SU1743416A1 - Method for no-planting growing of sugar beet seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of seedless cultivation of sugar beet seeds belongs to the field of agriculture. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of sugar beet seeds by creating favorable conditions for a better wintering due to the self-management of the root crops with their own foliage. The method includes operations: summer sowing of sugar beet seeds in stripes 8 cm wide, grouped into a ribbon. The distance between the strips within the tape is smaller than between the tapes. For the winter, planting of plants by soil is carried out on the side of wide inter-beds, and root crops located in the middle of the belt self-shelter with their tops. Sowing seeds in the band is diverted from the norm, which ensures the density of plants entering the winter, within the band of 500 + + 77 pcs / m2, re-equipped with vegetable strips with three ribbons in three bands, 1 hp. f-ly, 1 ill., 1 tab. (Ls

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of seeds of two-year-old root vegetables, such as sugar beet.

Growing seeds by planting requires a significant amount of manual labor and money, and for non-planted cultivation, these costs are reduced by 3-4 times. However, this method has not yet found application, since many technological elements have not been developed, one of which is the method of plant placement and their number per unit area,

There is a method of growing root crops chaotically scattered

stripe. But this method is used to grow root queen root crops in the first year of the growing season and harvest them in the fall.

The method of sowing is known for the non-sowing cultivation of sugar beet seeds, which includes a three-line seeding with a distance between rows of 35 cm in the ribbon and between the outermost rows of a ribbon of 70 cm. This method is acceptable in areas with a soft winter and in the presence of snow cover, which contributes to high overwintering of plants.

In the conditions of the south of Moldova, the Odessa region of the Ukrainian SSR and other regions with similar climatic conditions, J

4b

CO 4

3

s (the most anticipated noble zone for non-stop

There are considerable temperature fluctuations, especially in the early spring period, where the oscillation is from + 13 ° to -12 ° C in

for 2-3 days. In addition, this zone is usually characterized by the absence of snow cover. Therefore, with the known method, due to the fact that the plants are located along the axis of the row, it is not possible to place them per unit area in the quantity necessary to obtain the required thickness in the spring, taking into account the loss during the wintering period.

The required density is the density that provides the maximum yield. It should be from 150 to 300 thousand plants per 1 hectare. However, there is an opinion that the density should be at least 60-70 fruits per meter in order that planting density of not less than 300 thousand / ha to ensure that the root crops have the most optimal fraction for wintering - 10-30 g. with a head diameter of 0.5-2.5 cm before winter. However, studies have shown that not enough planting density is up to 300 thousand / ha and more ensures the highest yield of seeds.

The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of sugar beet seeds by creating favorable conditions for a better wintering due to self-covering of root crops with their own tops, strip-strip sowing is dispersed.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing sugar beet seeds, including summer strip-strip seeding and before leaving in winter, hilling of plants from wide inter-row soil, the strip strip seeding is dispersed with a seeding rate that ensures the density of hundred plants, entering the winter within the band of 500 + 77 pcs / m2. or from 725 to 990 thousand pieces / ha.

with to

from l to n t v

Yu p

15 in

20

25 l. 2

„N and

35

40 n

45 in

50 r

The drawing shows a graph of the yield increase for belt-band cultivation.

The method is carried out as follows.

The sowing of sugar beet seeds with an increased seeding rate at the end of August is dispersed, located 1.

lag them in stripes, group the stripes into tape. The distance between the strips within the ribbon is less than that between the strips. Before leaving for the winter, to prevent the roots from freezing out

the bands are tucking away from the side of the wide (. between the beds, and the roots, located in the middle of the ribbon, self-cover themselves with their tops.

Distributed sowing provides a more uniform placement of plants by area of nutrition, and optimizing the seeding rate increases the amount per hectare of root crops of the most optimal fraction,

0 The location of the plants in strips with an increased number of them per unit of area creates a microclimate conducive to a better overwintering. The sowing of sugar beet with seedless cultivation of seeds is carried out at the end of August in a three-strip belt method according to the .2 x 35 x 70 cm scheme with a strip width of 8 cm, between 35 cm stripes and between extreme stripes of 70 cm stripes, and also for comparison sowing and in a known way - three-dimensional tape, the selected prototype. Comparative analysis of the proposed and known methods are given in table 1,

5 Sowing according to the proposed method is carried out using SKON-, 2, refitted vegetable patch. The openers are placed according to the 2 x 35 70 cm scheme. In the opener hopper, horizontally in

In the direction of movement of the seed, pins of 1 mm diameter wire are installed, which makes it possible to distribute the seed flow in each sowing unit with a strip of 8 cm. Converting the bath in this way produces distributed seeding 9 strips with three strips (three strips in the tape),

Deep fall upon termination

Growth and development of sugar beet plants in both sowing options (control and proposed) are carried out by hilling the plants from the wide row spacing.

5 In spring, when establishing a positive temperature for opening plants, the areas are harrowed with medium harrows at an angle to the direction of sowing. After harrowing is carried out under O 1.

feeding of plants with nitrogen fertilizers with simultaneous loosening of the interrow. To eliminate weeds in the rosette phase of sugar beet plants, herbicides are introduced by a belt method. Before flowering, the testes are watered at a rate of 250-300 m3 per hectare.

Cutting of the testes is carried out by reapers IRB-, 2. After the stalks have dried in the rollers, the testes are threshed with a combine SK-5 Niva. Cleaning the seeds on the converted mechanized current ZAV-20.

The effectiveness of various methods of seed cultivation with non-stop culture is given in Table 2.

The use of the proposed method allows to obtain a higher yield of sugar beet seeds due to more uniform placement of seeds when sown by area and obtaining evened out root crops by the winter period: their better wintering due to self-opening of their own tops within the ribbon and ensuring the required amount productive plants per unit area.

The number of plants entering the winter, which provides a reliable increase in yield for belt and strip cultivation, is determined from the graph (see drawing). For this, the value of the maximum yield at the belt-sowing method of sowing (15.7 C / ha) will be increased by 0.8 c / ha, i.e. on the value of the admitted error of experience, which in the experimental case is taken equal to 5%. At the resulting elevation (16.5 c / ha) - the vertical axis is horizontal. With her

k $ W

the intersection with curve 2 (the yield graph for strip-and-strip growing, we obtain the segment AB, which is pre-, with the number of plants leaving in the winter, at which the strip-strip method of cultivation increases the yield. As can be seen from the graph The AB segment corresponds to the number of plants leaving during the winter from 725 to 930 thousand, units / ha.

Claims (1)

1. A method of non-planting cultivation of sugar beet seeds, including belt-strip seeding and hilling of plants from wide inter-row soil with soil in winter, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield seeds by creating favorable conditions for better wintering due to self-covering of root crops with their own tops, sowing seeds & lanes ribbons are produced randomly, with a seeding rate that ensures the density of a hundred plants entering the winter, within the band of 500 + 77 pcs / m2. 2, the method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding is carried out in three strips of 8 cm wide tape. Table 1 Note: in 1985-198. Sugar beet seeds without a bottoming method were not grown for organizational reasons. / - flax exactly-r dkók / and Ј- flax / t o / no - lane ABOUT R o 11§В .With The number of plants, $ move sch / k 6 ziku, mete,  about 2 G O) g about ate