SU1752968A1 - Method of relieving mine workings from strain - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mining and is used in mining operations. It allows to reduce material and labor costs for carrying out and maintaining workings. Advance wells are drilled from the cross-sectional center of the protected development. By the directional action of an explosion in the wells, it forms a layer-like destruction of the zone located at an angle to the horizon equal to the angle of displacement of the lateral rocks and intersecting on the vertical axis of the excavation. The shortest distance from the destroyed zones to the production contour is 6-10 to the radii of destruction in this direction. The reservoir-shaped destroyed zones are the lateral faces of the zone of unloaded rocks, having the shape of a prism, in which the excavation is located. This allows not to disturb the equilibrium state of the rock mass around the completed production, makes it possible to refuse to carry out additional chambers to accommodate drilling equipment, to eliminate the costs of dismantling, delivering and installing this equipment. 3 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to mining, and in particular to methods for protecting mine workings from damage under the action of rock pressure.

In mining, a method of excavating a mine in an unloaded array is known, including determining the radius of the inelastic deformation zone, drilling wells that change their direction during drilling, blasting camouflet charges into them, and then mining the mine.

To increase the sustainability of production in the unloaded mountain massif, the wells for camouflage charges are drilled at a distance from the generation axis equal to 1, 0-1, 2 radii of the inelastic zone. deformations.

This method has the following disadvantages. A zone of inelastic deformations is formed over a long time, so there is a difficulty in determining the distance from the production axis, at which the well is drilled, and

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ate you

Os 00

non-observance of this distance worsens the state of growth. Since the drilling process changes its direction, a special equipment is required for this, which leads to an increase in the cost of work.

There is also known a method of unloading mine workings from stresses, which includes drilling and blasting wells of a variable length along the section from the advance cavity, which is carried out above the protected development parallel to the plane of the protected zone. The angle of inclination of the wells is taken to be equal to the angle f5 of the lateral displacement. - The disadvantage of this method is that it is necessary to carry out an additional advance cavity, delivery of drilling equipment to it, 20; Drilling a variable cross-section well requires special drilling equipment. This leads to the appreciation of work.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a method of unloading mine workings from stresses, which consists in drilling and blasting holes in a mountain massif with the formation in it of a plate-30 like-shaped zones of destroyed rocks located in planes that do not intersect with production, where each zone of destroyed rocks is performed

The goal is achieved according to the method of unloading rock workings from stresses, including drilling wells and exploding charges in them, forming ruptured rock formations in the heap of flat-shaped zones that do not intersect with the working areas and surrounding areas , from the center of the cross-section of the development of the drill, I run ahead of the wells, and the zone unloaded in a form in the form of a prism, the lateral of which represent a reservoir-shaped zones of broken rocks intersecting on the vertical axis of the work, located eu under coal to the horizon equal to the angle of the lateral rocks shifted, and the shortest distance from the contour of the lateral edge of the prism is 6–10 collisions in this direction

New in relation to the well-known method is the creation of the leading with respect to the development of zones of unloaded rocks in the form of prisms, the lateral faces of which are the layer-shaped zones of the destroyed genus, intersecting on the vertical axis of the excavation, located at an angle to the horizontal breeds, and located at the shortest distance from the contact point

outside the mine output projection - 35 mines, equal to 6-10 radii

ki on these planes. For drilling and blasting operations, drilling chambers located on both sides of the mine workings in staggered order are carried out.

The known method has the following disadvantages. Formation of layer-like zones of destroyed rocks is made when production has already been completed. In this case, there is a violation of the equilibrium state of the rock mass around the already completed production, which leads to an increase in the load on the lining, its deformation and possible destruction, leads to an increase in the cost of maintaining the workings. Conducting drilled operations requires drilling chambers, installation and dismantling of drilling equipment in them, which increases the cost of conducting.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the material and labor costs for carrying out and maintaining workings.

40

45

50

55

destruction in this direction.

The shortest distance between the spur-like zones of destroyed p and the contour of the mine is due to move the stresses on the contour deep into the mass in this time to exclude the influence of the fractured zones on the mine.

The size of the distance from the reservoir of different zones of destroyed rocks to the development tour represents the size of the zone of influence of the charge taken during the formation of the reservoir different zones and conditionally accepted production depends on the rocks where the work is done. The width of this conditional development is assumed to be two radii of destruction in this direction.

Since the zone of influence of mines is three times the width of the excavation when sandstone is mined, four

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of discharge of mine workings from stresses, including the drilling of wells and blasting charges in them with the formation in the mountain mass of flat-shaped zones of destroyed rocks located in planes that do not intersect with the excavation and surrounding areas of unloaded rocks from the center of the cross section of the development of the drill is ahead of the well, and the zone of unloaded rocks is formed in the form of a prism, the lateral facets of which are plastically shaped zones of destroyed rocks intersecting generating a vertical axis, raspolagayuschies at an angle to the horizontal equal to the angle of displacement of the wall rocks, the shortest distance from the generating circuit to the lateral face of the prism 6-10 is equal to the radius fracture in a given direction

New in relation to the known method is the creation of a prism ahead of development of the zone of unloaded rocks in the form of a prism, the lateral faces of which are layer-like zones of destroyed rocks intersecting on the vertical axis of the excavation, inclined at an angle to the horizontal horizon - marriages of the side rocks, and located at the shortest distance from the contour

0

five

0

five

destruction in this direction.

The shortest distance between the plate-shaped zones of the destroyed rocks and the contour of the excavation is due to move the stresses arising on the contour into the bulk of the massif and in the volume of time to eliminate the influence of the destroyed zones on the generation.

The size of the distance from the reservoir zones of the destroyed rocks to the contour of the excavation is the size of the zone of influence of the charge exploded during the formation of the reservoir zones and conditionally taken as production depends on the rocks in which the work is performed. The width of this conditional development is assumed to be equal to two radii of destruction in a given direction.

Since the zone of influence of the excavation is three times the width of the excavation when excavating in sandstone, four

in aleurolite and sandy shale, five sizes when held in mudstones and shale, the shortest distance from the layer-like zones of the destroyed rocks to the production contour ranges from three to five diameters of destruction (6-10 radii of destruction) in this direction depending on the breeds. As this distance increases, the stresses on the production contour are restored, while the plastiform zones decrease, they affect the production.

The arrangement of the lateral faces of the unloaded zone in the form of a prism at an angle to the horizon equal to the angle of displacement of the lateral rocks and with the faces intersecting on the vertical axis of the excavation is due to the fact that they artificially create an array similar to the unloaded zone arising during the excavation of the formation. Rocks above the unloaded zone hang and transfer a part of their weight to the rocks located at the borders of the unloaded zone. In addition, the reservoir-shaped destroyed zones serve as a damping layer between the unloaded mass and the overlying strata of rocks.

The creation of plastiform zones is carried out ahead of time in the creation of a protected excavation, which is taken at least as long as the work of the next cycle of formation of stratified rocks and no more than their closure time.

The time of the work of the next cycle of creating zones of destroyed work is due to the fact that the development was carried out in the unloaded zone under the cover of the layer-shaped destroyed zones; the recovery time of the original density in the destroyed array is due to the fact that generation is carried out in the unloaded array until a possible resumption of the transfer of lateral and vertical pressure on the lining of the generation when the original density is restored in the destroyed array.

The drilling of wells is carried out directly from the production, which allows refusing additional workings or chambers. There is no need for additional boring mechanisms, since for wells the same equipment is used that

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752968. 6

and for downhole holes. Everything. This reduces the cost of excavation.

Thus, the proposed method of unloading mine workings from stresses has properties that do not coincide with the properties of known solutions and has significant differences.

Due to the creation of a favorable operating mode of the support, the costs for the subsequent maintenance of the workings are reduced.

Figure 1 shows the development and the plastic-like zones of the destroyed rocks, a horizontal section; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1; on fig.Z - section bb in figure 1.

Example. Production of 1 with a section of 13.0 m2 is carried out in the unloaded array 2 in the form of a prism, the lateral faces of which are layer-shaped destroyed zones 3 located at an angle to the horizon of Ј0 70 ° equal to the angle of displacement of the lateral rocks and intersecting on the vertical axis of the mine 1, formed by directional explosion of explosives in squa

20

25

wounds drilled in the direction of

defined from the center of the cross-section of generation 1 to the boundaries of the sheet-like destroyed zones 3 in such a way that the sheet-like zones have no gaps.

Production is carried out in shale with 30 MPa. Used EXPLOSIVES - ammonite AP-5zh. According to the method of calculating the damage zone in the case of camouflage blasting based on the design features of shells with linear slots for redistributing the blast energy in the required direction, in which explosive blasting is carried out, the damage radii in different directions are: the damage radius along the line of the layer-shaped zone of the destroyed rocks and a plane parallel to the cross-section of the excavation, the passage of the Schei through the blasting point, Kpatp 0.7 m; fracture radius perpendicular to the line of intersection of the plasto-shaped fractured zone and a plane parallel to the cross section

generation passing through the point of explosion, 0.2 m; radius times

rushes in the plane of the destroyed zone in the direction in which the protected generation moves, Rpa3p 0.5 m.

In order that the layer-shaped zones of the destroyed rocks do not have gaps, the amount of stopping from which the destroyed zones are carried out is

The number of wells in the fan, located below the horizontal plane passing through the cross-sectional center of the mine, is equal to

2nd

rschr

1.0 m

Moreover, the number of wells in the fan for each layer-like zone is equal to

})

2 R

a i ЈiiiЈ2 - 9J

Cr (il

sin 2Ј „

where a is the shortest distance from

the contour of the production to the reservoir-25 shaped zones destroyed by

for shale, 2.0 and;

g is the equivalent radius of generation, m, for generation with a cross-section of S 13 m2

- 2.03 m.

Then

2 + 2.03 (1 + cos 70 °)

1 Si .--- i- - "-".-.... ™.

0; 7 sin (2–70 °)

is full

, "- Jv

, a i-r

- for wells located, Development is lagged below the horizontal flat-50 with respect to the reservoir-destroyed zones L 2 m, the shortest distance from the center of the cross-section of the mine working, from which the direction of the wells is set to the mine hole 11 (p 1 M.

For the first upper well

ti passing through the center of the cross section of the mine;

- - for wells located above this plane, 55

all

ten

sp

15

four

2-r,

sin

tp

 2 pcs . bit il1 io

The wellbore sequence numbers are measured from the horizontal plane passing through the center of the cross-section of the mine (for example, the first lower well 1HT, the second upper well 2B, etc.).

The length of the i-th well is determined by the formula

0

five

0

well; where 1

-

POLY,

- one

about;

full;

about;

the total distance from the production center, from which the direction of the i-th well is defined, to the point of blasting, m; the distance from the center of production, from which the direction is given

i-th well, to the point of drilling, m:

five

0

1 poly; where is l

h

FULL;) 1

- ahead of the layer-shaped destroyed zones in relation to the bottom of the mine, m; L is the shortest distance from the center of the cross-section of the mine, from which the direction of the wells is given, t to the slaughter, m; 1POPI, - projection of the full distance on the cross-section of the mine, m;

) 2 + 2 (2i-1) R

a + g

Sin sin S0

cos

C ,,, Hф ..- 1. „. 7. -2 (: $$ °° -

 b 1t

1po, n, 6 l | ((.

 5J3 m.

"Arct - ilVsinJLi OR j,

1L + LA

V (- arct, -,. 03) / sin 70 I l2; blbfiA7 os 70 ° n o o L2 + 1

The angle of inclination of the borehole relative to the horizontal plane passing through the center of generation

I- "-HAЈ $ KO3G

city, - "" - & {t & Nz - 2h

The length of the well will be

, 1 Lo

1sk &;-poly;

 513 - 35

 ed lcq

 3.5 m

Similarly, the value of S; GO L; L; R p "ip; calculate the parameters of the remaining wells.

The parameters of wells in the fan for the accepted conditions are given in the table.

Accurate adherence to drilling parameters allows the creation of a zbn 2 unloaded rocks in the form of a prism

without breaks and the necessary form.

Charging of boreholes in wells k is performed at one time with downhole holes, but with advance in time. In this case, the shock wave from

The angle of rotation of the well relative to the axis of generation

five

borehole charges contribute to a better separation of the rock when blasting holes in the excavation 1.

The application of the method allows reducing the costs of development by 30%, reducing the costs of maintaining them by 75%, significantly increasing the sustainability.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula I v -5 - A method of unloading mine workings from stresses, including carrying out production, drilling a well and blasting explosives in them to form in the rock mass of layer-shaped zones of broken pits, located in planes that do not intersect with production, and surrounding areas of unloaded rocks, differing in that, in order to reduce material and labor costs for carrying out and maintaining production, the wells are drilled ahead of the center of the output cross section, and the zone of the destroyed rocks is formed as a prism, sides The edges of which form from plastoobrazhennyh zones of destruction of rocks intersecting on the vertical axis of the mine, while the faces of the prism of the destroyed rocks are considered at an angle to the horizon equal to the angle of movement of the lateral rocks, and the shortest distance from them to the contour of the mine is taken equal to 6 - 10 damage radii in a given direction, t 0 FIG. I