SU1755735A1 - Strain of macroscopic oyster mushroom, pleurotus ostreatus (jast f @@@) kummer somatic structures - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: agriculture and biotechnology. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A strain is obtained on a substrate with a cereal base and subcultured into a solid substrate for cultivation prior to the production of fungal fruit bodies. The use of the strain allows to increase the yield of fruit bodies and exclude the operation of cooling the substrate with the grown mushroom to stimulate fruit formation, which simplifies the technology. The strain is resistant to extraneous microflora. 4 tab.

Description

The invention relates to mycology and biotechnology and can be used in agriculture, in subsidiary facilities of weaving, mining, metallurgical and other industries.

The strain Pleurotusostreatus -481 BHP BT (1975) (Veterinary University, BHP, Budapest). The fruit body is 6-11 cm tall, 3-6 cm wide, the head is egg-shaped. Leg 3-9 cm long, 2-3 cm thick, rounded, whitish. Spores 18-20x10-12 microns, cylindrical, smooth, single-celled. The pH is close to neutral, the optimum temperature is 24-26 ° C.

The disadvantages of the strain are: the need for cold stress, high light sensitivity. Both of these drawbacks entail an increased energy intensity of production technology. In order to carry out the cold cycle in the cultivation building, it is necessary to install permanently included refrigerating

high power units, which is technically difficult and economically feasible. To initiate fruiting, light needs to be in the range of 7-8 thousand lux, i.e., the photophilous strain is comparable to the photophilousness of greenhouse vegetables, while strain KB No. 1017 is able to form fruit bodies at 400 lux / hour illumination, i.e. to the light of this strain is 20 times lower than that of the known.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is the strain of macromycete Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr) Kummer VKMR-2465D - producing fruit bodies of edible fungi on the waste of the forest and timber processing industries.

The strain VKMG-2465D is not used in intensive production. Not able to bear fruit without cold shock. Sensitive to lack of light. The strain VKMG-2465D uses wood as a substrate - a valuable raw material.

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The aim of the invention was to obtain a new high-yielding strain of the somatic structures of the macroscopic fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (Jasg: Fr) Kummer, differing from the prototype with increased resistance to adverse factors, the ability to bear fruit without cold stress.

The strain of oyster mushroom Plaurotus ostreatus (Jasg: Fr) Kummer KB No. 1007 was isolated from the natural population by the selection method, taking into account yield indicators on production waste during intensive cultivation, the habit of fruit bodies and the taste of the fungus. The strain is deposited in the collection of the Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. I.G. Cold at number 1017.

Cultural and morphological indications.

From the place where the inoculum is introduced into the petri dishes, the mycelium begins to spread evenly, with substrate hyphae first developing. The edge of the colony when viewed from the top-fringed. The color of the seven-day culture colony on potato-glucose agar is snow white, its texture is cotton and woolly, the height of the aerial mycelium is up to 3 mm, the colony has a mushroom aroma atom. As the appearance of numerous predstands and tails, primordmi begin to form, revealing a positive phototropic reaction. Microscopic studies show that the hyphae are colorless, their apexes are characterized by a homogeneous structure of the protoplasm. With age, vacuoles and fatty inclusions appear in the mycelium cells. The branching of the hyphae is dichotomous at the beginning; subsequently, numerous strands appear with the differentiation of cells. The formation of primordia is accompanied by the appearance of a yellow-orange color. The width of the hyphae varies from 3–8 μm, the length of the cells is 16–80 μm and more, respectively. Partitions are laid both at the places of occurrence of the buckles and between the cells that do not have the buckles. Asexual fruiting is represented by chlamydospores and anamorphs. The presence of numerous anamorphs is a micromorphological characteristic; The high structure of the colonies is the strain CAV 1017.

Physiological and biochemical signs. On agar media growth of the mycelium is noted in the temperature range 3,., 5 ... 40 ° C. Intensive growth of the mycelium was observed at temperatures of 24 and 25 ° C. At a temperature of 27 ° C, the growth of the strain of the strain on potato-glucose agar was 11.4 ± 0.1 mm / day. The growth rate of the mycelium in Petri dishes on wort agar at the optimum temperature is 11.80 ± 0.2 mm / day.

Attitude to carbohydrates. The greatest accumulation of biomass by the HC strain 1017 occurred on a medium containing lactose, maltose, mannitol and galactose.

Relation to nitrogen sources. On a medium with urea, ammonium nitrate, sulfate and nitrate it develops quite intensively. According to the results of biomass accumulation, glutamine and aspartic substances were the best for the culture of the strain.

acid.

Attitude to alcohols. Well absorbs mannitol.

The optimum pH for biomass accumulation by the KA 1017 strain is in the range of 6.55

units.

The color reactions to tyrosinase, lictase, peroxylase are positive.

Examples of specific performance. Intensive cultivation technology suggests the possibility of using low-cost substrates, highly productive strains resistant to adverse factors, the most high-quality seed mycelium.

The straw is moistened and then heat-treated with steam from the boiler house for one hour. The steam temperature is 160-180 ° C. The sterilization process may be replaced by pasteurization.

In this case, the substrate is poured with shave water in welded metal baths and is kept at this temperature for 3-4 hours. After the water has cooled, the substrate is removed from the bath and placed in

cylindrical containers made of wire section 6-8 mm. Containers are covered with a perforated polyethylene sheath. After cooling the substrate to 23-25 ° C, it is inoculated with seed grain through openings in a plastic sheath. The seeding rate is calculated taking into account the dimensions of the container. About 30 kg of the substrate is placed in a container with a diameter of 33 cm and a height of 100 cm.

To inoculate a substrate in such a container, 650 g of cereal mycelium is consumed. The growth of the mycelium in the substrate at a room temperature of 21-22 ° C lasts about 20 days. Temperature inside at

This is higher, which corresponds to the temperature optimum of the vegetative phase of fungal development. With the appearance of the primordia of the bodies (heads and legs) of the fungus, the polyethylene shells are removed from the containers, and the temperature in the room is reduced to 12–15 ° C. The conditions for moistening are regulated in this way. The first 5-6 days should ensure that drip water does not fall on the blocks. In the following days, all the blocks are rather often poured with water from a hose with a spray gun, but so that puddles do not form on the floor. At 12-15 ° C, to maintain a relative humidity of about 95%, the number of irrigations increases up to 4-5 times. Relative humidity can be maintained automatically by using cone dispensers to humidify the air. During the fruiting period, the room is aired to remove excess carbon dioxide. Illumination is not necessary for the first 5-6 days. From the moment of the mass occurrence of fruit bodies, an optimum luminous intensity of 700-800 lx / h is created. When using glazed and film greenhouses, lighting is not necessary.

The habitat of the fruit bodies of the strains BKMF-2465D and KB 1017 is given in Table. one.

Production tests for the yield of strain KB No. 1017 were carried out on the basis of the Krasnoselsky state farm in the Artyomovsky district.

The seed mycelium of the prototype and the claimed strain was obtained on a grain basis in the same conditions. The substrate (freshly harvested, not contaminated with extraneous microflora, pasteurized straw) with a humidity of 68-70% of the total moisture content, pH 6.6, was inoculated with mycelium of 21 days old.

Blocks overgrown with the mycelium of the VKMR-2465D prototype were subjected to cold shock. In the absence of cold shock, the prototype strain does not bear fruit, therefore, it is impossible to compare the yield of the prototype and the claimed strain without cold shock.

The blocks of the claimed strain KB No. 1017 began to bear fruit without cold shock 12 days earlier than the blocks with the prototype.

The cultivation of mushrooms was carried out under the same conditions according to the technology.

Yield accounting was carried out on three waves of product collection, taking into account the habits (the diameter of the head and the length of the leg). Commercial commodity bodies were considered the top of strain KB No. 1007 with a head size of at least 4 cm and with a leg trimmed to a length of no more than 4 cm.

The results of the yield of the claimed strain and prototype on a substrate of straw

in kg per 2 kg of dry straw are given in table 2.

The results of the comparison of the yield of the claimed strain and the prototype by the Student's criterion are given in Table. 3

The results of the tests showed the following; on a substrate of wheat straw per 100 kg of air-dry mass of the yield of the claimed strain KB 1017 was 74.9 kg of mushrooms, and the yield of the prototype KBMF-2465D was 50.6 kg of mushrooms, which suggests a higher yield claimed strain.

Representatives of the genera Aspergjllus, Penlclllum, Trlchoderma show a strong antagonism against the common oyster mushroom. The interaction was studied in mixed culture on Petri dishes on KGA of the claimed strain, prototype, and micromycetes.

Conditions of experience: lack of light, temperature 25 ° C.

Compared the growth rate of xylotrophs in pure culture and in the presence of micromycete. For mathematical processing, univariate analysis of variance and Dunnet's criterion were used.

The results of the influence of micromycetes on the growth rate of xylotrophs in a mixed culture are given in Table. four.

Of the studied xylotrophs, the strain KB 11017, which differs sharply from the prototype in its activity, is the most resistant and competitive.

The useful property of the KB Mg 1017 strain is the ability to utilize cotton waste from weaving, corn cobs for cereal straw, etc. The use of the strain in the utility facilities of weaver's industries ensures the creation of waste-free production technology. The advantage is also that the blocks remaining from the fruited substrate can be used to add to organic fertilizers or as protein-vitamin supplements to cattle feeds. Thus, along with the possibility of obtaining sufficiently high yields of oyster mushroom of the common strain CB Mg 1017, the environmental problem of pollution from biological contamination is simultaneously solved.

Strain KB ISfe 1017 is suitable for fresh feeding, canning and drying for the preparation of mushroom powder.

Claims (1)

Claims of Invention Strain of somatic structures of macroscopic fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (Last. Fr) Kummer KB No. 10t7 - producer of fruit bodies. Table 1 table 2 Continuation of table 2 Table 3 Table 4