SU1747599A1 - Hydraulic hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: when drilling wells for various purposes to perform basic and auxiliary operations of the process of excavation of production and for immersion and extraction of piles, tongue and groove. The hydraulic hammer comprises a housing 1 with anvils 3 and 4 and a cylinder 6, in which a stepped piston 9 is placed, a striker 10 connected to it, a cover 5, an exhaust valve 13. The valve 13 tail is spring-loaded relative to the striker 10 and wound into its cavity. The inlet valve 15 is connected to the exhaust valve 13 by means of the pusher 17. The piston 9 is made with a through cavity and is connected to the striker with the possibility of limited axial movement by an amount corresponding to the valve 13 and 15. The upper part of the striker 10 is provided with a seal 12 and is introduced into the cavity the piston is concentric to it. 3 il. / V

Description

The invention relates to mining equipment and can be used in drilling wells for various purposes, diving and removing piles, dowels, etc.

The hydraulic hammer of the construction of the Donetsk Polytechnic Institute is known, which includes a housing with a cylinder that houses the piston of the striker, a cylinder cover with channels, inlet and exhaust valves associated with the pusher, as well as the upper and lower anvils.

The working fluid supplied to the hydraulic hammer by the pump enters the striker piston and moves it upwards. At the end of the upward stroke, the piston strikes the exhaust valve, causing the valves to shift to the upper position, while the striker strikes the

upper anvil. With the new valve position, the working fluid enters both under the piston of the striker and in the over-piston cavity of the cylinder. Due to the fact that the working area of the hydraulic hammer piston on the side of the cylinder's overpiston cavity is larger than its working area on the side of the piston cavity, the striker moves down, making the valves rearrange to the initial position and deal a blow to the lower anvil. The working fluid re-enters only into the cylinder piston cavity and the cycle of operation of the device is repeated.

The disadvantage of the described hydraulic hammer is that the energy of a single impact on the anvil is low, due to the large speed losses in the free ho2 section.

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yes, when it is moving by inertia, and the intake and exhaust valves are open.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed device is a hydraulic hammer, including a housing with an anvil and a cylinder with a lid made with channels, a firing pin, a stepped piston connected to it, having a cavity, an exhaust valve with a spring loaded relatively to the hammer. the piston cavity, and the inlet valve associated with the exhaust through the pusher.

The device works as follows.

The working fluid from the pump goes under the piston of the hammer and moves it upwards. At the end of the up stroke, the piston hits the exhaust valve, causing the valves to shift to the upper position, and the striker strikes the upper anvil. With the new valve position, the working fluid enters both the piston and the cylinder piston cavities, and the piston, due to its stepped design, moves down, at the end of the stroke, the valves are moved to the initial position and the blow to the lower anvil is lowered by the bottom end. The fluid re-enters only into the cylinder piston cavity and the cycle of operation of the device is repeated.

The disadvantage of the described hydraulic hammer is that the energy of a single blow on the lower anvil is low, due to the large losses of its speed in the free wheel area when both valves are open and the impactor moves down by inertia, overcoming the braking force caused by the hydraulic resistance of the working fluid in the mechanism.

The aim of the invention is to increase the energy of a single impact of the striker on the lower anvil by eliminating its free running.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, in a well-known hydraulic hammer, including a housing with anvils and a cylinder with a lid made with channels, there is a firing pin, a stepped piston connected to it, having a cavity, an exhaust valve with a spring loaded relatively to the striker, inserted into the piston cavity, an ejector valve connected to the outlet by means of a pusher, the head is connected to the piston, the cavity of which is made through, with the possibility of axial movement by an amount corresponding to the valve travel, while the upper part of the head is provided with seal and wound up in the cavity of the piston concentric him

FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic hammer in the initial position; in fig. 2 - the same, in the moment of a striker on the upper anvil; in fig. 3 - the same at the moment of striking the firing pin

lower anvil.

The hydraulic hammer (Fig. 1) consists of body 1, rigidly connected to the upper adapter 2, upper 3 and lower 4 by the anvil. With upper adapter 2

0 is connected to the cover 5 of the cylinder 6, equipped with inlet 7 and outlet 8 channels. A cylinder piston 9 is installed in the cylinder 6. The upper part of the oyke 10, the rod 11 of which is installed by the cuff 12 and is mounted 5 into the cavity of the piston 9 is concentric to it. The tail of the exhaust valve 13 is spring-loaded relative to the striker 10 by the spring 14, and the inlet valve 15 is spring-loaded relative to the upper adapter 2 by the spring

0 16 and connected to the exhaust valve 13 pushers 17.

The hydraulic hammer works as follows. In the initial position (Fig. 1), the hammer 10 under the action of its own weight is in its lowest position, the exhaust valve 13 is open, and the inlet valve 15 closes the inlet channels 7 in the cover 5 of the cylinder 6 under the action of its own weight and force springs 16. Piston 9

0 is also in its lowest position under its own weight and rests with its lower end on the striker 10.

To launch the hydraulic hammer into the mechanism, a working fluid is supplied through the channels in the upper adapter 2, which, falling under the piston 9, causes it to move upwards. Due to the fact that the hammer 10 is connected to the piston 9 with the possibility of axial movement by an amount corresponding to the valve 13 and 15 - S2, and the upper part of the hammer 10 is equipped with a sealing sleeve 12 and is inserted into the cavity of the piston 9 concentric to it, the following occurs. The piston 9 moves up to the moment

5 until a distance equal to that of the valves 13 and 15 - S2 has been covered, and then continues to accelerate together with the striker 10, capturing its upper part. During the joint movement of the piston 9 with briskly Yidzhidkost through the exhaust channel 8 is extruded into the environment, and the spring 14 is compressed, as the exhaust valve 13 is held in the initial position by the pushers 17, abutting the inlet valve 15, which is under pressure

5 working fluid. Together with striker 10, a distance equal to the stroke of the striker 10 upwards SB and determined as the difference of the full stroke of the striker 10 Si and half the stroke of the valves 13 and 15– $ 2, piston 9 with its

the upper end strikes the plate of the exhaust valve 13, thereby causing the valves 13 and 15 to be moved to the upper position. At the same time, the path remaining to the upper anvil 3, equal to half the stroke of the valves 13 and 15–82, by the piston 9 with the piston 9 is due to the kinetic energy accumulated during the upward stroke SB together with the valves 13 and 15. This phase of the operating cycle of the mechanism ends with a blow the striker 10 along the upper anvil 3, which is transmitted in the form of a wave of elastic deformation to the body 1 of the hydraulic hammer.

The remaining half of its stroke S2 valves 13 and 15 are passed due to inertial forces and under the action of the compressed spring 14 (Fig. 2). In the upper position, the inlet valve 15 opens the inlet channels 7 in the lid 5 of the cylinder 6, and the exhaust valve 13 closes the outlet channel 8 and is held in its seat by the pressure of the working fluid from the side of the piston cylinder 6. At this phase of the working cycle of the mechanism, the working fluid It gains access both to the piston cavity of cylinder 6 and to its supra piston cavity. Due to the fact that the upper part of the striker 10 is equipped with a sealing cuff 12 and inserted into the cavity of the piston 9 concentric to it, the firing pin 10 under the pressure of working fluid on its upper end (in this case, the working area is equal to the area of the sealed 11 relative to the lower anvil ) starts to move down, carried away by the step piston 9.

At this time, the working fluid is displaced from under the piston 9 into the overpiston cavity of the cylinder 6 through the open inlet channels 7 in the cover 5 of the cylinder 6. Pass a distance equal to the downward stroke SH (in the proposed hydraulic hammer, the down stroke SH, and the full stroke Si of the striker 10 is equal), the striker 10 strikes the lower anvil 4 (Fig. 3).

Thus, due to the fact that the striker 10 is connected to the piston 9, the cavity of which is made through, with the possibility of axial movement by an amount corresponding to the movement of the valves 13 and 15 - S2, and the upper part of the striker 10 is equipped with a sealing sleeve 12 and is inserted into the cavity of the piston 9 concentric to it, the striker 10 strikes the lower anvil 4 at the end of the working stroke down SH. no energy is expended on overcoming the hydraulic shock that occurs after opening the exhaust valve 13.

At the moment of impact of the striker 10 on the lower anvil 4, the piston 9, which, during joint movement with the striker 10, acquired a speed equal to the pre-impact speed of the latter, continues to move down by inertia, striking the tail of the exhaust valve 13 stall, the latter with its seat in the cover 5 cylinder

6. Valves 13 and 15 with piston 9 make a stroke downward by the magnitude of their stroke until the piston 9 stops in the striker 10 (Fig. 1). The stiffness of the spring 16 is adjusted so as to compensate for the force of the spring 14 aimed at holding the exhaust valve 13 and the upper position At the time of the collision of the piston 9 with the striker 10, the intake valve 15 closes and the exhaust valve 13 opens.

The working fluid re-enters the sub-piston cavity of cylinder 6 (Fig. 1), and the cycle of operation of the mechanism is repeated.

Shock pulses transmitted to housing 1 from anvils 3 and 4 are used

for the work of diving into the ground or removing casing, piles, tongue and other elements from it.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The hydraulic hammer, including a housing with anvils and a cylinder with a lid made with channels, a firing pin, a stepped piston connected to it, having a cavity, an exhaust valve with a spring-loaded shank inserted into the piston cavity, an inlet valve connected to an exhaust by means of a pusher, characterized in that, in order to increase the energy of a single impact of the striker on the lower anvil, the striker is connected to the piston, the cavity of which is made through, with the possibility of axial movement by an amount corresponding to the valve travel, while the upper part the striker is equipped with a seal and is inserted into the piston cavity concentric to it.