RU2186752C2 - Method for obtaining plastic natural soil formation promoter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves mixing peat and solid alkali and subjecting mixture to treatment and additionally introducing cellulolytical ferment, with mentioned components being used in the ratio of 9:1:0.05, respectively. Joint treatment is performed in disintegrator for 10 min until obtaining of finely-dispersed mass. Method allows content of biologically active substances in end product to be increased and may be used for production of fertilizers and soil formation promoters. EFFECT: increased efficiency and reduced power consumption.

Description

 The invention relates to the agricultural industry, and in particular to methods for the production of fertilizers and activators of soil formation.

 The problem of improving the condition of soils, increasing their fertility and land reclamation is more acute than ever before mankind in connection with the growth of population and the negative results of its industrial activity. To improve soil, people have long used various products and substances of both natural origin and chemically obtained, but the problem has not been completely resolved.

One of the ways to increase soil fertility is through the use of peat humic fertilizers, combining components of natural origin and chemicals. One of these fertilizers is dry peat humic fertilizer obtained by the method described in the patent of the Russian Federation 2075466, taken by us as a prototype. The specified method consists in mixing dry milled peat, dry alkali and dry bird droppings in ratios of 6: 1: 5, respectively, in the subsequent grinding of the mixture in a ball or hammer mill and obtaining the final product with the following parameters:
nitrogen (in terms of N-NH ₄ ) 6.0 g / l
phosphorus (in terms of P ₂ O ₅ ) 16.0 g / l
potassium (in terms of K ₂ O ₄ ) 15.0 g / l
humic complexes from 6.0 to 8.0 g / l
The disadvantages of this method are the low content in the final product of a biologically active substance - humic acids - only 10% of the total mass, i.e. the initial components are not used optimally, in addition, the process is very energy intensive due to the presence of a drying stage in it, in addition, the method requires the involvement of a large amount of equipment, which complicates the technological scheme.

 The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the content of biologically active substances in the final product, reduce energy consumption, simplify the hardware design of the process.

 The problem is solved by the proposed method, including mixing peat and solid alkali and their further joint processing, whereby the cellulolytic enzyme is additionally introduced, then all components in a ratio of 9: 1: 0.05 are loaded into a disintegrator and processed for 10 minutes to obtain a finely divided mass. Preparation of the natural activator of soil formation for use consists in diluting it with a liquid component to obtain a suspension, moreover, a solution is prepared in the ratio: one part of a dry plastic component per thousand parts of water, then the solution is stirred and incubated for 1.5 hours.

 The proposed technical solution differs from the prototype by adding to the initial components of the cellulolytic enzyme, as well as the ratio of the starting components, which is 9: 1: 0.05.

 The proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The method according to the invention consists in the fact that the active components, such as peat, cellulolytic enzyme and alkali, are introduced into the disintegrator in a ratio of 9: 1: 0.05 and processed there. This ratio of the starting components was not chosen by chance, it is optimal for this composition and, combined with gentle treatment for 10 minutes in the disintegrator, makes it possible to obtain a uniform finely divided mass that does not require additional drying, which means additional energy-intensive equipment and the complexity of the technology, is easy It is prepared for use and effectively affects soil improvement processes due to the high content of biologically active substances (humates) in the final product.

 In the proposed composition, peat serves as a supplier of humic acids, alkali is necessary as an extractor and educator of easily accessible humic complexes and also as a soil deoxidant. A cellulolytic enzyme, for example cellulose, acts as a destructor of the ligno-cellulose complex, which increases the yield of readily available humic complexes.

 Mixing these components in a ratio of 9: 1: 0.05 allows to achieve an increased yield of biologically active materials and optimize the use of raw materials.

 Thus, the task is solved: they get a high-quality product with a high content of biologically active substances, reduce energy consumption while simplifying the hardware design and technology for preparing a dry plastic mixture and preparing it for use.

 This solution does not follow directly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The method is as follows.

 Peat of any moisture content (up to 85%), alkali and cellulolytic enzyme are loaded into a DP-2 disintegrator in a weight ratio of 9: 1: 0.05 and processed for 10 minutes until a homogeneous mass with a particle size of 0.1-0.15 mm, which is achieved by obtaining a product with desired properties. The method of preparation for use, consisting in diluting with water a plastic product, is carried out in one cycle by diluting one weight part of the dry product in a thousand parts of water and keeping this solution for 1.5-2 hours (mainly 1.5 hours).

 In more detail, the invented method is described using examples that do not limit the invention.

Example 1
9 kg of peat with a humidity of up to 85%, 1 kg of alkali and 0.05 kg of cellulolytic enzyme (for example, celloviridine GZh) are loaded into the disintegrator. All this is mixed and crushed by disintegrator disks for 10 minutes until a finely divided, homogeneous mass with desired properties is obtained.

Example 2
Take one weight part of the plastic product and diluted in a thousand parts of water, preferably with a temperature of ~ 50 ^o C, mix and incubated for at least 1.5 hours. Then the finished solution is applied to the soil at the rate of 1000 l per 100 m ² .

 The proposed method for producing the product is simple, not energy-intensive, waste-free, increases the yield of biologically active substances (humates) from a unit of raw materials, reduces the cost of production. The method of preparing the product for use is also simple, one-cycle, for its implementation only water is required, which determines the possibility of its use in hard-to-reach and remote areas, because simplifies and reduces the cost of its delivery to the place of use.

 A significant content of biologically active substances (humates) in the final product leads to the creation of elective conditions for parent microorganisms, which leads to their activation. As a result of this, as a result of complex biochemical processes in the soil, positive changes occur - acidity decreases or completely disappears, plant protection products (pesticides, etc.) decompose, nitrate-nitrite complexes return to normal, heavy metals transform into biologically inert forms, and decrease radiation background, environmentally friendly humus is intensively produced.

 In addition, the product has a beneficial effect on the development of crops: germination, yield (up to 25%) increases, ripening time is reduced (by 15-20 days), resistance to diseases and adverse environmental factors increases, and thanks to all this, an environmentally friendly agricultural crop ripens cultures.

 The need for such a simple way to obtain a natural activator of soil formation is obvious, and its implementation will not cause difficulties, since they use well-known technological methods and known equipment. Thus, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

 A method of obtaining a plastic natural activator of soil formation, including mixing peat and solid alkali and their further joint processing, characterized in that the mixing of peat and hard fines is carried out with the additional introduction of cellulolytic enzyme in a ratio of 9: 1: 0.05, respectively, and joint processing is carried out in the disintegrator for 10 minutes to obtain a finely divided mass.