RU2584758C1 - Device for collection of wear products in liquid lubricant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment; technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to investigation of degree of contamination highly volatile lubricant materials with wear products of friction pairs of mechanical systems, for example, engines, mechanisms, machines and devices. Knowledge of degree of contamination of highly volatile oils/lubricants with particles of wear of friction pairs and/or seals (cups, seals etc) is a very important problem, engineering solution of which allows considerably improving reliability of vital mechanical systems. Device for collection of wear products in liquid lubrication includes a drive in form of electric motor and cavity for arrangement of tested liquid. For purpose of collection and analysis of wear products in liquid lubricant from friction pairs of coupled parts, device comprises mixer connected with engine shaft, which is placed in funnel cone with no contact of mixer, and in lower part of funnel there is an outlet opening for oil, diameter of which coincides with diameter of opening in open position of plug.

EFFECT: rapid testing of lubricating material, as well as possibility of preventing emergency failures of engines and other objects using liquid oil lubrication system of movable couplings.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of studying the degree of contamination of easily flowing lubricants by the wear products of friction pairs of mechanical systems, for example, in engines, mechanisms, machines and devices.

Knowing the degree of contamination of easily flowing oils / lubricants by wear particles of friction pairs and / or seals (cups, oil seals, etc.) is very important for various engines, lubrication systems, as it allows you to timely prevent possible emergency situations with operating equipment by disabling the operation of the facility, having made an urgent landing of the liner, etc.

The following developments in this direction are known.

For example, a device for determining the oil content of lubricants (RU 2125256, G01N 13/14, publ. 1999.01.20), an adhesiometer (RU 2018803, G01N 11/10, publ. 1994.08.30), a rotational viscometer (RU 2109266, G01N 11 / 14, publ. 1998.04.20), a rotational viscometer (RU 2056626, G01N 11/14, publ. 1996.03.20) and a rotational viscometer containing a vessel with inlet and outlet nozzles (RU 2051373, G01N 11/14, publ. 1995.12. 27). In the last of these, a vessel is used where the first cylindrical body is placed, mechanically connected with a synchronous motor, and the second cylindrical body, mounted with a gap coaxially to the first on a freely rotating shaft, the second end of the shaft being connected via a pulley to a torque meter. The operation of the viscometer is based on measuring the torque that occurs on the axis of a cylindrical body immersed in the test fluid during the mutual movement of the cylindrical body and the fluid. The degree of contamination by wear products of the lubricant is not checked, as well as their quantitative composition. Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 86313, registered in the State Register on 08.27.2009 under the name "Universal Adhesion Tester", is also not intended for collecting mechanical lubricant contaminants, which are plastic in nature. The design is based on a high-speed electric motor connected to a shaft on which grease is previously applied. There is a Hall sensor for monitoring the number of revolutions of the shaft rotation and electronic scales on which a hollow glass is installed to catch lubricant flying away to the sides during rotation of the shaft.

A method for measuring the degree of contamination of engine oil with friction unit wear products (RU 2419790), characterized in that the aerosol of the controlled engine oil is obtained by means of a jet-centrifugal nozzle and ignited by a high-voltage flare discharge, directing the axial axis of the plasma flow into the plasma chemical reactor for subsequent afterburning of the aerosol particles with final particle control by spectral analysis methods. The method is very laborious and expensive to implement.

An electric centrifuge designed to clean crankcase oil of an internal combustion engine (RU 2392058), comprising a housing, a slurry chamber, a hollow shaft, a rotor mounted on a hollow shaft with holes, and a vertically movable scraper to clean the rotor from contamination, characterized in that a movable scraper is installed inside the rotor, held in the upper position by a spring, and when cleaning contaminants in the lower position by inertial latches, it creates a layer of separated oil from 3 to 30 mm, while the rotor itself has a double bottom, p When in use, the upper bottom - movable retained in the upper position by a spring, in the separation mode inertial latch, and holes for discharging contaminants located between the false bottom in the lower part of the rotor. In general - a bulky device without quickly fixing the amount of contamination.

Method and device for determining the content of insoluble sediments in waste oils (RU 2393471 - prototype): the device for determining the content of insoluble sediments in waste oils has a rotor mounted on a vertically located shaft connected to the motor shaft; the rotor is a reservoir with a removable cover and consists of a lower cavity for accommodating the test fluid, made in the form of a truncated cone, facing up with a large base, and an upper cylindrical cavity for accommodating the decanted centrate and precipitating impurities with a diameter exceeding the diameter of the upper base of the lower cavity, in the upper cavity, a detachable cylindrical metal foil insert for collecting precipitates, whose height is the swarm corresponds to the height of this cavity.

The purpose of the development is to create a device for collecting and analyzing wear products in liquid lubricant (in liquid oil) mainly from friction pairs of movably conjugated parts (for example, piston-cylinder, cuff-rod, etc.).

The technical result of the device is achieved through the use of a small-sized funnel-shaped collector for the tested liquid lubricant for the presence of foreign inclusions in it (for example, metal particles exfoliated by friction pairs, cuff seal particles resulting from the duration of work or from aging, or from overloads in conjugations, etc.). The collection provides for the creation of a rotation of the lubricant, which, due to centripetal acceleration, leads to the concentration of foreign impurities in the center of the collection in the form of a rotating column. At the same time, it is this part of the inclusions with the presence of lubricant that is just taken for express analysis as the most informative mixture.

The essence of the developed device is shown in Fig. one; it is indicated:

1 - base; 2 - capacity for analysis of the degree of oil pollution / lubrication by wear products; 3 - guides; 4 - a stub; 5 - hole in the plug; 6 - lower hole in the conical funnel; 7 - conical funnel (small-sized collection); 8 - mixer; 9 - oil / grease tested; 10 - upper oil level; 11 - attachment point of the mixer to the output shaft of the engine; 12 - cover (removable); 13 - mounting the pipe to the cover; 14 - shutter; 15 - pipe; 16 - tank; 17 - engine; 18 - engine mounts; 19 - platform; 20 - shaft of the output engine; 21 - hole in the cover; 22 - oil / grease pollution column; 23 - pump (removable) pumping.

The technical result realized by the proposed device to achieve the goal is achieved by periodically withdrawing portions of the working oil into a conical funnel, in which, when creating a circular rotation of the mixer and the appearance of centripetal force, there is a rapid concentration of all foreign impurities in the form of a column located in the center of the conical funnel 7 , from the lower hole 6 of which it is easy to take for testing / analysis the entire bulk of the lubricant in the form of contaminated wear products with olba 22. Thus, the goal is feasible.

In statics, the developed device has the following working parts. The main unit is the central one in the form of a conical 7 funnel, inside which a portion of the test oil 9 is periodically collected and a mixer 8 is located, the rotation of which is provided through the fastener 11 and the output shaft 20 of the engine 17. The conical funnel 7 is not completely filled with the test portion of the oil, up to level 10 To supply oil for testing to the conical funnel 7, a nozzle 15 is used, which is connected at one end to a lid 12 attached to the conical funnel 7, and the other is connected to the reservoir 16, in which the main mass la used to operate the engine of an airplane, automobile, etc. The damper 14 is inserted into the nozzle 15. The capacity 2 is used to collect the portion of oil collected for express control 9. To accelerate the intake of the portion of oil contaminated with wear products, in particular in the form of a column 22, a removable pump 23 is installed for use. To remove oil with wear products from the conical funnel 7, a hole 5 is provided in the plug 4, the diameter of which is exactly equal to the diameter of the hole 6 in the conical funnel 7. As a result, for accurate testing Ia states taken oil tank 2 is installed.

The operation of the device includes the following operations.

Periodically, as the engine is running, the shutter 14 is automatically or manually opened to take for analysis a certain portion of oil, the upper level of which is limited by approximately line 10, that is, below the average bend of the profile of the mixer 8. At the same time, the lower hole 6 of the conical funnel 7 is tightly closed by a plug 4 After mixing a portion of the oil 9 with the help of the engine 17 and the mixer 8, the plug 4 is opened when it is horizontally moved until the hole 5 is exactly under the hole 6. Column expiration 22 s lubricated with wear products of lubrication can be carried out both by gravity into the tank 2, and using a pumping removable pump 23, tightly installed to the bottom hole of the funnel. This is followed by the final stage - the diagnosis of the degree of oil pollution and the decision on the possibility or impossibility of further operation of the engine. With continued operation, the described oil check / control procedure is periodically repeated according to the described algorithm.

Thus, the stated goal is fully achieved.

An advantage is that all selection work for express testing of lubricant can be automated. This is the opening and closing of the shutter 14; turning on / off the engine 17, mixing the oil with a concentration of contaminants in the form of a column located in the center of the conical funnel 7; moving the plug to the required closing-opening positions for the oil taken for inspection, which either takes place by gravity into the tank 2, or is carried out by a removable pump 23. The collection of contaminants in the tank 2 is then not difficult to diagnose and is carried out quickly and efficiently with standard devices (for example, using spectral analysis).

Note: experimental part.

The author selected a wide range of contaminants that may be most likely when the engines are running. In particular, small particles of steel and shavings, plastics and rubber were collected (the last two materials are found in sealing seals, cuffs). Refined deodorized corn oil of grade “P” was used as oil.

As a conical funnel, a funnel was used, usually used to fill gasoline in the tanks of cars. The presence of a conical shape (in contrast to a cylindrical one) is the most correct technical solution, as experiments have shown. Therefore, it was this form in the form of a conical funnel that was included in this application.

The overall dimensions of the funnel in the experiments were as follows:

- outer diameter 110 mm;

- the height of the funnel (its conical part) is 65 mm;

- the inner diameter of the part of the funnel emerging from it is 9 mm.

To accelerate the process of spontaneous outflow of contaminated oil in real conditions, it makes sense to increase the inner diameter of the funnel outgoing from its conical part by at least 15 mm, since this will greatly facilitate and accelerate the outflow of contaminated oil from the conical funnel. This was confirmed by additional experiments. With a relatively small diameter of the outlet of the funnel, even pure oil without any impurities flows out slowly enough under its own weight into the substituted container. Therefore, it is safe to recommend that the diameter of the oil outlet should be at least 15 mm.

Claims (3)

1. A device for collecting wear products in liquid lubricant, comprising a drive in the form of an electric motor and a cavity for receiving the test fluid, characterized in that, for the purpose of collecting and analyzing wear products in liquid lubricant from friction pairs of movably conjugated parts (for example: piston-cylinder , cuff-rod, etc.), contains a mixer connected to the motor shaft, which is placed in a conical funnel with no contact with the mixer, and at the bottom of the funnel there is an outlet for oil, the diameter of which coincides exactly with a hole diameter in the open position of the plug. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the collection of oil-insoluble foreign inclusions formed due to wear of friction pairs, and the formation of these particles in the form of a column in the center of a conical funnel is carried out by centripetal force caused by rotation of the mixer, while the diameter of the drain the bottom hole from the funnel must be at least 15 mm. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in addition to the gravity of the contaminated oil into the tank, a removable pump can be installed that is installed close to the bottom hole of the funnel, and all basic technological processes can be automated as much as possible.

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