SU1728830A1 - Precipitation gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to hydrometeorological measurements. The goal is to improve measurement accuracy and operational reliability. The sediment meter contains a housing in the form of one receiving receiver 1 and measuring and recording 2 cylindrical chambers located one above the other. Inside the receiving cylindrical chamber 1, two additional tanks of different diameters are installed. A smaller diameter container 8 is provided with ballast and placed afloat in antifreeze coated with an oil film 10. A larger diameter container 11 filled with antifreeze is installed on the inter-chamber partition 12. The container 11 is equipped with centering rollers 13 placed on its inner surface near the open end of this container. The overflow channel 14 is attached to a tank of larger diameter in its middle part. Inside the tank of a smaller diameter, a cylindrical receiving vessel 15 is installed at its bottom. In front of the outlet of the overflow channel 14, a screen 16 is placed, and at its entrance there are oil catchers. The overflow channel is connected to the sensor of the amount of antifreeze displaced from the receiving chamber in the measuring and recording chamber 2. When filling the receiving cylindrical vessel 15, it, together with a container 8 of a smaller diameter, is immersed in antifreeze 10. The amount displaced by this antifreeze is measured in chamber 2. 1 sludge. with s

Description

The invention relates to hydrometeorological studies and can be used to unify means and detail observations of the intensity, amount and time of deposition of liquid, mixed and solid precipitation.

The aim of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy and reliability of operation.

The drawing shows the proposed gauge.

The precipitator contains a housing in the form of a receiving 1 and measuring and registering 2 cylindrical chambers, as well as compartment 3 with an assembly tank 4. The case has the shape of a sleeve and is mounted on a fixed base 5. Cameras 1.2 and compartment 3 are placed one above the other, respectively numbers The receiving chamber is equipped at the open end with a calibrated ring 6 and a removable funnel 7. Inside the receiving chamber 1 there are two additional containers of different diameters. AmXI

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with about

H h0 +

The bone 8 of smaller diameter is supplied with ballast in the form of cargo 9 weighing the bottom and placed afloat in antifreeze coated with an oil film 10. The container 11 of a larger diameter mounted on the inter-chamber partition 12 is filled with antifreeze. The container 11 is provided with centering rollers 13 placed on its inner surface near the open end of the container. The overflow channel 14 is attached to the vessel 11 of a larger diameter in its middle part at a height H from the bottom of this vessel. Inside the vessel of smaller diameter, a cylindrical receptacle 15 is installed at its bottom. In front of the outlet of the overflow channel 14, a screen 16 is placed, and at its entrance there are oil catchers in the form of a system of trays and partitions. The overflow channel is connected to an amount sensor from the receiving antifreeze chamber, such as a pluviograph, which is located in the measuring and recording chamber 2.

The height H of the connection of the peretochny channel relative to the bottom of the tank 11 of larger diameter is calculated by the formula

Xfp / ov f / b

where h0 is the initial (without precipitation) immersion of the tank 8 of smaller diameter in antifreeze 10;

x is the maximum thickness of the layer of measured precipitation;

fo is the cross-sectional area of the calibrated ring;

PB - the density of water;

F is the cross-sectional area of the receiving cylindrical vessel;

ra - antifreeze density.

The precipitator operates as follows.

When precipitation falls, they penetrate through the calibrated ring 6 into the cavity of the receiving vessel 15. As a result, its weight increases and it, together with a capacity of a smaller diameter 8, slides on the centering rollers 13, is immersed in the antifreeze 10 of the container 11 until equilibrated . At the same time, the level of antifreeze 10 in the tank 11 due to immersion of the tank 8 rises above the threshold of the inlet openings of the overflow channel 14 and begins to flow into the measuring and recording chamber 2.

In this case, the screen 16 and the oil separators prevent leakage of oil, which protects the antifreeze 10 in the tank 11 from evaporation losses. In accordance with Archimedes' law, the weight of the antifreeze displaced by the floating system and measured, for example,

equal to the amount (weight) of precipitations that fell into the receiving vessel 15. In the case of a significant difference in the density of antifreeze used from the density of water, the following relationship is used in determining the layer of precipitation:

v, pa

With a significant change in the density of antifreeze under the influence of temperature drops, the value of its density PB takes into account the air temperature during the period of precipitation. For this purpose, for example, tapes of precipitation and a thermograph are used.

The brand of antifreeze is selected taking into account possible winter minimum air temperatures. Tasols (40 or 65), which are neutral to metals, are preferred.

0 and maintain fluidity at lower temperatures.

The sediment gauge is designed to measure 300 mm of liquid and 200 mm of solid sediments without changing the receiving vessel. Approaching

5 to the indicated limits, the receptacle filled with sediments is replaced by a replaceable receiving vessel. To do this, remove the calibrated ring 6. After installing the new receiving vessel, add

0 antifreeze in the container 11 to the initial state. Antifreeze accumulated in the collection tank is used to top up. The amount of antifreeze found in the collecting tank before this is taken into account volumetric

5 way (measuring cup) or weighing. In this way, it is possible to determine the total precipitation during the period of filling the control vessel.

To improve the precipitation rate, the precipitation gauge can be equipped with standard or some other, more effective wind protection. When measuring precipitation in the form of snow and hail, the precipitation gauge is used without a funnel.

five

Claims (1)

Claims of the invention: A precipitator comprising a housing mounted on a fixed base in the form of receiving and measuring-recording cylindrical chambers connected 0 between them is a flow-through channel, as well as a removable funnel installed on the open end of the receiving chamber, inside of which a receiving cylindrical vessel is installed afloat in antifreeze, while 5, the measurement and recording chamber contains a sensor for the amount of antifreeze discharged from the receiving chamber, characterized in that, in order to improve measurement accuracy and reliability in operation, the receiving chamber is located above the measuring and recording chamber coaxially with it, two additional containers of different diameters, with a smaller diameter tank equipped with ballast and placed afloat in antifreeze coated with an oil film, and a larger diameter tank filled with antifreeze and on the inter-chamber partition and equipped with centering rollers placed on its inner surface 0 near the open end of the tank with a larger diameter, with the overflow channel attached to the tank with a larger diameter in its middle part, the receiving cylindrical vessel is installed at the bottom of the tank with a smaller diameter, there is a screen in front of the inlet of the overflow channel, and oil sensors at its entrance The amount of anti-freeze displaced from the receiving chamber is placed inside the measuring and recording chamber associated with the collection tank.