SU1752218A1 - Method and device for cultivation of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods and devices for tillage. When processing the soil, the cut soil layer is loosened and its structured by grinding into particles. Next, the soil particles are processed by structure formation; Lem, dried and separated. The device contains a sequentially installed ripper, 1 conveyors, a separating element, a container for the outside of the structurant and a drying device. The drying device is made in the form of a source of hot gas supply and pipelines with holes. Conveyors are arranged in an abbreviated manner with displacement relative to each other in the longitudinal-vertical plane. The container for depositing the structurant is located under the upper conveyor, and the pipelines are under each conveyor located below the upper one. The separating element is installed behind the lower additional conveyor. The belt of each conveyor is made of variable width in the direction of travel. The separating element is made in the form of a sieve, the diameter of the holes of which gradually increases from its front to its rear end. 2 s and 2 z.p. f-ly. 1 il. - fe

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the anti-erosion treatment of the soil in areas prone to water and wind erosion.

Currently, a number of promising sand fixing methods have been developed, which include chemical methods as the most effective.

For this purpose, various fixatives are used, which, by means of spraying installations, form sand-polymer complexes, which glue the grains together.

Various artificial structure-formers are also used, made, for example, on the basis of water-soluble polymers.

If in the first case a sandy crust is formed having a different thickness, strength and wind resistance, in the second case artificial aggregates with sizes greater than 0.5-1.0 mm are created that can withstand the effects of water-air flows.

The best time to create a protective coating is spring, because during this period water and wind erosion cause significant damage, so the greatest effect can be obtained when combining

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anti-erosion and agromeliorative measures.

An analysis of the literature has shown that an effective and simple device for creating artificial anti-erosion aggregates does not exist in contrast to a wide variety of spraying devices that cannot constructively soil the soil, but only create one or another kind of coating.

There is a method in which the straw is crushed to a fraction of 0.25-1.0 mm and then applied after the thermo-hydraulic treatment to the soil with a layer of 1-3 mm in the form of a thick pasty mixture.

The disadvantage of this method is that preliminary operations are needed for the collection and grinding of straw, thermal treatment and, most importantly, in the insufficient strength of the anti-erosion coating created.

A technical solution is known in which anti-erosion treatment is carried out with a special device containing a frame on which vertical knives are mounted, cutting edge with a guide tray, separating grate associated with a shaking mechanism and a rotary dump body.

A known method of tillage includes cutting the topsoil, removing it and forcibly compaction of the opened soil layer, characterized in that, in order to increase yields by providing plants with moisture from under the arable layer, cutting the topsoil is done to the plow depth, compaction — to obtain a capillary structure of the subsurface layer of the soil, with the cropped upper soil layer being crushed,

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peels and core residues are combed out of the removed upper layer of soil, which they smooth, crush and evenly distribute over the surface of the arable layer.

The disadvantages of these solutions are that they are difficult to apply when working on sandy, sandy, etc. soils most affected by wind and water erosion.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of anti-erosion treatment and is expressed in increasing the wind and water resistance of soils and reducing costs, as a result of simplifying the technology of soil cultivation in the pre-sowing, planting and post-sowing periods, which enhances the effectiveness of various agricultural practices for crop cultivation

semi-structural (especially on sandy and sandy) soils, and also contributes to increasing their productivity.

The purpose of the invention is achieved by using a special device to create artificial water- and wind-resistant soil particles larger than 0.5-1.0 mm and evenly (layer-by-layer) spread over the entire surface of the floor while simultaneously removing weeds and crop pests (cutting the top soil layer and the introduction of various ingredients).

To create soil particles of various fractions enriched with nutrient ingredients, and their layer-by-layer distribution over the floor surface, a device is proposed as shown in the drawing. At the same time, the most important thing is that the particles of eroded soils themselves are the starting materials.

The device for carrying out the method can be performed in the trailed, semi-mounted and mounted versions, behind the tractor.

The drawing shows a schematic view of the device.

The device consists of a frame 1, a looser-binder 2, a device transporting the soil 3, gradually arranged trays 4 of flexible material, from rollers 5, which allow changing the width and depth of the conveyor belts 4, sprays 6 connected to the tank 7, by means of hoses 8, for feeding the ingredient to soil particles in moving conveyor belts 4, from a hose for drying with hot air (possibly with exhaust gases) discharged from the engines to the moistened soil on conveyors from sieve 10, filled with answer Colors varying in diameter and vibrator 11.

The device works as follows.

By means of a figured knife (a looser) 2 of the eroded soil, the soil is prepared for delivery to the buckets of the conveyor 4, from where it is poured into the trays of the conveyor, where the soil is moistened with a liquid saturated with stimulating ingredients (for example, chlorella and other substances). In order for the moistened soil to move, the trays of the conveyor 4 are made with a variable width of the recess over the sections, due to the different installation of the rollers 5 along the inclined one, as well as to avoid possible blow-off in windy weather. The length of the conveyor-tray 4 is made by floor, so that mixing and draining occurs better.

In addition, as required, it is possible to use engine exhaust gases, which will be supplied for drying by means of hoses 8. Treated soil, falling into the vibrating screen 10 with openings of different diameters increasing at the bottom, is poured out, first a small fraction, and then medium, and the rest is large itself, rolling down into the eternal fractions. Thereby, a layer of the floor is reached. First, the smallest, and then larger and larger.

In the course of the tractor's movement, due to the use of the proposed solution, it is possible to reduce the influence of water and wind erosion on soils of light mechanical composition and prevent the removal and introduction of a fertile layer from the fields, and improve the processes of the natural structure of the soil.

Claims (4)

1. A method of tillage, which includes loosening the cut soil layer and its structuring by crushing the soil layer into particles and their separation, in order to improve the quality of erosion treatment of the soil, before separation the soil particles are treated with a structure maker and dried. 0 five 0 50 2. A tillage device containing sequentially installed a cultivator, a conveyor, a separating element and a reservoir for introducing a structurizer, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of tillage when introducing liquid structurizers, the device is equipped with a drying device in the form of a supply source. hot gas and pipelines with openings and additional conveyors located under the main conveyor in long run and with displacement relative to each other in longitudinal-verti the reservoir is located above the upper additional conveyor, and the pipelines are above each additional conveyor located below the upper one, while the separating element is installed behind the lower additional conveyor. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the belt of each conveyor is made with a variable width in the direction of movement. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the separation element is made in the form of a sieve, the diameter of the openings of which is made gradually increasing from the front end to the rear. Type A / iv siv / ss rr S / r sir