SU1755728A1 - Potato digger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the separation of tubers from impurities. The potato digger consists of a digging rotor 7 mounted on the frame, longitudinal blades 28 with fingers 44 receiving device, control copier, spring-loaded clamps and one-shoulder link with spring-loaded pusher-pusher shoe fittings, 36-to-10-bar. the ends of the blades. The rotor is hollow and has windows located between the longitudinal blades. The bent pins are installed with the possibility of rocking in the plane of rotation of the rotor, and the receiving device is made in the form of an auger placed in the rotor cavity. The rotor windows are equipped with elastic guards - reflectors. When the rotor 7 rotates, the blades 28 take up the soil with tubers and feed it into the receiving device. The auger separates the tubers from the soil and impurities. 1 hp f-ly, 10 ill.

Description

FIG. 6

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and can be used for harvesting potatoes and other root crops in soils with high humidity.

A rotary root-and-field rotor digger containing a frontally driven rotor mounted with fingers curved in a direction of rotation and a receiving device behind it with straight fingers mounted on a rotor rotating in the same direction with the driving rotor and with greater speed relative to it.

However, the known device is not intended for harvesting potatoes from tops and can work only after preliminary mowing the latter. In addition, it does not provide a device for forcibly separating the soil from the tubers, as a result of which individual clods of soil can get onto the conveyor, which reduces the quality of harvesting. After separation, the tubers have a free flight phase, after which they fall on the receiving device and are injured.

A potato trowel is offered, comprising a frontal dripping rotor mounted on the frame, longitudinal blades with fingers bent in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and a receiving device.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the separation of tubers from impurities and reduce injury to tubers.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the potato digger is equipped with a control copier mounted on the frame, spring-loaded springs and made in the form of single-arm links with spring-loaded pusher mi tuber separators, hinged at the free ends of the blades. The rotor is hollow and has windows located between the longitudinal blades. The bent pins are installed with the possibility of rocking in the plane of rotation of the rotor, and the receiving device is made in the form of a screw placed in the rotor cavity. The rotor windows are provided with elastic shield reflectors.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a potato digger; FIG. 2 — node I in FIG. 1; in fig. 3 shows a section A-A in FIG. in fig. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. 3; in fig. 5 is a top view of a potato digger (not enclosed); in fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the mechanisms of the device: in FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section of the attachment of the clamps; in fig. 8 - section G-D in fig. 7; on

FIG. 9 is a section d-d in fig. 7; in fig. 10 shows section EE of FIG. 7

Potato harvester contains self-propelled or trailed (aggregated)

a transport frame 1 on wheels 2 designed to move it and copy the soil. The axis 3 of the rear wheels of the frame 1 is common and runs across the frame. The axles of the front wheels of the frame are individual for each ko0 forest. The transverse lintels of frame 1 are U-shaped in a vertical plane.

A working frame 4 is mounted on the transport frame 1, having a U-shaped frame in the horizontal plane, and its transverse bridges have the same shape in the vertical plane to create an agronomic height. Between the front frame lintels in their middle section

0 is a hinged hydraulic cylinder 5. The working frame 4 is hinged on one side with axis 3 on one side, and with its front part rests on symmetrical projections for it on frame 1.

5The stator 6 is fixed on the working frame 4

with a rotor 7, a set of cleaning discs 8 with an asterisk 9 on a common shaft with them, a gearbox 10 and a drive shaft 11 with asterisks 12 and 13.

Q For an assembly variant, for example, with a wheeled tractor, the potato digger is equipped with a chain transmission 14, one sprocket of which is mounted on the tractor's power take-off shaft and the other on the shaft of the reduction gear 10 of the tractor (Fig. 5).

The stator 6 includes a pipe 15 with a longitudinal through window, support bowls 16, on which the rims of the gear wheels 17 and the copiers 18 are fixed, and the chute 19, lined

n inside the rubberized material, wood, etc. The support bowls 16 have lateral through holes B (FIG. 5) for mounting and passage of the transmission chains. Inside the pipe 15 is placed a screw 20. resting on the bottom of the studs 21 and having an asterisk 22 at the end of its drive shaft. Bearings 21 are located in the end caps 23 of the pipe 15.

At the top of each bowl 1 b there is provided a through hole for the passage of the bolt 24 intended to lock the rotor 7 in the transport position. The rotor includes a housing 25 with three longitudinal through windows (equally spaced in cross section) supported on the pipe 15 of the stator 6 through bearings 26. Sprockets 27 are fixed at the ends of the housing 25, and in its middle part there are three continuous longitudinal blades 28 (Fig. 2) longer

windows. Along the edges of the longitudinal sides of the windows

The housings 25 are provided with hinge loops to which the spring-loaded clamps 29 (Fig. 1) are fastened with the help of a cut finger 30 (Fig. 7). Each clamp 29 is provided with an elastic damper 31 (Fig. 1), for example, from rubberized tape, and with the help of springs 32 is pressed in the direction of the blade 28.

At the ends of the fingers 30, the levers 33 are fitted with rollers 34 intended to interact with the cam 18. The pipe 15 is provided with hinged spring-loaded or made of elastic material reflector plates 35.

The pushers-tuber separators 36 (Fig. 1) using fingers 37 (Fig. 2) are hinged on the free ends of the longitudinal blades 28 and are made in the form of single-arm links 38 with elastic-reinforced shoes 39, spring-loaded with springs 40. Rotation of one-shoulder links is limited stops 41 on the blade x 28.

On the reverse side of each longitudinal blade 28, cylinders 32 are pivotally mounted on axes 42 of tuber-separator 36 on the axles 42 in which working members are movable in the longitudinal direction — pointed curved fingers (at an angle of 15 ... 30 degrees) 44 , spring-loaded springs 45. Each of the cylinders 43 is pressed by the spring 46 to the shock absorber 47 and has a retained tongue 48, in contact with which is the cap 49, fastened to the rod 50, pressed by the spring 51 in the telescopic connection of the pusher 52, the stem of which has a seal 53 on housing 54 and, in turn, is spring-loaded return spring 55, providing a constant contact of the pusher 52 from the shaft cams 56 fixed in the housing 54 on bearings, cam shaft 56 functions as a vibrator.

The cams of the shaft 56 are located on it with different angles to each other in cross section.

At the ends of the shaft 56 are fixed gears 57 (Fig, 3), which are in engagement with the stationary ring gear 17 of the corresponding bowl 16. The bent fingers 44 are placed along the grip front of the potato digger with a pitch, for example 60-70 mm, having individual contacts with the cams of the shaft 56 and springs 45. A shock absorber 47 is provided for common. The sprockets 27 are connected by a chain 59 with sprockets 12 fixed on the respective shafts 11 connected to the gearbox 10. At the end of the shaft 11 a sprocket 13 is fixed, connected

chain 58 with an asterisk 22 screw. Chain drives are equipped with a tension roller 60 Cleaning discs 61 are assembled on one shaft 62 in accordance with the spacing of the bent pins 44 and pass between them with a small gap. The sprocket 63 of the chain drive of the disk sets 61 is fixed on the axis 3 of the frame 1. The top of the potato digger and the chain gears are closed.

0 protective covers.

The potato digger works as follows. Previously, one star gear of the transfer gear 14 is put on the tractor's power take-off shaft and the other on the shaft.

5 of the gearbox 10. Next, the locking of the rotor 7 is released from the bolts 24, the frame 4 rises by the hydraulic cylinder relative to the frame 1, and the work of the potato digger is idle when the curved pallet 44 of the soil 44 is not in contact with the soil. In the field with the beginning of the movement of the potato digger, the frame 4 is lowered back into the working position on the supports of the frame 1 by the hydraulic cylinder 5 and rotation from the gearbox 10,

5 shafts 11, sprockets 12 and 13 are transmitted through sprockets 58 and 59 to sprockets 22 and 27, driven by the screw 20 and rotor 7 (rotated in one direction). During the rotation of the rotor 7 gear 57 run around gear

the rim of the wheels 17 and transmit the rotation to the shafts 56, the cams of which interact with the pushers 52, successively with them through the fingers 50, the caps 49 transmit the pressure to each item 48, so that

5 cylinders 43 with curved fingers 44 acquire a swinging movement around their fingers 42 with a small amplitude (vibration). Each cylinder 43 returns to its initial position

Q spring 46. A different arrangement of the cams between each other in angle (cross section) on the shaft 56 ensures the vibration of the bent fingers 44 not all at once in one direction (up-down), but in turn,

with creating wave motion along the front. The bent fingers 44 of the vibriro are thus inserted into the soil and, continuing in a circular motion with the rotor 7, dig up bushes along the entire length of the grip. The vibration of the crooked fingers 44 is constant in the process of the potato digging machine and contributes to their easier penetration into the soil and better leaching of the soil, especially in conditions of high humidity. Potato nests with their curved fingers 44 are initially moved to the position of the tops to the longitudinal blades m 28, and then fall on them due to the bending of the fingers 44, advancing the tuber close to the pusher club0

five

non-separator 36, thus preparing for their separation. At this time, the roller 34 comes into contact with the cam 18 and, rolling over it, rotates the lever 33 together with the clamp 29, twisting the spring 32, presses the tops to the longitudinal blade 28 along the entire length with the help of a shock absorber 31 providing the clamp of different thick tops . The resilient shield of the reflector (tubers) 35 that was freed at this time is rectified, creating a wall of the receiving bin.

Vibrating curved fingers 44 effectively continue to separate the soil and divide the tubers with the foliage on the raised longitudinal blade 28 at an angle to the ground. When it reaches a position close to 45 ° above the horizon, the loose (previously broken) tubers themselves roll down down clamp 29, and the tubers remaining on the leaves are dropped the next time by the push-pull separator 36. The push-pull tuber 36 falls under its weight at an angle of 5-50 °, rotating around its hinges and fingers 37 until the impact of the one-arm link 38 to the stop 41 and stops, and the massive shoe 39, compressing the spring 40, continues to move by inertia, the first few swings with a large amplitude and breaks Clu BnI, pressing on them from above (the tops continue to be held by the clamp 29). The stop 41 somewhat absorbs, quenching noise and a sharp blow. The tubers separated into the auger 20 through the window of the rotor 7 and the stator 6, together with the remnants of the earth, leaves of the tops, etc. they are discharged outside through the chute 19. In the next segment of the rotor 7, the roller 34 comes out from under the influence of the copier 18 and the clamp 29 under the action of the springs 32 in its initial position will close its window in the rotor 7, thus bending the elastic shield reflector 35 , and released from the tops fall from it down. The bent pins 44, in the zone of action of the cleaning discs 61, rotating in the direction of rotation of the rotor (in one direction), are cleaned by them from the leaf foliage and clods in the direction opposite to clogging. Finger cleaning is also facilitated by the self-cleaning of fingers.

The lower window of the rotor 7 is closed by a clamp 29 (having a corresponding profile before being introduced into the soil

bent fingers 44. The roller 34 at this time is in cooperation with the cam 18. Thus, the clamps 29 and other organs work sequentially as the rotor 7 rotates. Ski 65 adjusts

0

5 0 5 about 5 Q with p

five

in height and slope before starting the work of the potato digger for protection against premature falling under the curved fingers 44 of the tops of the encountered bushes.

In the case of a backward curved fingers 44 on a solid object, they are automatically deflected and a shock-absorbing shift in length, without causing negative consequences, since paragraph 48 moves away from cap 49.

After contact with a solid object is discontinued, the bent fingers 44 are returned to their original position by the action of springs and begin to vibrate again. The impact force from the cylinder 43 on the longitudinal blade 28 perceives the shock absorber 47, and from the tip 48 through the cap and the rod 50 - the spring 51.

Thus, the potato digger is equipped with shock absorption, preventing its breakage when it encounters a solid object.

The discs 61 are rotated by a chain transmission using sprockets 9 and 63 when the potato digger is moving.

After finishing the work and for the transport position of the potato digger, the frame 4 is raised by the hydraulic cylinder 5 relative to the frame 1 and contrasted with the bolts 24, which prevents the curving fingers 44 from touching the ground.

Claims (2)

Invention Formula 1, Potato digger containing frontal podkapay-vayu installed on the frame (rotor, longitudinal blades with fingers bent in the direction of rotation of the rotor and a receiving device, which is designed to control the quality of tubers from impurities copier mounted on the frame, spring-loaded clamps, and made in the form of single-shouldered links with spring-loaded shoes pusher mi tuber separators, hinged at the free ends of the blades, while the rotor is hollow and s an arranged between the longitudinal blades window, the curved fingers are mounted to oscillate in the plane of rotation of the rotor, and the receiving device is designed as a rotor disposed in the cavity of the screw. 2. The potato digger according to claim 1, in accordance with the fact that the windows of the rotor are provided with elastic shield-reflectors. 1 / r r r "R -, x, Јj v I but to d-epf S H II oi -JL ... A neh L-G / B Mt 81 9-9 8ZIS9il ABOUT . 5, A L. yJL lm gd Phie & ABOUT . 5, A L. yJL dd HER Fig &