SU1751399A1 - Device for and method of creating vacuum - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the drying, energy and process plants. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: When the valve 3 is closed, the vessel 1 is filled with liquid using a pump b. Air is removed from the installation through valve 9. When the vessel is full, the pump b is turned off, valves 8 and 9 are closed. Open the valve 3, the Liquid from the vessel 1 flows, creating a vacuum. The control of the amount of the liquid flowing out is carried out by a measuring device of 10. 2 sec. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

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G5 Yu Yu

The invention relates to vacuum technology and can be used in drying, power and process plants.

A known method for producing vacuum by condensing water vapor in a barometric condenser. Cold water flows from one side of the condenser to the other. In direct or countercurrent mode, steam is moved with water, which condenses on contact with water. At the same time, the pressure in the condenser is set below atmospheric pressure. The non-condensable gases are pumped out of the condenser by vacuum pumps. The difference between atmospheric pressure and pressure and the pressure inside the condenser is balanced by a column of fluid in the barometric tube.

However, the known method has drawbacks consisting in the impossibility of obtaining a deeper vacuum, the supply of cold water to the code condenser, the continuous operation of vacuum pumps arising in connection with filling the volume of the operating condenser with steam and non-condensation. densenziruyuschie gases, creating the required for the condensation of the temperature difference between steam and cold water, maintaining the vacuum created by removing from the condenser non-condensing gases.

Closest to the proposed method for producing vacuum by displacing gas from a vessel with liquid and then removing liquid through a hydraulic valve is the method of obtaining vacuum according to Torricelli's experience.

However, according to Torricelli's experience, in order to obtain a vacuum, the tube is filled to the brim with mercury, closed from the unwelded side, then it is turned over and lowered into a cup with mercury under the liquid level. After that, the closed end of the tube opens and some volume of mercury is poured into the cup, and a vacuum is formed at the top of the tube.

In the proposed method, inversion of the tube and lowering it below the liquid level are eliminated, which simplifies the method of obtaining a vacuum.

Elimination of the turning and lowering operation of the tube is achieved by the fact that the flow of fluid through the upper and lower section of the tube is regulated by the principle of closed-open. In the Torricelli tube, the regulation of fluid flow according to this principle is performed only for the upper section of the tube, and the lower section is tightly sealed. During the period when the liquid is poured into the tube (the vessel

air is forced out, the lower section is closed, and the upper one is open just as in the Torricelli experiment. After the air is displaced, the upper section closes, and the lower section opens and liquid flows out of the tube (vessel), and a vacuum is formed in the upper part. In the experience of Torricelli, to obtain a vacuum, it is necessary to turn the tube over and lower it to the level

0 liquid. To prevent air from breaking into the vacuum space formed, the height of the liquid column in the tube must be greater than the height of the liquid column corresponding to atmospheric pressure.

The method of obtaining vacuum according to the experience of Torricelli can be applied only in laboratory conditions, when vessels in which it is required to obtain a vacuum do not have a large weight and size and with which muscular manpower is able to cope. This force must be sufficient to turn the vessel or tube filled with liquid. The disadvantages of the method of obtaining vacuum according to Torricelli's experience should also be attributed to the difficulties that arise in connection with the retention of fluid in a tube or vessel of large volume at the moment when

The tube is inverted and is being lowered below the liquid level.

Closest to the proposed design of the vacuum unit is a barometric capacitor consisting of

5 housing, inside which there are shelves, a barometric pipe, a barometric box, pipes for supplying steam and water and whose operation is provided by cold water and vacuum pumps, which support the vacuum by pumping out non-condensable gases,

However, the well-known vacuum system also has disadvantages, which consist in the complexity of the installation, increased

5 energy consumption for its work, water pollution in the barometric shchit (hydrostock) and, as a result, in the difficulties of its further use arising in connection with the presence of shelves inside

0 enclosures, vacuum pumps, continuous operation of cold water supply pumps and vacuum pumps, open barometric box, besides, depending on the flow rate of condensed steam condenser

5 shall be performed in accordance with the design dimensions.

The purpose of the invention is to change and control the magnitude of the created vacuum. This goal is achieved in that the method of obtaining vacuum by displacing gas from a vessel with liquid, then removing liquid through a hydraulic valve, regulates the amount of liquid flowing out of the vessel, and the device for creating vacuum containing a vacuum vessel with a barometric tube and a hydraulic collector is equipped with a pump tank with a vacuumized vessel through a pipeline and a valve, a device for controlling the level of a liquid in a hydraulic tank and two valves, one of which is installed in the top of the vacuumized vessel, and the other at the bottom of the barometric tube.

The magnitude of the volume of the vacuumized space in the vessel is determined by the height of the liquid discharged from the vessel. In the process of controlling the amount of liquid discharged, the height of the level changes, and with it the volume of the vacuumized space also changes.

In a device for creating a vacuum, a pump with a pipeline and a valve ensures that the vessel is filled with liquid without turning it.

The valve in the upper part of the vessel provides a gas outlet when the vessel is filled with liquid. The valve in the lower part of the barometric tube provides control of the amount of liquid drained. The metering device on the hydraulic collector allows you to control the amount of liquid discharged from the vessel.

All of these features allow you to create a vacuum without tilting a sealed vessel.

The drawing shows a vacuum installation.

The vacuum unit consists of a vacuum vessel 1, a barometric pipe 2, a valve 3, a hydraulic collector 4, a valve 5, a pump 6, a pipeline 7, valves 8 and 9, a measuring device 10.

The installation works as follows.

In the initial position, the valve 3 is closed, and the valves 5 and 9 are open. The fluid from the hydraulic collector 4 is pumped through the pipeline 7 through the valve 8 to the evacuated vessel 1 and the barometric pipe 2. It displaces the air at the beginning from the barometric pipe 2, and then from the vessel 1. Air is removed from the installation through valve 9 the atmosphere. As soon as the air vent 9 shows liquid, the pump 6 is turned off and the valves 8 and 9 are closed. Then the valve 3 opens and the liquid flows into the hydraulic collector 4 under the action of overpressure and gravitational forces. A vacuum is formed in the vessel 1. You start fluid

produced until the required volume of vacuumized space is formed in the vessel. The limit of the quantity of outflowing liquid is the height of 5 columns of liquid in the barometric tube balancing the resulting difference between atmospheric pressure and pressure in the vessel. Once in the vessel or barometric tube is reached

0 required height of the liquid column valve 3 is closed. The control of the amount of liquid discharged is made according to the measuring device 10.

The height of the barometric tube can

5 be different. If, for example, water is used as a working fluid, the height of the barometric tube must be at least 10 meters, if, for example, mercury, then at least 0.8 meters. When small

At the height of the pipe and the vacuumized vessel, the installation may not be equipped with a pump 6. Then the working fluid is manually filled. The hydraulic collector can be performed both open and closed. In order to prevent the contamination of the liquid and its reuse, the collection is recommended to be closed, then it is supplied with a vent 5. In case of loss of vacuum for any reason, the process of its production is repeated.

The water in the evacuated vessel can also be supplied from the water supply system, and its removal is carried out to the environment or sewage.

5 The economic effect resulting from the use of the proposed invention arises due to a reduction in the power consumption required for continuous operation of vacuum pumps and cold water supply pumps and a decrease in metal consumption, since there are no shelves in a vacuumized vessel.

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Formula of invention

1 A method of creating a vacuum by displacing a gas from a vessel with a liquid and then removing it through a hydraulic shutter, characterized in that

0 changes in the magnitude of the vacuum created, the amount of fluid flowing out of the vessel is regulated.

2. A device for creating a vacuum, containing a vacuum vessel with a barometric tube and a hydraulic reservoir, which, in order to regulate the magnitude of the vacuum, is equipped with a pump that connects the hydraulic reservoir with the vacuum vessel through a pipeline and a valve; level liquid

the bones in the hydrosphere and two valves, the vacuumized vessel, and the other at the bottom one of which is installed in the upper part of the barometric tube.

Claims (2)

Claim In the initial position, valve 3 is closed, and valves 5 and 9 are open. The liquid from the hydraulic reservoir 4 is pumped through a pipe 7 through a valve 8 to a vacuum vessel 1 and a barometric pipe 2. It displaces air at the beginning from a barometric pipe 2, and then from a vessel 1. Air is removed from the installation through valve 9. into the atmosphere. As soon as the liquid appeared from the air vent 9, the pump 6 is turned off and the valves 8 and 9 are closed. Then valve 3 is opened and the liquid flows under hydraulic collector 4 under the action of excessive pressure and gravitational forces. At the same time, a vacuum is formed in vessel 1. Fluid outlet 1. A method of creating a vacuum by displacing gas from a vessel with a liquid and then removing it through a hydraulic shutter, characterized in that, in order to change the magnitude of the created vacuum, the amount of liquid flowing out of the vessel is controlled. 2. A device for creating a vacuum containing a evacuated vessel with a barometric tube and a hydraulic collector, about τη and characterized in that, in order to regulate the magnitude of the vacuum, it is equipped with a pump connecting the hydraulic collector to the evacuated vessel through a pipeline and a valve, a device for controlling the level of liquid Ί 1751399 8 bones in the hydraulic reservoir and two valves, a vacuum vessel, and the other in the lower one of which is installed in the upper part of the barometric tube.