SU1745412A1 - Cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in engineering, in particular in the metalworking. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The cutter comprises a cutting part 1 consisting of a cutting plate 4 and a holder 2, which are interconnected by a plane-parallel spring 3, in the upper part of which a chip 5 is placed. In the cavity of the holder 2, there is an elastically deformable and damping unit. The elastically deformable unit is made in the form of a constant power magnet 6, rigidly fixed in the cavity of the holder 2 and insulated from it by the sleeve 7, and the frame 8 fixed with the possibility of axial adjustment on the rod 9, which is installed in the guide sleeves 10 and 11. Arising in the process the vibration processing drives the cutting part 1 and the rod 9 with a magnet 12 fixed on it. During the reciprocating motion of the magnet 12 in the annular copper frame 13, an electric current is excited, causing a magnetic ol, favoring prevents movement of the magnet 12. The frame 13 is pressed into the holder 2 and insulated from it a sleeve 14 of dielectric material and the ring 15. z.p.f 1 ly-1-yl. (Ls

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to metalworking, and can be applied in the processing of non-rigid shafts.

A cutter structure is known which consists of a cutting part and a holder.

The closest technical solutions; The proposed tool is a cutter, adopted as a prototype, containing a cutting part, connected to the holder by an elastic element made in the form of a bent beam, an elastically deformable node, made in the form of a rod and a spring interacting with the cutting part and the holder, and a damping node .

 The disadvantage of this cutter is that during operation the cutter undergoes heating, which leads to a decrease in the damping properties of the cutter, in addition, cyclic loads on the spring lead to its rapid aging. In the course of work, additional processing errors also arise due to the displacement under the action of the cutting force of the cutting tip relative to the tool axis, and when machining viscous materials, the tool life is reduced due to the formation of discharge chips.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of processing non-rigid shafts for

vi

Ј

Sya

but

Yu

by adapting the tool and changing machining conditions.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a cutter containing a cutting part, a holder, an elastic element connecting the holder and the cutting part, an elastically deformable node and a damping node, an elastically deformable node is made in the form of a constant power magnet rigidly fixed in the hollow of the holder and the frame fixed with the possibility of axial adjustment on the rod, interacting with the cutting part. The damping assembly is made in the form of an annular copper frame rigidly fixed in the hollow of the holder and a constant power magnet fixed to the rod. The elastic element connecting the cutting part and the holder is made in the form of a plane-parallel spring, in the upper part of which is rigidly fixed by a breaker that interacts with the cutting plate.

Since, in the proposed cutter, the elastically deformable unit is made in the form of a constant power magnet, its inertness decreases and the vibration resistance increases, which leads to more effective adaptation of the cutter to varying machining conditions, which increases the machining accuracy.

The use of a plane-parallel spring and a chip breaker attached to it stabilizes the cutting speed and provides effective chip crushing, while increasing the dimensional durability of the tool and machining accuracy.

The drawing schematically shows the proposed cutter.

The proposed cutter contains a cutting part 1, a holder 2, which are interconnected by a plane-parallel spring 3. The cutting part 1 contains a cutting plate 4, which is connected to a chip breaker 5 rigidly fixed in the upper part of the spring 3. In the hollow of the holder 2 are resiliently deformable and damping nodes .

The elastically deformable unit is made in the form of a constant power magnet 6 rigidly fixed in the cavity of the holder 2 and insulated from the n% by a sleeve 7 of a nonmagnetic material, and a sleeve 8 fixed with the possibility of axial adjustment on the rod 9 interacting with the cutting part 1. For the forward movement of the rod is set in the guide bushings 10 and 11, made of bronze

The damping unit is made in the form of a constant power magnet 12, rigidly

fixed on the rod 9, and a copper ring frame 13, pressed into the holder 2 and the sleeve 14 made of dielectric material and ring 15 insulated from it.

The cutter works as follows.

Before starting work, a gap is established between the rom 8 and the power magnet 6, which, interacting with each other by means of a magnetic field force, create a force opposite to the axial component of the cutting force. The position of the chassis is fixed by a nut 16, the connection between the parameters of the magnetic circuit and the conditions

The processing is described by the formula

Pv

Vohmom Sn

2U§

pdt 6rJS7

+ 1mG

where py is the axial component of the cutting force:

In - magnetic induction;

SM is the cross-sectional area of the magnet;

1m - the length of the magnet;

/ Y - magnetic constant;

I h - the length of the working gap;

b0 - magnetic stiffness.

The magnitude of the working gap between magnet 6 and rm 8 can be calculated by the formula

v8zЈ |, lfu -yt / 0ig, ebSn

3 (LM + 21m)

outcome of the condition Ru - Rumax

The magnitude of the tuning force Rumax interaction rma 8 and magnet 6 can be determined experimentally or calculated by the formula

45RU s (

 - hu

+ C)

where 1h is the specified depth of cut;

E is the modulus of elasticity of the material; I - the moment of inertia of the workpiece,

I is the length of the part;

X is the distance from the front center to the section in question:

C is an empirical coefficient taking into account specific processing conditions.

During the operation of the cutter, an elastic shaft deflection occurs due to its uneven fluid along the entire length, which leads to a decrease in the depth of cut and cutting force. Since the power magnetic circuit consisting of magnet 6 and rome 8 is set to the maximum value of the cutting force, the rod 9 moves with the rom 8 and the cutting part 1 of the cutter towards the part to be machined until a balance of forces is established, thereby stabilizing the actual depth of cut along the entire length of the part.

The vibrations arising in the course of processing drive the cutting part 1 and the rod 9 interacting with it with the magnet 12 fixed on it. During the reciprocating motion of the power magnet 12 in the annular copper frame 13, the Lenz current excites an electric current the field preventing the movement of the magnet 12. The higher the vibration velocity and the amplitude of oscillation of the cutting part 1, the stronger the magnetic field of the frame, and, consequently, the higher the vibration damping efficiency.

The processing of viscous materials is accompanied by the formation of drain chips and vibrations causing reciprocating movement of the cutting part 1. Due to the difference in deformations arising under the action of the vibrational component of the cutting force, in the upper part of the plane-parallel spring 3 and its

In the middle there is a relative movement of the chip 5 and the cutting part 1 and, as a result, the crushing of the discharge chips.

Claims (2)

1. A cutter containing a holder connected by means of an elastic element to a cutting part that interacts with an elastic deformable unit through a damping assembly rod, characterized in that, in order to improve the precision of processing non-rigid shafts by adapting the tool to varying processing conditions, the elastically deformable the knot is made in the form of a constant power magnet rigidly connected to the holder, and the chassis mounted on the rod with the possibility of axial adjustment relative to the indicated magnet, and the damping knot you olnen a DC power magnet placed on the rod, vt copper sleeve connected to the tool holder, and the elastic member is a plane-parallel spring. 2. Cutter pop. 1, characterized in that a chip breaker is inserted into the cutter and connected to a plane-parallel spring from the front surface of the cutting part. sixteen