CN115119555A - Hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine which comprises a rotary tillage soil preparation system, a transplanting system, an earth covering system, a profiling system and a power system, wherein the rotary tillage soil preparation system is connected with the transplanting system through a hydraulic pump; the rotary tillage soil preparation system comprises a soil leveling and slotting roller, the transplanting system comprises a separating and planting mechanism, the profiling system comprises a lifting bracket, and the power system comprises a first gear box, a second gear box, a first pump, a second pump and an oil tank; the second gear box is provided with an input shaft and two output shafts, and the second output shaft of the first gear box is connected with the input shaft; the first pump and the second pump are respectively connected with two output shafts; the power system comprises a first hydraulic motor, a second hydraulic motor and a lifting oil cylinder which are respectively arranged corresponding to the flat soil slotting roller, the driving separation planting mechanism and the lifting oil cylinder; the first pump is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the first pump respectively supply oil to the first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor; the second pump supplies oil for the lifting oil cylinder. The whole power system of the invention has reasonable design, so that the power system of the machine tool is more simplified and has high reliability.

Description

Hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine.

Background

The dry land transplanter is used for sequentially separating the plants of rape, vegetables and the like from a seedling blanket and inserting the plants into the land, has high planting efficiency and is a novel technique for planting the plants in the dry land.

The prior patent application CN110278729A of the applicant discloses a full-automatic transplanting combined machine, which comprises a rotary tillage ditching system, a planting system and an earth covering and pressing system, wherein the rotary tillage ditching system is used for carrying out rotary tillage treatment on the land and ditching the soil after rotary tillage, and the planting system is used for inserting plants into ditches dug by the rotary tillage ditching system and carrying out earth covering and pressing through the earth covering and pressing system. The planting system is driven by the lifting oil cylinder to lift and carry out profiling motion.

In practical use, the above scheme has the following technical problems:

(1) in the prior patent application, a power system is complex, some parts are powered by mechanical parts (such as a leveling and seam cutting roller), some parts are powered by a hydraulic system (such as a planting mechanism and a profiling system), wherein the leveling and seam cutting roller needs to be attached to the ground and needs to be connected with a frame through a floating prepressing device, and needs to transmit power to the leveling and seam cutting roller through a multi-stage transmission case, so that the transmission structure is complex; in addition, all hydraulic layouts are supplied with oil by the same pump, and the layout of a hydraulic system is not reasonable;

(2) in the prior patent application, after the rotary tillage of the rotary tillage ditching system, soil crushing treatment needs to be carried out through the soil crushing roller, then the soil flattening and slitting roller flattens and slits, the process is complex, and better treatment effect is difficult to achieve for the soil with more straws.

(3) After the land wheel mechanism breaks away from the land, the land wheel still can operate to lead to the signal continuous, and the mechanism of planting can not stop the operation, leads to the plant to waste or even leads to the contact pin to damage.

(4) Circular cutter head welding is on the firming roll body in the hack slitting roller, and not only the roll body can warp in the course of working, has whole hack slitting roller to scrap after a circular cutter head damages moreover.

The following invention will be made in view of the above-mentioned technical problem of the aspect (1) as a main technical problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine with a reasonable and reliable power system layout.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine comprises a rotary tillage soil preparation system, a transplanting system and an earth covering system which are sequentially arranged from front to back; the device also comprises a profiling system and a power system;

the rotary tillage and soil preparation system comprises a front frame, a rotary tillage device and a soil leveling and slotting roller which are sequentially arranged in front and back; the transplanting system comprises a rear frame, a seedling blanket frame and a separating and planting mechanism; the profiling system comprises a lifting bracket for connecting the front frame and the rear frame;

the power system comprises a first gear box arranged on the front frame, and the first gear box comprises a power access shaft and a first output shaft in driving connection with the rotary tillage device;

the power system also comprises a second gear box, a first pump, a second pump and an oil tank which are arranged on the front frame; the second gearbox is provided with an input shaft and two output shafts;

the first gearbox further comprises a second output shaft, and the second output shaft is connected with the input shaft through a first universal joint; the first pump and the second pump are respectively connected with the two output shafts through couplers;

the power system also comprises a first hydraulic motor for driving the flat soil slotting roller to operate, a second hydraulic motor for driving the separation planting mechanism to operate and a lifting oil cylinder for driving the lifting support to lift;

the first pump is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the first pump respectively supply oil to the first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor; and the second pump supplies oil to the lifting oil cylinder.

Further, the second gearbox comprises a housing, the input shaft and both output shafts being rotatably mounted relative to the housing; the box body is also rotatably provided with a transition shaft; a transmission relation is established between the input shaft and the transition shaft through a speed increasing gear set consisting of a first gear and a second gear; and a third gear is further fixed on the transition shaft, fourth gears meshed with the third gear are respectively fixed on the two output shafts, and the number of teeth of the fourth gears is smaller than that of the third gears.

Furthermore, the number of the transplanting systems is two, the transplanting systems and the transplanting systems are arranged in the left and right direction, and the number of the lifting supports and the number of the lifting oil cylinders are also two;

the second pump is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the second pump respectively supply oil to the two lifting oil cylinders;

the two groups of the separation planting mechanisms corresponding to the two groups of the transplanting systems are driven by the two second hydraulic motors to operate respectively; the two second hydraulic motors are connected in series and are supplied with oil from the same oil outlet of the first pump.

Furthermore, an oil outlet of the first pump is connected with the first hydraulic motor through a first reversing valve and a first speed regulating valve, and a first overflow valve is connected to the oil supply loop in parallel; the other oil outlet is connected with the second hydraulic motor through a second reversing valve and a second speed regulating valve, and a second overflow valve is connected in parallel on the oil supply loop.

Furthermore, the transplanting system further comprises a land wheel device, the land wheel device comprises a land wheel and a speed counting assembly used for detecting the rotating speed of the land wheel, and the speed counting assembly is connected with the second speed regulating valve through a controller.

Furthermore, a valve bank is arranged on an oil supply pipeline between the second pump and the lifting oil cylinder; the profiling system further comprises a profiling wheel device, the profiling wheel device is connected with a control rod through a pull wire, the control rod can act on a valve core of the valve group, and the valve group is provided with a return spring which can enable the valve core to reset.

Furthermore, the land wheel device comprises a fixed seat fixedly mounted on the front frame and a floating seat connected with the land wheel; the floating seat is rotationally connected with the fixed seat, and an elastic pre-pressing mechanism is connected between the floating seat and the fixed seat; the land wheel and the floating seat are respectively provided with a first friction piece and a second friction piece, and the first friction piece is in contact with the second friction piece.

Further, the speed counting assembly comprises a speed measuring gear coaxially fixed with the land wheel and a speed measuring sensor opposite to the gear teeth of the speed measuring gear.

Further, the soil leveling slitting roller is connected with the front frame through a floating roller frame; and a pre-pressing adjusting mechanism is arranged between the floating roller frame and the front frame.

Furthermore, the soil leveling slotted roller comprises a main roller body, and a plurality of slotted discs are distributed and mounted on the main roller body in the axial direction; the slitting disks can be removable relative to the main roller body.

Has the advantages that: according to the hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine, the first gear box and the second gear box are arranged, power is distributed to the plurality of hydraulic pumps through the second gear box, and the soil leveling slitting roller, the first hydraulic motor, the second hydraulic motor and the lifting oil cylinder are driven to operate through the hydraulic pumps.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structure view of a hydraulically driven full-automatic transplanting combined machine;

FIG. 2 is a side view structural diagram of the hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the combination of the rotary tillage soil preparation system and a portion of the power system;

FIG. 4 is a first perspective view of the rotary tillage soil preparation system;

FIG. 5 is a second perspective view of the soil preparation system;

FIG. 6 is an external view of the second gear box;

FIG. 7 is a view showing an internal structure of a second gear box;

FIG. 8 is a hydraulic system diagram including a first pump, a first hydraulic motor, and a second hydraulic motor;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a hydraulic system including a second pump and a lift cylinder;

FIG. 10 is a side view of the ground wheel apparatus;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional structural view of the ground wheel apparatus;

FIG. 12 is a view of the coupling of the cam mechanism to the valve block;

FIG. 13 is a structural view of the copying wheel mechanism;

FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the slitting disk;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a trench wall compaction disk;

FIG. 16 is a view showing the construction of a rotary blade unit;

fig. 17 is a fitting view of the boss and the positioning V-groove.

In the figure: 1-a rotary tillage soil preparation system; 11-a front frame; 12-a rotary tillage device; 121-rotary tillage knife roll; 121 a-mounting rollers; 121 b-a rotary blade; 121 c-medial axis; 121 d-holding block; 121 e-a resilient element; 121 f-sensor; 122-a top cover; 123-front baffle; 124-rear baffle; 125-steel bars; 13-leveling and slotting roller; 131-a main roller body; 132-a stitching disk; 132 a-a first half; 132 b-a second half; 132 c-ring portion; 133-a trench wall compaction tray; 133 a-a conical section; 133 b-bottom; 133 c-anchor ear; 133 d-stationary edge; 133 e-a third fastening screw; 14-ditching device; 141-ditching shovel; 142-a pressure spring; 15-scraping the soil; 151-shaped groove; 152-beveled edge; a floating roller frame 16-; a pre-pressing adjusting mechanism 17-; 18-shift lever group; 19-chain case; 2-transplanting the system; 21-a rear frame; 22-seedling blanket frame; 23-separating the planting mechanism; 24-a land wheel arrangement; 241-ground wheel; 241 a-flange portion; 242-a fixed seat; 243-floating seat; 244-resilient pre-compression mechanism; 245-a first friction member; 246-a second friction member; 247-speed measuring gear; 248-a speed measuring sensor; 249-axle; 250-a flange plate; 251-a first nut; 252-an adjustment screw; 253-a second nut; 3-profiling systems; 31-lifting the support; 32-a contour wheel arrangement; 321-mounting the base; 322-middle seat body; 323-wheel carrier; 324-a contour wheel; 325-a contour spring; 326-an adjustment handle; 327-adjusting the lever; 4-a power system; 41-a first gearbox; 411-a power take-in shaft; 412 — a first output shaft; 413-a second output shaft; 42-second gearbox; 421-an input shaft; 422-output shaft; 423-case body; 424-transition axis; 425-a first gear; 426-a second gear; 427-a third gear; 428-fourth gear; 43-a first pump; 44-a second pump; 45-coupler; 46-a first hydraulic motor; 47-a second hydraulic motor; 48-lifting oil cylinder; 49-oil tank; 410-a second gimbal; 420-side gearbox; 430-pump mount; 461-first reversing valve; 462-a first speed valve; 463 — a first relief valve; 471-a second reversing valve; 472-second speed valve; 473-second overflow valve; 481-valve train; 481a — spool; 481 b-return spring; 5-a soil covering system; a 51-T-shaped frame body; 511-longitudinal rod body; 512-transverse rod body; and 52-a soil covering device.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine shown in fig. 1-2 comprises a rotary tillage soil preparation system 1, a transplanting system 2 and a soil covering system 5 which are arranged in sequence from front to back; a profiling system 3 and a power system 4 are also included.

As shown in figures 4-5, the rotary tillage soil preparation system 1 comprises a front frame 11, a rotary tillage device 12 and a soil leveling and slotting roller 13 which are sequentially arranged on the front frame 11, and a ditching device 14 is further arranged on the front frame 11. Rotary cultivator attachment 12 is including being used for carrying out the rotary tillage handle with the rotary tillage rotor 121 of smashing soil to ground, still including being used for covering the cover body of rotary tillage rotor 121 in it, and the cover body plays and holds together native effect, prevents that the soil that rotary tillage rotor 121 throws out is derived and is splashed.

The furrowing device 14 includes a furrowing blade 141 disposed on the rear side of the rotary blade roller 121, the furrowing blade 141 being disposed centrally with respect to the rotary blade roller 121 so that the furrowing blade 141 can furrow in the middle of the working width of the combined working machine.

The front side of the upper end of the furrowing blade 141 is rotatably mounted relative to the front frame 11, and the furrowing device 14 further comprises a compression spring 142 acting on the rear side of the upper end of the furrowing blade 141 and applying a downward pressure to the furrowing blade 141, so that when a hard object is encountered, the furrowing blade 141 can rotate backward to be buffered by the compression spring 142 to form a protection for the furrowing blade 141.

The soil leveling and slotting roller 13 can actively rotate and comprises a main roller body 131, and a plurality of slotting disks 132 are distributed and mounted on the main roller body 131 in the axial direction; the dial 132 is detachable from the main roller body 131. The main roller body 131 is used for compacting the soil after rotary tillage to make the soil smooth, and the slotted disk 132 can open planting slots for inserting seedlings on the soil. In addition, a pair of groove wall pressing disks 133 are fixed to the middle of the main roller body 131; the opposite surfaces of the two trench wall compacting discs 133 are planes, the surfaces deviating from the two trench wall compacting discs are conical surfaces, the two opposite planes on the two trench wall compacting discs 133 are respectively attached to two sides of the rear end of the furrowing shovel 141, and thus after the furrowing shovel 141 furrows, the conical surfaces of the trench wall compacting discs 133 act on the trench wall to compact and level the trench wall, so that the trench wall is firm and is not easy to deform and collapse.

Preferably, the rotary tillage soil preparation system 1 further comprises a stop lever set 18 mounted at the rear side of the rotary tillage cutter roller 121, and the stop lever set 18 is composed of a plurality of stop levers which are dispersedly arranged in the left-right direction. The cover body is composed of a top cover body 122, a front baffle 123 and a rear baffle 124, and the rotary blade roller 121 is composed of a mounting roller 121a and rotary blades 121b dispersedly mounted on the mounting roller 121 a; during soil preparation, the rotary tillage cutter roller 121 rotates reversely to throw soil high and backward, during throwing, large soil and straws meet the blocking rod group 18 and are blocked, and fine soil passes through the blocking rod group 18 and falls after meeting the rear blocking plate 124. The top cover body 122 and the front baffle 123 are made of steel plates, the position of the front baffle 123 can be adjusted relative to the top cover body 122, the height of the lower end of the front baffle 123 can be adjusted, and hilling caused by soil leakage of a front side gap can be effectively prevented by adjusting the height of the lower end of the front baffle 123 according to the properties of soil. The rear baffle 124 has flexibility, and the lower extreme is fixed with the billet 125, so, the rear baffle 124 can adapt to the dynamic change of throwing the soil volume and carry out self-adaptation regulation, to soil such as sand and soil that the expansion ratio is big, the volume is doubled after the husky soil rotary tillage of hardening, traditional rotary cultivator is difficult to adapt to this kind of soil, through establishing the rear baffle 124 into flexibility, and set up billet 125 at its lower extreme, a large amount of soil can receive the buffering after meetting rear baffle 124 and fall to the ground, and because the existence of billet 125, rear baffle 124 receives the striking back, well upper portion becomes the arc, and the lower part is in the state of dangling, billet 125 rise height is less, can effectively hold together soil and prevent the soil cover body, comparatively speaking, the rotatory scheme that installs in top cover body 122 rear side receives a large amount of soil and strikes the higher soil that bottom rises height and can spill soil. In addition, the steel bars 125 can also have a soil leveling effect, and the soil after rotary tillage is pre-leveled.

The transplanting system 2 comprises a rear frame 21, a seedling blanket frame 22 and a separating and planting mechanism 23 are installed on the rear frame 21, and the separating and planting mechanism 23 is used for sequentially separating plants in the seedling blanket on the seedling blanket frame 22 and inserting the plants into the planting seams. The structure of the transplanting system 2 is referred to in patent CN110278729A and is not described here much. The number of the separate planting mechanisms 23 is equal to the number of the slotted disks 132, the slotted disks 132 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the slotted disks 132 and the corresponding separate planting mechanisms 23 are installed in front-to-back alignment.

The profiling system 3 comprises a lifting bracket 31 connecting the front frame 11 and the rear frame 21.

As shown in fig. 3, the power system 4 includes a first gear box 41, a second gear box 42, a first pump 43, a second pump 44 and an oil tank 49 which are mounted on the front frame 11, and further includes a first hydraulic motor 46 for driving the soil leveling and ripping roller 13 to operate, a second hydraulic motor 47 for driving the separating and planting mechanism 23 to operate, and a lifting cylinder 48 for driving the lifting frame 31 to lift and lower. The first pump 43 and the second pump 44 each draw hydraulic oil from the oil tank 49.

The first gear box 41 includes a power input shaft 411, a first output shaft 412 drivingly connected to the rotary tillage device 12, and a second output shaft 413. The first output shaft 412 is connected to a side transmission case 420 through a second universal joint 410, and the side transmission case 420 transmits power thereto. The combined working machine of the present invention is operated by the tractor, and the power take-in shaft 411 is connected to the PTO output shaft of the tractor.

As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the second gear box 42 includes a box body 423, and the box body 423 is provided with an input shaft 421, two output shafts 422 and a transition shaft 424; a transmission relation is established between the input shaft 421 and the transition shaft 424 through a speed increasing gear set consisting of a first gear 425 and a second gear 426; a third gear 427 is further fixed on the transition shaft 424, fourth gears 428 engaged with the third gear 427 are respectively fixed on the two output shafts 422, the number of teeth of the fourth gears 428 is less than that of the third gear 427, and the number of teeth of the two fourth gears 428 can be set as required, so that the output rotation speeds of the two output shafts 422 meet the requirement. The first gearbox 41 further comprises a second output shaft 413, the second output shaft 413 being connected to the input shaft 421 via a first universal joint 44; the first pump 43 and the second pump 44 are both mounted on the front frame 11 through a pump base 430, and are connected to the two output shafts 422 through couplers 45. With the above structure, the power of the input shaft 421 is distributed to the two output shafts 422, and the rotation speed of the input shaft 421 is accelerated in two stages to drive the first pump 43 and the second pump 44 to operate, respectively.

The first pump 43 is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the duplex pump respectively supply oil to the first hydraulic motor 46 and the second hydraulic motor 47; the second pump 44 supplies oil to a lift cylinder 48. In this embodiment, the number of the transplanting systems 2 is two, the transplanting systems are arranged in the left and right direction, and the number of the lifting supports 31 and the lifting cylinders 48 is also two. Based on this, as shown in fig. 9, the second pump 44 is also a dual pump, and two oil outlets of the dual pump respectively supply oil to two lifting cylinders 48; each group of transplanting systems 2 comprises a plurality of separating and planting mechanisms 23, and all the separating and planting mechanisms 23 included in the same group of transplanting systems 2 are driven by the same second hydraulic motor 47 to operate, that is, the two groups of transplanting systems 2 correspond to the two second hydraulic motors 47, and the two second hydraulic motors 47 are connected in series and are supplied with oil from the same oil outlet of the first pump 43.

By adopting the power system 4, the power accessed by the first gear box 41 is divided into two paths which are respectively used for driving the rotary tillage cutter roller 121 and the second gear box 42, the second gear box 42 divides the power into two paths which are respectively driven by the first pump 43 and the second pump 44 to operate, so that each active moving part in each combined machine operates simultaneously, and the whole hydraulic system is simple in structure and reasonable in power distribution by arranging the second gear box 42, and each active moving part can be properly driven. In addition, the connection structure among the first gear box 41, the second gear box 42, the first pump 43 and the second pump 44 is stable and reliable, and stable operation of the hydraulic system can be ensured.

Further, as shown in fig. 8, an oil outlet of the first pump 43 is connected to the first hydraulic motor 46 through a first direction changing valve 461 and a first speed regulating valve 462, and a first overflow valve 463 is connected in parallel to the oil supply circuit; the other oil outlet is connected to the second hydraulic motor 47 through a second reversing valve 471 and a second speed regulating valve 472, and a second overflow valve 473 is connected in parallel to the oil supply loop. The control system can adjust the rotating speed of the first hydraulic motor 46 and the second hydraulic motor 47 by controlling the flow of the first speed regulating valve 462 and the second speed regulating valve 472, so as to control the rotating speed of the flat soil slitting roller 13 and adjust the planting row spacing of the separation planting mechanism 23.

In order to precisely control the planting row spacing, the transplanting system 2 further comprises a ground wheel device 24, as shown in fig. 10, the ground wheel device 24 comprises a ground wheel 241 and a speed counting component for detecting the rotating speed of the ground wheel 241, the speed counting component is connected with a second speed regulating valve 472 and is connected with a controller, and the controller adjusts the rotating speed of the second hydraulic motor 47 according to the running speed of the machine measured by the ground wheel device 24 so as to keep the planting row spacing unchanged. In this embodiment, the speed-measuring assembly includes a speed-measuring gear 247 coaxially fixed with the ground wheel 241 and a speed-measuring sensor 248 facing the teeth of the speed-measuring gear 247, and the speed-measuring sensor 248 measures the speed by sensing the teeth.

The land wheel device 24 comprises a fixed seat 242 fixedly arranged on the front frame 11 and a floating seat 243 connected with a land wheel 241; the floating seat 243 is rotatably connected with the fixed seat 242, and an elastic pre-pressing mechanism 244 is connected between the floating seat 243 and the fixed seat 242; the ground wheel 241 and the floating seat 243 are respectively provided with a first friction member 245 and a second friction member 246, the first friction member 245 is in contact with the second friction member 246, and a friction effect is generated between the first friction member 245 and the second friction member 246, so that the situation that signals are continuous due to inertia or heavy objects such as straw and soil blocks when the ground wheel device 24 is lifted off the ground, the separation planting mechanism 23 controlled by the signals stops running in time, plant waste is caused, the separation planting mechanism 23 can be damaged, or the separation planting mechanism 23 is injured by personnel is caused can be effectively avoided.

The first friction member 245 and the second friction member 246 can adjust the friction force according to the operating condition. Specifically, as shown in fig. 11, an axle 249 is rotatably mounted on the floating seat 243, a flange 250 is fixed on the axle 249, the flange 250 has a plurality of first holes, and a flange portion 241a having a plurality of second holes is disposed in the middle of the ground wheel 241; the first friction member 245 has a hexagonal groove therein, and the hexagonal groove has a first nut 251 therein. When the mounting structure is installed, the flange plate 250 is arranged in a manner of being attached to the flange part, and the first holes and the second holes on the flange plate 250 and the flange part are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; each set of the first hole and the second hole corresponds to an adjusting screw 252 passing through the two, the adjusting screw 252 is provided with a second nut 253, the flange plate 250 and the flange part are clamped between the first friction member 245 and the second nut 253 to be fixed, and the axial position of the first friction member 245 can be changed by changing the axial position of the adjusting screw 252, so that the pre-pressure between the first friction member 245 and the second friction member 246 is changed, and the friction force between the two is also changed.

Further, a valve set 481 is arranged on an oil supply pipeline between the second pump 44 and the lifting oil cylinder 48; as shown in fig. 12, the copying system 3 further includes a copying wheel device 32, the copying wheel device 32 is connected to a control rod 34 through a wire 33, the control rod 34 is capable of acting on a valve core 481a of the valve block 481, and the valve block 481 has a return spring 481b capable of returning the valve core 481 a.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 16, in the rotary blade assembly 22, the rotary blades 121b are rotatable relative to the mounting roller 121a, the mounting roller 121a is a hollow structure, a central shaft 121c capable of sliding along an axial direction thereof is coaxially mounted at a middle portion of the mounting roller 121a, and an elastic element 121e for applying an axial force to the central shaft 121c is disposed between the central shaft 121c and the mounting roller 121 a; a holding block 121d corresponding to each rotary blade 121b is fixed to the central shaft 121c, the holding block 121d has a positioning V-groove, the tail of the rotary blade 121b extends into the mounting roller 121a, and the tail of the rotary blade 121b has a protrusion embedded in the positioning V-groove (as shown in fig. 17); a sensor 121f for detecting the shaft end of the middle shaft 121c is installed on the transition seat at one end of the installation roller 121a, the sensor 121f is connected with a control unit, and the control unit is also connected with a pushing unit acting on the valve core 481 a. Through the structure, when the rotary blade 121b collides with foreign matters such as stones or hard tree roots, the rotary blade 121b can rotate relative to the mounting roller 121a to protect the rotary blade 121b from being damaged, after the rotary blade 121b rotates relative to the mounting roller 121a, the protruding part at the tail of the mounting roller 121a is separated from the positioning V-groove and pushes the middle shaft 121c to move, after the middle shaft 121c moves, the sensor 121f generates a trigger signal, and the control unit controls the pushing unit to act on the valve core 481a according to the trigger signal, so that the lifting oil cylinder 48 lifts the lifting support 31 at the fastest extending speed, and the transplanting system 2 is protected from being damaged.

The soil covering system 5 comprises a T-shaped frame body 51, the T-shaped frame body 51 comprises a longitudinal rod body 511 extending forwards and backwards and a transverse rod body 512 extending leftwards and rightwards, the longitudinal rod body 511 penetrates through a gap between the two groups of transplanting systems 2, and the front end of the longitudinal rod body 511 is rotatably connected to the front rack 11; the transverse rod body 512 is provided with soil covering devices 52 with the same number as the separating and planting mechanisms 23, and each group of soil covering devices 52 comprises two soil covering wheels which are arranged in a V shape.

As shown in fig. 13, the cam wheel device 32 includes a mounting base 321, an intermediate base 322, a wheel frame 323, and a cam wheel 324; the mounting seat 321 is fixed on the rear frame 21, the middle seat 322 is rotatably connected with respect to the mounting seat 321, and a position adjusting mechanism is arranged between the mounting seat and the middle seat; the contour wheel 324 is rotatably arranged on the wheel frame 323; the wheel frame 323 is rotatably mounted on the middle base 322, and a profile spring 325 is arranged between the wheel frame and the middle base 322, and the profile spring 325 makes the profile wheel 324 have a downward movement tendency. The pull wire 33 is composed of a sleeve and a wire core, the sleeve and the wire core at one end of the pull wire 33 are respectively fixed on the middle seat 322 and the wheel frame 323, and the sleeve and the wire core at the other end of the pull wire 33 are respectively fixed on the valve seat where the valve block 481 is located and the control rod 34.

So, contour wheel 324 walks along the topography, can will change the traction control pole 34 motion according to the height on ground, control pole 34 promotes the case motion, the case motion can be adjusted the flow of the hydraulic oil through valves 481, so can finely tune the oil pressure of lifting oil cylinder 48, take rear frame 21 to go up and down with control lifting support 31, make separation planting mechanism 23 can insert the plant in planting the seam, and the degree of depth of burying is suitable, guarantee that the plant can not lodge or lead to the root because insert too deeply and damage.

The position adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting handle 326 rotatably mounted on the mounting base 321, an adjusting rod 327 is connected between the adjusting handle 326 and the middle base 322, and two ends of the adjusting rod 327 are rotatably connected with the adjusting handle 326 and the middle base 322 respectively; the mounting base 321 has a parking groove for the adjustment rod 327 to be inserted into. By changing the docking slot in which the adjusting rod 327 is inserted, the angle of the middle base 322 relative to the mounting base 321 can be changed, so that the optimum copying range of the copying wheel device 32 can be changed, and the user can adjust the angle of the middle base 322 relative to the mounting base 321 according to the soil property.

The flat soil slitting roller 13 is connected with the front frame 11 through a floating roller frame 16; a prepressing adjusting mechanism 17 is arranged between the floating roller frame 16 and the front frame 11. The first hydraulic motor 46 is mounted on the floating roller frame 16 and transmits power to the leveling slitting roller 13 through the chain case 19.

Preferably, both the slit disk 132 and the groove-wall pressing disk 133 are detachable with respect to the main roller body 131. Specifically, as shown in fig. 14, each slit disk 132 is made up of two disk-shaped half bodies, a first half body 132a and a second half body 132 b; the edges of the two half bodies are provided with cutting edges which are gradually narrowed; the first half body 132a is provided with an annular part 132c sleeved on the flat soil roller body 1, and the annular part 132a1 is connected with the main roller body 131 through a plurality of first fastening screws arranged in a circumferential array; the two halves are fixed to each other by a second fastening screw, and the annular portion 132c is in a non-exposed state.

As shown in fig. 15, the groove wall pressing disk 133 is composed of a tapered portion 133a and an annular bottom portion 133b, which are welded together, wherein the tapered portion 133a has a shell structure, and thus the groove wall pressing disk 133 has a hollow structure. The bottoms 133b of the two groove wall pressing disks 133 are disposed opposite to each other, and the tapered portions 133a of the two tapered portions 133a are away from each other.

As shown in fig. 4, the quick release structure is disposed inside the trench wall pressing disk 133; the quick release structure comprises a hoop 133c fixed in the groove wall compaction disc 133, the hoop 133c is sleeved on the periphery of the main roller body 131, the hoop 133c is fixed in the conical part 133a in a welding mode, and the hoop 133c is not exposed integrally; the hoop 133c has at least one gap, two sides of the gap are provided with outward-turned fixing edges 133d, and the two fixing edges 133d are fixed by a third fastening screw 133 e. With this structure, the third fastening screw 133e is tightened or loosened to tighten or loosen the anchor ear 133c, thereby fixing or releasing the groove wall pressing plate 133.

Further, it is preferable that the floating roller frame 16 is fixed with the scraper 15, and the scraper 15 has a groove 151 provided corresponding to the slit disk 132 and a bevel 152 acting on an outer wall of the tapered portion 133 a.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hydraulic drive type full-automatic transplanting combined machine comprises a rotary tillage soil preparation system (1), a transplanting system (2) and an earth covering system (5) which are sequentially arranged in front and back; the device also comprises a profiling system (3) and a power system (4);

the rotary tillage and soil preparation system (1) comprises a front frame (11), a rotary tillage device (12) and a soil leveling and slotting roller (13) which are sequentially arranged from front to back; the transplanting system (2) comprises a rear frame (21), a seedling blanket frame (22) and a separating and planting mechanism (23); the profiling system (3) comprises a lifting bracket (31) connecting the front frame (11) and the rear frame (21);

the power system (4) comprises a first gear box (41) arranged on the front frame (11), and the first gear box (41) comprises a power input shaft (411) and a first output shaft (412) in driving connection with the rotary tillage device (12);

the method is characterized in that:

the power system (4) further comprises a second gear box (42), a first pump (43), a second pump (44) and an oil tank (49) which are arranged on the front frame (11); the second gearbox (42) has one input shaft (421) and two output shafts (422);

the first gearbox (41) further comprises a second output shaft (413), the second output shaft (413) being connected to the input shaft (421) by a first universal joint (44); the first pump (43) and the second pump (44) are respectively connected with the two output shafts (422) through a coupling (45);

the power system (4) also comprises a first hydraulic motor (46) for driving the flat soil slotting roller (13) to operate, a second hydraulic motor (47) for driving the separating and planting mechanism (23) to operate and a lifting oil cylinder (48) for driving the lifting support (31) to lift;

the first pump (43) is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the first pump respectively supply oil to the first hydraulic motor (46) and the second hydraulic motor (47); the second pump (44) supplies oil to the lifting oil cylinder (48).

2. A hydraulically driven fully automatic combined transplanter according to claim 1, characterized in that the second gearbox (42) comprises a box (423), the input shaft (421) and the two output shafts (422) are rotatably mounted with respect to the box (423); a transition shaft (424) is rotatably arranged on the box body (423); a transmission relation is established between the input shaft (421) and the transition shaft (424) through a speed increasing gear set consisting of a first gear (425) and a second gear (426); a third gear (427) is further fixed to the transition shaft (424), fourth gears (428) meshed with the third gear (427) are respectively fixed to the two output shafts (422), and the number of teeth of the fourth gears (428) is smaller than that of the third gear (427).

3. The hydraulically driven full-automatic combined transplanter according to claim 1, wherein the number of transplanting systems (2) is two, arranged side-to-side, and the number of lifting brackets (31) and lifting cylinders (48) is two;

the second pump (44) is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the second pump respectively supply oil to the two lifting oil cylinders (48);

the two groups of separating and planting mechanisms (23) corresponding to the two groups of transplanting systems (2) are driven to operate by the two second hydraulic motors (47) respectively; the two second hydraulic motors (47) are connected in series and are supplied by the same oil outlet of the first pump (43).

4. A hydraulic-driven full-automatic combined transplanter according to claim 1, wherein an oil outlet of the first pump (43) is connected to the first hydraulic motor (46) through a first direction-changing valve (461) and a first speed-adjusting valve (462), and a first overflow valve (463) is connected in parallel to the oil supply circuit; the other oil outlet is connected with the second hydraulic motor (47) through a second reversing valve (471) and a second speed regulating valve (472), and a second overflow valve (473) is connected in parallel on the oil supply loop.

5. A hydraulically driven fully automatic combined transplanter according to claim 4, wherein the transplanting system (2) further comprises a land wheel device (24), the land wheel device (24) comprises a land wheel (241) and a speed counting assembly for detecting the rotation speed of the land wheel (241), the speed counting assembly is connected with the second speed regulating valve (472) to control.

6. The hydraulically driven full-automatic combined transplanter according to claim 1, wherein a valve block (481) is provided on an oil supply line between the second pump (44) and the lift cylinder (48); the copying system (3) further comprises a copying wheel device (32), the copying wheel device (32) is connected with a control rod (34) through a pull wire (33), the control rod (34) can act on a valve core (481a) of the valve group (481), and the valve group (481) is provided with a return spring (481b) which can return the valve core (481 a).

7. The hydraulically driven full-automatic combined transplanter according to claim 5, wherein the ground wheel assembly (24) comprises a fixed base (242) fixedly mounted on the front frame (11) and a floating base (243) connected to the ground wheel (241); the floating seat (243) is rotatably connected with the fixed seat (242), and an elastic pre-pressing mechanism (244) is connected between the floating seat and the fixed seat; the land wheel (241) and the floating seat (243) are respectively provided with a first friction piece (245) and a second friction piece (246), and the first friction piece (245) is in contact with the second friction piece (246).

8. The hydraulically driven full-automatic combined transplanter according to claim 5, wherein the speed counting assembly comprises a speed measuring gear (247) coaxially fixed with the ground wheel (241) and a speed measuring sensor (248) facing the teeth of the speed measuring gear (247).

9. A hydraulically driven full-automatic combined transplanter according to claim 1, wherein the soil levelling slitting rollers (13) are connected to the front frame (11) by floating roller frames (16); and a pre-pressing adjusting mechanism (17) is arranged between the floating roller frame (16) and the front frame (11).

10. The hydraulically driven full-automatic combined transplanter according to claim 1, wherein the soil levelling and slitting roller (13) comprises a main roller body (131), a plurality of slitting disks (132) are mounted on the main roller body (131) in an axial direction; the sewing disc (132) can be detached and replaced relative to the main roller body (131).

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