SU1758041A1 - Method of producing organomineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The method relates to chemical technology. When producing organic fertilizer, a peaty mixture is first prepared at a mass ratio of 1: 5, then the calculated amount of potash and phosphate fertilizers is added and the mixture is subjected to electrohydraulic treatment for 1-1.5 hours.

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemical technology, in particular, the production of organic-mineral fertilizers and can be used in agriculture.

As is known, untreated peat contains almost all the nutrients that are necessary for normal growth and development of plants. However, most of them are in peat in hard-to-absorb form and without prior treatment, its use does not give the desired effect.

A known method for producing sodium humate, in which finely ground peat is processed by heating for 2 hours with a 5% solution of soda ash. After daily settling and separation of the dissolved part from the peat mass, the liquid phase is evaporated to obtain dry sodium humate.

The disadvantage of this method is that it requires cumbersome equipment and high heat consumption to evaporate the dilute sodium humate solution.

A known method for producing organic fertilizers is where finely divided peat or brown coal is treated with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution.

The disadvantage of this method is that its implementation requires the use of scarce and expensive alkali and thorough mixing of the reactive components, since the remaining alkali has a destructive effect on the root system of plants.

There is a method in which the peat mix is subjected to electrohydraulic crushing, during which there is an intense dispersion of peat: the content of particles less than 250 microns in it reaches 80-90%, the mass content of nutrients and microelements increases, and the content of soluble nitrogen compounds increases. The ripening time is 10-15 days.

The disadvantage of the method should be considered the fact that during electrohydraulic processing goes into digestible form only

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a small part of the organic mass and nitrogen content in the peat, as well as a long time (10-15 days) for maturing the resulting mass.

The closest analogue of the claimed object, adopted by us for the prototype, is a method of obtaining organo-mineral fertilizers including processing of finely ground peat with 50-60% moisture with potassium iodine solution in an amount that predstabl of absorption capacity of the original peat ammonia.

As a result of this operation, humic acids found in peat are transformed into soluble peat, and with it peat is enriched with water-soluble nutrients.

In order to enrich with nutrients, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate are added and kept for 8 days for maturation.

The disadvantage of this method is that it takes a long time (8 days to ripen the obtained product) and the use of ammonium nitrate to increase the nitrogen content in the obtained product.

The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the method and improve the quality of the fertilizer.

This goal is achieved by adding water to the peat at a mass ratio of peat to water of 1: 5, and after adding superphosphate, the mixture is subjected to electrohydraulic treatment for 1-1.5 hours.

As a result of electrohydraulic treatment, the content of absorbed nitrogen increases due to the effect of a bacterial explosion so much that there is no need to add nitrogen fertilizers.

The proposed method for producing organo-mineral fertilizers is as follows.

A peat mix is prepared at a peat ratio of 1: 5.

Potash is added to the resulting peat mixture in the amount determined by the absorption capacity of peat ammonia. The specific consumption of potash is calculated by

Formula -5p- kg, where: A - preferential

ammonia peat capacity (kg); B - molecular weight (kg); C is the molecular weight of ammonia (kg).

With the addition of potash, insoluble humic acids found in peat

transformed into soluble humates. 2P (COOH) p + pK2CO3 2R (COOK) n + n (H20) + n (C02)

To reduce the pH of the medium at a pH of 7.1-7.2 and at the same time to enrich peat with phosphorus at a K20: P20s ratio of 1: 1 per 100 kg of absolutely dry peat, add

A x 100 superphosphate in the amount of -TQ- kg, where A

Thats

0 is the weight of K20 in kg, 18 is the average% content of digestible P20s in the initial superphosphate.

Peat mixture with potash and superphosphate is subjected to electrohydraulic treatment (100 pulses per 1 kg of suspension). The process duration is 1-1.5 hours.

EXAMPLE 1. The milled peat of the Tsalka deposit, used in this experiment, has an ammonia absorption capacity of 2.03% (calculated on the absolute dry matter) and contains in%: humic acids — 26.8; N — 0.16; Р205 - 0.05; K20 - 0.12.

500 kg of water are added to 100 kg of peat,

52 03 x 138

potash in the amount of 8.2 kg

or, in terms of K20 - 5.58 kg, superphosphate in the amount of 5.59 x 100 p 0 -18 kg and then peat

the mixture is subjected to electro-hydraulic processing. The duration of the process is 1.5 hours.

The obtained organo-mineral fertilizer in the form of a suspension has a pH of 7.1 and contains soluble humates -2.45%; N — 0.92%; Р205-2.32%; “20-1,52%.

PRI mme R 2. Of 100 kg of peat and 500 kg of water prepared peatwater on the mixture.

The initial peat has an ammonia absorption capacity of 1.3% (in terms of absolutely dry matter) and contains in%: humic acids - 20.66; N — 0.25; P20s - 0.08; “20 - 0.21. Potash is added in the amount of 5.27 kg or in terms of 3.59 kg, superphosphate at 1.3x138% 2x1

5.27 x 94

K20

138

3 V9 x100

Number of 19.94 kg. then

Electro-hydraulic machined. The process duration is 1-1.5 hours.

The obtained organic-mineral fertilizer in the form of a suspension has a pH of 7.15 and contains soluble humates - 2.2%; N - 0.9%; Р205-2,1%; “20-1.38%.

The transition of soluble nutrients over time is given in Table 1.

As can be seen from the table. 1, the optimum process time is 1.0-1.5 hours, during which time the transition of nutrients to a soluble state has practically ended.

The effectiveness of the method is as follows.

Increase in total contact surface between reagents; Improving the quality of fertilizers is due to an increase in the content of absorbed nitrogen due to the bacterial explosion effect occurring during the electrohydraulic processing of peat and excluding the addition of ammonium nitrate.

Acceleration of the method (according to the prototype, 8 days, according to the proposed method, 1-1.5 hours).

The formation of easily digestible forms of nutrients.

Increase in weight gain

In order to establish the effectiveness of the product obtained, 100 tons of organic and mineral fertilizer were produced, which were tested under various agricultural crops,

As a result of the experiments, it was established that the gain in yield, compared with the control, is in%: fruit trees and a vineyard, on average, 10-15; citrus fruits 15; corn 12; geraniums 33; karantus pink 40-45; kidney tea 50; stephanie is smooth 30.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of obtaining organic fertilizer, which includes treating peat, is potash, taken in an amount determined by the absorption capacity of peat ammonia, and adding superphosphate to it, which is characterized by the fact that, in order to speed up the process and improve the quality of the fertilizer, water at a mass ratio of peat and water of 1: 5, and after adding superphosphate, the mixture is subjected to electrohydraulic treatment for 1-1.5 hours.