclination of these peripherals, enters the boron / 5.

To remove the sludge formed during the electrolysis, the bottom of the bath has a slope along which the sludge flows to the hole under the threshold locked with hydraulically molten lead / L, which also balances the electrolyte in the bath and therefore keeps it at a certain level. The presence of a hydraulic lock, which provides the required electrolyte level, at the same time contributes to the improper discharge of molten magnesium from the bore 13 into the pipeline 14. The removal of sludge is carried out by a special chop that goes under the threshold. When digging up the sludge, from under the threshold it, being lighter than lead, floats to its surface, from where it is removed.

Lead freezing will not occur due to its low melting point (327) and good thermal conductivity of the bath. In addition, with a whole series of included baths, with continuous electrolysis, the sludge will settle down entirely in the first two or three baths, in the direction of electrolyte movement.

In the remote baths, the sludge will not need to be removed. At the same window / 2, as already mentioned, the spent electrolyte flows from the bath through the tube 10, from which it is periodically drained.

During the operation of the bath, the electrolyte level should be constant, for which carbon rods connected in series with the signal lamp are laid at the same level in the laying. When lowering the electrolyte level below the limit; oh, the circuit opens and the lamp goes out.

The proposed bath will operate at a constant voltage for the entire duration of its operation, from one repair to another, as occurs during corroding

Anodes of electrolyte increase in the distance of the anode-cutsd will not affect the voltage, but will be comp: this will correspond to a decrease in the current density.

This is accomplished as follows. The bath is designed on a definite basis; the reduced, normal for it, current, and, at the beginning of the work, only two lower rows of electrodes are included; At the same time, the anodes were eroded, and later on, the electrodes of the upper, reserve series were gradually switched on. In this case, the current density decreases, and despite the increase in the anode-cathode distance, the voltage on the bath remains constant.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. Electrolyzer for obtaining magnesium from molten chloride salts with a horizontal arrangement of electrodes, characterized in that auoiibi and cathodes, in the form of rods I, 2 located opposite one another, are placed in several horizontal rows forming vertical groups of electrodes of both polarities There are continuous non-conductive sterns at the junction points of individual rows for separating the electrode products and directing the liberated magnesium under the vaulted ceilings placed above the capacitance. 2. In the electrolyzer according to claim 1, regulation of the current density at the anodes by changing the number of graphite rods connected in parallel. 3. In the electrolyzer according to claim 1, use for scooping sludge from the bottom of the bath of a hydraulic valve // from molten chintse. To the author's testimony of A.N. X С13иГ.2 ,, 7 / / 1 З /. . / j /// / y. livr i pyj7 nxx j ji-l-lzl-j. 7- | k4, L / IxV- with (V-sS jV.i fe iwijlp iU -efsMi5hy shshM, l -IL b JM. YU fe-, on FROM Vinogradov -Mi 32727 cs .-. A I, ..l; „o 1b -: - - u 7 i -: - ;:; ; Qi 1g X1-7 oSip, xx..v, -v f. . e - ag :: ihl |, 1-GG and. . JilOIEIiL- NECK