SU1814748A3 - Electromagnetic converter of reciprocating motion to rotary motion - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of reciprocating machines and can be used to convert reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational motion of the output shaft, for example, In 'vehicles.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of operational capabilities through the implementation of reverse modes.

Figure 1 presents a schematic structural diagram of an EMF; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; on figs e is the design of the rotor; figure 4 is a view of B on phipZ; in Fig.5 diagram of the inclusion of the windings of the electromagnets; figure 6 is a variant of the series connection of additional windings; 7 is a variant of the parallel connection of additional windings; on Fig - graphs of the oscillatory motion of magnetic shunts. associated with the piston system; in Fig.9-24 - the position of the magnetic shunts relative to the body of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnets at different phases of movement.

EMF is as follows.

The electromagnets 1, 2, 3, and 4, which make up the fixed magnetic circuit (not indicated in the drawing), cover the movable one; squirrel-cage rotor 5 on both sides. The upper parts of electromagnets 1, 2, 3 and 4 have one polarity, for example N, the lower parts have a different polarity, for example S. Electromagnets 1-4 are made of electrical steel, equipped with windings 6, 7,8,9 and are enclosed in a housing 10 of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum. The upper parts of the electromagnets 1-4 have through slots (not indicated in the drawing), each of which with a gap (not indicated in the drawing) includes a movable 1814748 AZ magnetic element in the form of magnetic shunts 1114, each of which, in turn, articulated with a piston system (not shown in the drawing), consisting of cylinders 15-18. The minimum gap between each of the shunts 11-14 and the corresponding slot can be obtained when they are performed with bevels, i.e. conical. Cylinders 15-18 are attached to the housing 10 by brackets 19-22, respectively, which are simultaneously guides for magnetic shunts 11-14. The rotor 5 has output shafts 23, rotates in bearings 24 and 25 and is made in the form of a disk, the housing 26 of which can be made, for example, of a strip of electrical steel wound on a shaft 23. In the radial grooves (not indicated in the drawing), cut in the housing 26 on the end surfaces of the rotor 5 from two sides, rods 27 of conductive material are laid. The rods 27 at both ends are mechanically and electrically connected to the inner rings 28 and the outer rings 29. The rings 28, 29 are made of the same material as the rods 27. The number of rods 27 must be odd.

The windings 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the electromagnets 1-4 are connected in parallel (Fig. 5) and through switches 30-33, which can be turned on according to a specific program, and a common switch 34 is connected to a DC circuit in which there is a current regulator 35.

In addition to the main windings 6-9 on the cores (not indicated in the drawing) of electromagnets 1-4, additional windings 36, 37, 28 and 39 are wound, which can be connected in series (Fig.6) or in parallel through a rectifier bridge 40 to the DC circuit (Fig.7).

The motion graphs of the magnetic shunts 11-14 shown in Fig. 8 are subject to sinusoidal laws, and the motion phases of the adjacent magnetic shunts are shifted 90 °. Moreover, the graph 41 corresponds to the movement of the magnetic shunt 11 defined by the cylinder 16, 42 — the magnetic shunt 12 specified by the cylinder 16:43 — the magnetic shunt 13. specified by the cylinder 17, and the 44 magnetic shunt 14 determined by the cylinder 18. The positions of the shunts 11 are highlighted on the graph -14 corresponding to time instants ti, t2, t3 and t4.

Figures 9-12 show how the magnetic shunts 11-14 at time t will be! located relative to the respective electromagnets 1-4, in particular, the magnetic shunt 11 will completely overlap the slot of the body of the electromagnet 11 and its magnetic flux will be maximum, while the remaining magnetic shunts 12, 13 and 14 will be located outside the bodies of the respective electromagnets 2-4 and, consequently, the magnetic fluxes generated by them will be close to zero, since the gap defined by the slots is quite large.

In FIG. 13-24 show a sequential picture of the position of the magnetic shunts 11-14 relative to the slots of the electromagnets 1-4 at regular times tz, t3, t4. The arrows show the direction of movement of the magnetic shunts 11-14 for the time interval between time instants ti, t2, t3, t4 and immediately after t4.

'EMF works as follows.

When the piston system is in the form of cylinders 15-18 under the action of the working fluid, the magnetic shunts 1114 will move in accordance with the motion diagram presented in Fig. 8, which will sequentially overlap the slots of the electromagnets 1-4. In the body of each of the electromagnets 1-4, the slot of which is blocked by the corresponding magnetic shunt 11-14, there will be a maximum magnetic flux, decreasing as the corresponding magnetic shunt 11-14 extends. Alternately changing the magnitude of the magnetic fluxes in the electromagnets 1-4 will lead to the formation of a rotating magnetic field, like a rotating magnetic field of an asynchronous machine, penetrating the body of the rotor 5 and crossing the rods 27 (Fig. 3, 4). In the rods 27 there are currents of the same direction on both sides of the rotor 5, which are closed in the rings 28 and 29.

As a result of the interaction of the rotating magnetic field created by the electromagnets 1-4 and the currents in the rods 27 of the rotor 5, a torque arises, driving the rotor * 5 in the same direction as the magnetic field. The rotation frequency will depend on the oscillation frequency of the magnetic shunts 11-14, the load moment and the magnitude of the magnetization current generated in the windings 6-9. The current can be changed by the regulator 35 (Fig. 5) or turned off altogether by the switch 34 to ensure free run-out or idling of the piston system.

To change the direction of rotation of the rotor, it is enough to change the phase rotation of two adjacent shunts 11-14.

Switches 30-33, included in a specific program, can ensure the start of the cylinder system (interconnected mechanically or hydraulically). So, if the magnetic shunts 11-14 are located in accordance with Fig.9. then to start the system, you must turn off the switches 30 and 33 in the windings 6 and 9 of the electromagnets 1 and 4 and turn off the switches 31 and 32 of the windings 7 and 8 of the electromagnets 2 and 3. In this case, the shunt 12, and then the shunt 13 (Fig.9-24) will be drawn into the slots of the respective electromagnets 2 and 3. From the time tz time (Figs. 17-20), the circuit breaker 30 and 31 will turn off, and the circuit breakers 32 and 33 will turn on. In other words, two adjacent circuit breakers will turn on and off in this sequence, which corresponds to the direction of motion of the magnetic field. .

To ensure a more complete effect of the rotation of the magnetic field, it is necessary that the magnetic flux changes according to a sinusoidal law. Such a regularity can be ensured by giving the magnetic shunts 11-14 an appropriate shape.

When changing the magnetic flux in "electromagnets 1-4 due to the movement of magnetic shunts 11-14 in the corresponding additional windings 36-39, the EMF variable E will be induced, the value of which depends on the value of the oscillation frequency of the magnetic shunts 11-14.

. * According to the equation: · io

Ε = 4.44 · W _A · -f _m .

where W _A is the total number of turn-ons. ^ th windings;

FT is the maximum value of the magnetic flux;

f _m - vibration frequency of magnetic shui • com. /./·/

At a certain frequency, the rectified EMF will become larger than the source EMF. Moreover, if the current source is a rechargeable battery, then the process of recharging the DC source will go on. The value of the rectified EMF can be varied, including windings 36-39 - sequentially (Fig.6) or in parallel to a four-phase rectifier bridge (Fig.7).

The proposed constructive solution provides the possibility of obtaining braking torque on the shaft. For this, it is necessary to stop the movement of magnetic shunts while maintaining the bias current in electromagnets. In this case, a braking moment is created due to the interaction of the rotor currents and a stationary magnetic field.

In the proposed technical solution, the number of nonmagnetic gaps in comparison with the prototype is reduced. In particular, X, in addition to the technologically necessary gap between the rotating rotor and the stationary magnetic system, there is a gap between the magnetic shunt entering the slot of the electromagnet.

And this gap can practically be minimized if, for example, a slot and a shunt are made with bevels. In this case, in the lowermost position, the magnetic shunt will almost completely overlap the slot.

At the same time, in the prototype there are several gaps between the movable magnesium top wire and the stationary elements of the magnetic system, which cannot be eliminated without changing the principle of action. -.:

Reducing the magnetic gaps between ί each shunt and the body of the electromagnet will reduce the magnetization current, and therefore, reduce electrical losses in the excitation circuit, which leads to an increase in the overall efficiency of the system.

The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed piston machine is as follows. . ' ₄ Increased machine versatility, as the possibility of reversing the output shaft, as well as obtaining electrical braking, recharging the battery and starting the machine from a constant current source is provided.

Higher efficiency, which is associated with a decrease in magnetic gaps between the moving elements and a decrease in the moving masses involved in the oscillatory process; in addition, magnetization reversal of the poles of electromagnets does not occur.

The metal consumption of the structure has been reduced: since the mobile system no longer has the function of transmitting magnetic flux, and the rotor is made in the form of a disk.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Electromagnetic converter. reciprocating motion in a rotary, containing a movable magnetic element mounted with the possibility of reciprocating motion, a fixed magnetic circuit that encloses a squirrel-cage rotor, and The reason is that, in order to expand operational capabilities by implementing reverse modes, the magnetic conductor is made in the form of electromagnets, each of which is equipped with a winding and made with through slots, a movable magnetic element Ί is made in the form of magnetic shunts installed opposite the slots in the electromagnets, while the rotor is made of an electrically conductive material in the form of a disk with radial rods on the end surfaces, and the additional windings of the electromagnets have terminals for connecting to a DC source through a rectifier, and the main windings 5 through controlled switches. 8υίδ + о ABOUT Fig.9 Fig 10 Fig // Fig.21 4 ft Fig 22 Fig23 Fig 24 Editor I. Shubina Compiled by L. Krukovsky Tehred M. Morgenthal Corrector N. Gunko Order 1846 Circulation Subscribed VNIIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the State Committee for Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushskaya nab., 4/5 Production and Publishing Combine Patent, Uzhgorod, 101 Gagarin St.