SU312568A1 - BROKING WORKING ORGAN OF BENDING MACHINES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to digging tools of root-harvesting machines, mainly beet.

For digging up the roots of sugar beet, commonly used lemeschkovye or vilchatye Kopach, which have uneven depth of the course, clog weeds, are very sensitive to the size of the roots (poorly dug out and therefore lost the large, and strongly wounded large roots), demanding the physicomechanical properties of the soil, at high humidity, the soil accumulates on their working surfaces, and at low soil moisture, many dense soil clods accumulate in the heap of roots, which is accompanied by frequent breaks of tailings parts of the roots. The resulting pile of roots usually requires additional manual reassembly because as a result of the mechanical separation of dense soil clods on complex cleaning devices, the roots are severely damaged, the design of the machine becomes more complex and the energy intensity of the harvesting process increases.

The heap of roots entering the cleaning site clogged by large soil clots constantly overloads and clogs the separating working bodies of the harvester.

roots and small roots on wet, clogged and compacted soils, as they dig up roots more intensively crumbling and grinding

lumps.

These shovels have a more uniform depth of stroke, have the property of self-regulation — on lighter soils, less effort is required to deepen them, and the crumbling of the soil layer and the separation of the roots are faster.

Dumps allow you to use higher speeds of movement of the unit and eliminate complex cleaning devices.

for cleaning the roots from soil clods.

The process of disrupting the connection between the roots and the soil in disk clumps proceeds faster than that of plow-headed or forked. Diggers do not need additional devices.

for cleaning from sticking soils, they are not enveloped by weeds, for their deepening on dense soils no significant efforts are required. Known kopachi work either only about,

adhesion with the soil (passive), or as drive (active) and contain two spherical hard disks rotating on the axle axles, (odip or both driving), installed at an angle in the horizontal and vertically grinding of soil 1komiev and separation of roots when excavated, they are unsatisfactory and do not agree with the changing physicomechanical properties of the excavated soil layer with the roots. The latter are located in a deformable soil layer, the intensive mixing of particles of which, remaining constant under any conditions, is not always achieved once by using a mounted disk digger on a particular harvester. As a result, well-known disc diggers work not efficiently enough, for example, when their disks rotate to adhere to the soil, while sufficient work can be achieved in these specific soil conditions only due to the forced rotation of one of the disks, or, for example, drives, but with different peripheral speeds.

The proposed disk digging tool body contains two hard spherical disks with snits installed at an angle in the horizontal and vertical planes, between which there is a differential gearbox. The gearbox is equipped with an intermediate shaft with two conical shchestrenny and cam coupling mounted on the slots of one of the semi-axes and located between the driven gears loosely seated on the semi-axle, one of which is connected to the intermediate shaft and the other through a parasitic gear with a leading bevel gear .

The introduction of such a reducer for a disk drive allows the required intensive grinding and "crumbling of the soil layer with the roots sandwiched between the disks, thereby creating the best level of spillage and squeezing into the windows with a disc of the damaged soil lumps with the spokes, and thus provides the best conditions for cleaning the roots of bound soil. The proposed tool body, improving the process of digging and cleaning the roots, contributes to a more uniform loading of the cleaning bodies of the harvesting machine, simplifies their design, and reduces the weight and dimensions of the machine. Such an embodiment of a disk device allows rotation of both disks from their adhesion to the soil, or forced rotation of one of them and simultaneous rotation or adhesion to the soil of the other, finally forced rotation of both disks at the same or different speeds, i.e. establish optimal conditions for digging up the roots in the specific conditions of their harvesting.

312568

Between two spherical hard disks 1 and 2 with spokes mounted at an angle in the horizontal and vertical planes, there is a differential gear 3 in a rigid closed housing, on the main shaft 4 of which a gear cone wheel 5 fixed in fixed engagement with wheel 6 rigidly mounted on the drive shaft 7 of the disk.

The wheel 6 is also in permanent engagement with the block of gear wheels 5 and 9, the shaft ends of which are located in bearings mounted in the flange of the gearbox 3 and the hub of the gear wheel 5.

The wheel 9 is in constant engagement with the wheel 10, loosely seated on the end of the drive shaft AND the disk 2.

The gear wheel 5 is connected via a freely mounted axle gear 12 to a gear wheel 13, also freely mounted on the drive shaft 11 of the disk 2. Between the gear wheels 10 and 13 on the splines of the drive shaft // disk 2, there is a cam clutch 14 fixed by the lever 15 in the extreme - left or right - and middle positions, according to which rotation through gears 10 or 13 at different speeds is transmitted to drive shaft 11 of disc 2. With the average position of cam clutch 14, free rotation of disc 2 and opening is provided Bchatgm wheels 10 and 13, located on the shaft 11.

The bearings of the shafts and axles of the gearbox 3 have seals that eliminate the possibility of oil leaking from the body-container.

The drive of the main shaft 4 of the disc digger, carried out through an appropriate transmission from the tractor's power take-off shaft, has the ability to deflect, which ensures the free rotation of the discs 1 and 2, obtained, for example, from their adhesion to the soil.

During operation, the discs, located on the sides of a number of roots to be harvested, are buried in the soil to a predetermined depth and, due to the rotation (or rolling from adhesion to the soil) reported by them, seize the soil layer with the roots. Installed at an angle in the vertical and horizontal planes, as well as discs arranged with the forward solution, they remove the bed of the night with the roots, deform and lift it, due to which intensive crumbling of the soil and separation of its particles from the roots occurs. At the same time, free particles and clods of soil are removed between the spokes of the discs.

The roots, pressed between the discs, with particles of the remaining soil, when the discs rotate, rise to the height of the point of their closest approach, upon reaching which they begin to be released, and are thrown onto the cleaning organs of the harvesting machine.

Subject invention

Digging the working body of beet harvesting machines containing digging discs, a bevel gearbox with a drive shaft, a leading bevel gear and semi-axes equipped with known bevel gears, characterized in that, in order to change the relative speed of rotation

disks Depending on the working conditions, the gearbox is equipped with an intermediate shaft with two bevel gears and (a cam clutch sitting on the splines of one of the semi-axes and located between the driven gears, one of which is connected to the intermediate shaft and the other through the parasitic gear with the leading bevel gear.

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