SU1742165A1 - Method of unloading of viscous oil products from tanks and unloading device - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the invention relates to the mechanization of loading and unloading. An immersion heat exchanger having an internal cavity 14 is introduced into a tank with a viscous oil product. The heated product is taken from the latter and fed through pressure pipes 4 under pressure through nozzles into the bottom part of the tank along its end walls, thereby creating circulation of the product its masses with the subsequent discharge, 2 sp of f-ly, 4 Il.

Description

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This invention relates to the mechanization of loading and unloading operations.

There is a known c / seam method of viscous petroleum products from rail tank cars, in which the bulk of the product is drained with live steam, and the residue is heated and eroded until it is completely drained by the heated product.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for an additional operation to remove moisture from petroleum products. In addition, it is necessary to manufacture special capacity and external communications, the use of which causes additional energy consumption.

There is also known a method of unloading bulk cargoes with solid sediment from tanks, which consists in draining the liquid phase, heating it and supplying the heated product under pressure to the inside of the tank to wash out the solid sediment.

The known method is not economical, since it requires the use of a special capacity and external communications, which leads to the loss of thermal energy and an increase in the time spent on heating and draining the product.

Closest to the invention is a method carried out using an installation for draining viscous petroleum products, which means that part of the product in the central part of the tank is heated by means of a heat exchanger immersed in the tank, is drained, further heated and returned to the pressure pipe under pressure through nozzles from above into the central part of the tank until the whole mass of oil product is completely heated up with its subsequent discharge.

However, additional heating and pumping of the heated product are performed outside the tank, which requires additional energy consumption. In addition, when the heated product is supplied to the central part of the tank, the product is heated in the peripheral parts of the tank at the end walls mainly due to heat transfer, which significantly increases the discharge time.

It is also known a device for heating viscous liquids in railway tanks, designed to heat the product inside the tank with a preheated product and containing a vertical pipe and associated with it with the possibility of unfolding along the tank by driving the parallelogram link, at the ends of which three groups of nozzles are fixed.

The known device has a number of disadvantages. First, the branches are made

folding of a large number of elements, which reduces the reliability of the device. Secondly, the side parallelograms are fixed to the branches of the x console, therefore, when flowing under pressure from

0 the nozzles of the heated product (under the effect of reactive recoil) the side links are subjected to deformations, which can lead to the device becoming jammed and out of order. Due to the fact that the extreme nozzles are directed from the center of the tank to the ends, under the action of the reactive recoil the parallelogram tends to fold. Therefore, the unfolding of branches, carried out in a viscous medium, and consequently,

0 Heating of the product in the peripheral parts of the tank is difficult. As a result, the discharge capacity is reduced.

In addition, a device is known for heating hardened fats in same 5 road tankers, containing a portable steam heater, as well as nozzle nozzles and telescopic cylinders with movable nozzles installed on the discharge pipe

0 nozzles. Movable nozzles are mounted on the last sections of the cylinders with the possibility of movement to the end walls of the tank.

Due to the fact that in working condition the telescopic cylinders are located in the lower part of the tank, and the moving nozzles are perpendicular to the ends of the tank, the product is heated only in the lower part

0 tanks. Heating of the product in the upper part of the tank at the periphery is possible only with prolonged pumping of the heated product, mainly due to heat transfer. Thus, when using the known device B for a limited period of time, specified by the standards, it is impossible to fully heat the product in the upper part of the tank at the periphery. In addition, the use of an additional heater located outside the tank, complicates the design of the device and leads to additional energy consumption.

Closest to the invention was a plant for discharging viscous petroleum products containing a heat exchanger mounted outside the tank, a circulating pump, a device for the bottom c; with a removable lid mounted on the neck of the tank, and also

One heat exchanger, which is made in the form of a coil, is designed to be immersed in the tank and to heat oil products in it and is located above the discharge device.

Known installation has a number of drawbacks. First, the implementation of a coil immersed in the tank heat exchanger does not allow for heating the product without using an additional heater located outside the tank, since the capacity of the coil heat exchanger is insufficient because it depends on its dimensions limited by the manhole size. The use of an additional heater, located outside the tank, complicates the design of the installation, leading to additional energy consumption. Secondly, the location of the hydromonitor in the center of the tank, in its upper part, does not provide rapid heating of the product in the peripheral parts of the tank, since the heat exchange and mixing of the product are difficult. As a result, the warm-up and discharge times are increased.

The aim of the invention is to reduce unloading time and energy consumption.

The goal is to achieve the fact that in the method of unloading from tanks of viscous oil products, consisting in immersion in the central part of the heat exchanger tank, heating part of the oil product, taking the heated oil product from the central part of the tank and returning it through the pressure pipe through the nozzle to the full heating the entire mass of the oil product, followed by its discharge, a heat exchanger having a cavity inside is immersed in the tank, the heated oil product is taken from the internal cavity ik and return to the bottom of the tank in the mating place forming the cylindrical part with the end walls, at the same time flows of oil to the arched part of the tank along its end walls.

The installation for carrying out the proposed method, comprising a pump, a suction pipe and a submersible heat exchanger and a pressure pipe with nozzles fixed at the end flange and equipped with nozzles installed in the flange, an additional pump, a suction pipe and a pressure pipe located in one of the rails movement to supply heated oil to the bottom of the tank, with the pumps mounted on the flange, the heat exchanger is made in

the form of a bundle of vertical pipes connected to the bottom by a collector with the formation in the central part of the cavity, suction pipes placed in the latter, fastened in the flange, their ends have brackets directed in opposite directions and located at different heights, the discharge pipe is installed in the free guide, and the nozzle are directed

0 up to the free part of the tank,

FIG. 1 shows the proposed installation; in fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circulation of petroleum in the tank; in fig. 3 shows the node I in FIG. 2; in fig. A - section A-A in FIG. 2

5 The method of discharge from tanks of viscous petroleum products is carried out as follows.

A heat exchanger having an internal cavity is immersed in the central part of the tank, and a part of the oil product is heated by it. The heated oil product is taken from the internal cavity of the heat exchanger and is fed through a pressure pipeline through a pressure pipe through a nozzle into the

5 the bottom part of the tank to the places of the interface forming the cylindrical part of the tank with end walls. At the same time, the oil product flows are directed upward along the end walls of the tank. Under the influence of streams of heated oil product and due to heat transfer, the heating zone extends upwards to the roof of the tank. In the tank, flows are created that circulate along the injection pipes of the pipelines, as well as flows moving along the end walls of the tank. The heat exchanger cavity as the heated oil product is withdrawn is filled with oil product from the zones surrounding the heat exchanger.

0 Due to heat transfer and mixing, the heating zone expands, and more and more petroleum products are set in motion. Upon reaching full heating of the whole mass of oil from 5, the drain device is covered and the oil is drained.

Heating and mixing of the petroleum product can be continued even when draining until the liquid level is reached, at which

0, the beginning of the suction pipe, after which the heating and stirring is stopped and the remaining oil is drained.

The installation for unloading from tanks in petroleum products contains a submersible heat exchanger 2 fixed to the supporting flange 1, suction pipes 3, discharge pipes 4, guides 5, bypass valve 6. pumps 7 with electric motors 8.

The heat exchanger 2 consists of three zones: a central 9 and two side 10, 11, formed by bundles of vertical pipes 12 connected in the lower part by a collector 13. The cross-sectional profile of the heat exchanger 2 has an optimal cross-sectional shape with respect to the free space profile of the hatch. The compactness of the pipes 12 in bundles is high. Inside the central zone 9 there is a cavity 14 in which the suction pipes 3 are located. The ends of the pipes 3 are located at different levels, the inlets are directed in opposite directions and are chamfered.

The guides 5 are installed above the heat exchanger 2, crossed in the vertical plane and arranged in parallel vertical planes displaced in opposite directions from the longitudinal axis of the hatch of the tank 15. The ends of the discharge pipes 4 connected with pumps 7 flexible hoses 16. The discharge pipes 4 are bent, nozzles 17 are installed at their lower ends, which are located on the upper part of pipelines 4 and are inclined towards the end walls of the tank 15.

The installation may have stationary devices in the tank 15 (ladder, drain rod 18, segments for controlling the product level).

A platform 19 is located on the pole 20, and a ladder 21 are provided for servicing the installation. A winch 22 is mounted on the platform 19 to raise and lower the support flange 1 with the equipment mounted on it,

A unit for unloading tanks of viscous petroleum products operates as follows.

Before you begin to load in the circuit of the heat exchanger 2 serves coolant. The heat exchanger 2 is heated. With the help of the winch 22, the heat exchanger 2 is lowered into the opening of the hatch of the tank 15 in its central part. As the oil product is heated in the central part of the tank 15, the heat exchanger 2 is immersed in the tank 15. After the heat exchanger 2 is completely immersed in the oil product, the latter is heated. In this case, the coolant is initially supplied to the central zone 9 of the heat exchanger 2, after passing through which the coolant enters the side zones 10, 11. Such movement of the coolant allows for more intensive heat transfer.

When the volume of heated oil reaches the required value, through

guides 5 enter the ends of the injection pipes 4. The passage through the heated oil product, the injection pipes 4 are heated, and part of the heated oil through the nozzles 17 penetrates into their cavities. Heated pipelines 4 are introduced further into the heating channel. The ends of the pipes 4, reaching the bottom of the tank 15 near the end walls, due to the curved shape occupy a stable position.

When in the central part of the tank 15 the temperature of the oil product rises to the required value, pumps 7 are turned on, oil is pumped out via the suction lines 3 from the central cavity 14 of the heat exchanger 2, and then through the discharge lines 4 it is fed to the bottom of the tank to the ends of the tank 15. The tanks 15 are not yet heated, and its resistance is large, part of the heated oil product is pumped through the overflow valve 6. Subsequently, the bypass is stopped. Oil is fed through the nozzle 17 up along the end walls, directed it at an acute angle to the end walls. The zone of heating of the oil product under the influence of flows and heat transfer extends upward to the dome of tank 15. Thus, in tank 15 flows are created that move from bottom to top along the end walls of tank 15 and further into its central part. In addition, since the injection pipes 4 are constantly heated and surrounded by low viscosity oil products, a part of the oil products also moves along the discharge pipes 4 to the central part of the tank 15 to the heat exchanger 2. As a result, a uniform flow of all the heat exchanger 2 sections occurs, allowing the most complete use heat exchange area, as well as intensive mixing of the oil product.

At the end of the warm-up turn off the pump 7, open the valve of the drain device 18 and unload the oil product.

The invention makes it possible to reduce unloading time and energy costs.

Claims (2)

1. The method of unloading from tanks of viscous petroleum products, which consists in immersing the heat exchanger in the central part of the tank, heating part of the oil product, taking the heated oil product from the central part of the tank and returning it to the injection pipe under pressure through the nozzles until the whole oil mass is fully heated followed by A drain, characterized in that, in order to reduce discharge time and energy consumption, a heat exchanger having a cavity inside is immersed in the tank, the heated oil product is taken from the internal cavity of the heat exchanger and return to the bottom part of the tank to the mating points forming the cylindrical part with the end walls, while directing the flow of oil to the arched part of the tank along its end walls. 2. Installation for unloading tanks of viscous petroleum products, containing a pump, a suction pipe and a submersible heat exchanger and discharge pipe with nozzles at the end, fixed in the bearing flange, characterized in that, in order to reduce unloading time and energy costs, it is fitted with flanges guides, additional pump, suction pipe and discharge pipe located in one of the guides with the ability to move to supply heated oil in the bottom hour s tank, the pumps are installed on the flange, the heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of vertical pipes connected below by a collector with the formation in the central part of the cavity, the suction pipes are placed in the latter, fixed in the flange, their ends have bevels, directed in opposite directions and located at different heights, the discharge pipeline is installed in the free guide, and the nozzles are directed upwards to the arched part of the tank. nineteen Fig.Z eleven