SU1724093A1 - Method for cultivation of field-protecting forest plantations - Google Patents

Abstract

Summary of the Invention: Soil preparation and planting are carried out by alternating blocks of tree and shrub species. At the same time, in addition to the sections of the main and associated rocks, multi-breed sections are additionally formed from nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing rocks. Pick up the breed, entering the phase of bloom at different times. Agrotechnical care is carried out in the period before the closure of the crowns in the sections of the main and accompanying rocks between the rows and rows. In multi-breed sections of nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing breeds, the departure is carried out only between the spaces x. 1 il.

Description

The invention relates to rural and forestry, in particular, to the technology of growing forest belts with enhanced agromeliorative efficiency.

There is a known method of creating protective forest plantations, which includes planting narrow strips of wart birch and common rind, which are covered with elastic elastic hydrophobic chemical fibers in the fall before the beginning of fall of leaves, and the fibers are discretely applied to the tree trunks and forest floor surface. in chess order, the covered areas with uncovered (ed. St. USSR number 1464969, class A 01 G 23/00, 1987). The known method allows to preserve leaf litter and improve wind and hydrological regimes in the forest belt and in the adjacent territory, but does not provide the necessary living conditions for pollinating insects for their effective functioning.

The closest to the invention is a method of creating forest shelter belts of an openwork structure, including preparing the soil, planting seedlings of tree and shrub species and agrotechnical care. In order to reduce the cost of labor and resources for subsequent care and to improve microclimatic indicators in the zone of influence of the forest belt, planting of seedlings is carried out in alternating blocks of tree and shrub species.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to provide a feed conveyor for insect pollinators, which is necessary for their better functioning in pollinating entomophilous crops on the fields adjacent to forest belts.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of entomophilous crops by improving the living conditions of insect pollinators.

According to the proposed method, the soil is prepared, the plants are planted.

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alternating with blocks of tree and shrub species and subsequent agrotechnical care for them. Sections of the main and accompanying breeds form alternating blocks that enter the flowering phase at different times, while agrotechnical care is carried out in the period before the crowns are closed in the sections of the main and accompanying rocks between the rows and rows, and in multibreed sections from and polleniferous rocks - only between ages x.

Comparison of the proposed method with the prototype shows the presence of distinctive features, which gives grounds to consider this method as an appropriate criterion of novelty. When studying other known methods in this field, the signs that distinguish the invention from the prototype have not been identified, because they provide the invention with the criterion of significant differences.

The drawing shows a diagram showing the location of sections and plants in them, as well as the areas of action of insect pollinators.

The diagram shows: A - section of the main and accompanying rocks; B - multi-breed section of nectar-bearing and pollen plants; 1 - birch hung; 2 - small-leaved linden; 3 - field maple; 4 - snowy year; 5 - common hazel; 6 - shiny cotoneaster; 7 - linden large leaves; 8 - Tatar maple; 9 - Tatarsk honeysuckle; 10 - horse chestnut; 11 - Acacia is yellow; 12 - Acacia Belas; 13 - pear forest; 14, 15, and 16 are the boundaries of entomophilous plant pollination zones in the interband field.

An example of the method.

In the area designated for planting of a forest (forest belt) section, a kidney is prepared according to the system of black steam with plantation plowing to black soil and chestnut soils to a depth of 50-60 cm; on gray forest soils and leached chernozem - primary plowing to a depth of 27-30 cm with simultaneous deeper cultivation of the arable layer up to 35-40 cm. In the area accumulated under the forest belt, snow and melt water are handled from the fall the holes are with a disk hole former, in the spring - the closure of moisture by harrowing in 2 tracks. During the summer, depending on the clogging of the plot, 4-5 layer-by-layer cultivations are carried out to a depth of 8-14 cm with simultaneous harrowing. Layered cultivations alternate from shallower (8-10 cm) to deeper (12-14 cm). In the fall, the pairs are loosely loosened to a depth of 35-40 cm. In the spring of next year, the soil is harrowed in 1-2 tracks to a depth of 6-8 cm; if necessary, preplanting is carried out with simultaneous harrowing.

Before planting, the area is divided by landmarks alternately into sections A and B, respectively, 100-150 and 50-75 m long, taking into account the maximum flight range (80-100 m) of wild pollinating insects from their nesting sites in sections B. only from the first pass of the tractor, if the entire strip is planted behind the back of the machine. Otherwise, the unit is equipped with two-sided markers and the marking of the boundaries of the sections is also made along the edge of the last passage of the unit.

Plants are planted with one- and two-year-old seedlings using forest planting machines of the SLN-1 type. In order to comply with the mixing schemes of the rocks in sections during the planting process, the landing gear boxer is divided into pieces. Planting material of the corresponding breed for section A is placed into one of them, and breeds for section B are placed in the others. The breeds of rocks are planted in sections according to the tractor driver’s signal as the unit approaches the border of the section, fixed by a pole,

Different types of linden, acacia, willow and glaciation are used as nectariferous breeds; the maples: field, nepolistnik and Tatar, Amur velvet and kiliznik are shiny, and common species of birch and alder are used as pollen-bearing species.

After planting and mandrels of seedlings in rows of sections B, mounds of clay with a height of 25–30 cm are packed and compacted with an interval of 2.5–3.0 m to nest in them insect pollinators.

Agrotechnical plant care (cultivation) in the sections of the main and accompanying breeds is carried out between the rows and rows, and in the multi-breed sections of nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing species in order to create the necessary conditions for early settlement in their rows with mounds for nesting, only between the rows as weed seedlings appear before the crowns close together with the protective zone increased to 30-35 cm. On leached, ordinary and pre-Caucasian chernozems, the first cultivation of the inter-row spaces is carried out to a depth of 8-10 cm, the next - 12-16 cm by known cultivators. On the southern chernozem, chestnut complex soils and brown soils, the depth of the first cultivation

16-14 cm, subsequent -16 cm. The soil in the zone of rows in all cases is loosened to a depth of 6-8 cm. Care of the soil between the rows is done by forest or agricultural cultivators, in the zone of rows - for example, forest rotary cultivator KRL-1,

The application of the proposed method of growing forest shelter plantations makes it possible to create a stable full-value feed conveyor for insect pollinators of entomophilous cultures and entomophages throughout their entire life activity. For example, for the chernozem zone of the North Caucasus, this conveyor is created by introducing into section B such first-class nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing species, such as field maple, common hazel, birch hanging (April-May bloom), Tartar maple, Kizilnik bright, Acacia yellow, Tatar honeysuckle (May-June), large-leaved and small-leaved lindens (July), snowy yearbook (July-September). Due to this, and taking into account the hillocks formed in sections B on uncultivated soil in rows, the necessary conditions are provided for increasing the number and species diversity of insect pollinators by several times, steady pollination of entomophilous cultures on the protected inter-strip fields, regardless of weather conditions.

The advantages of the proposed method in comparison with the prototype are as follows.

Introduction to protective forest stands of multibreeding sections with the best nectar-bearing and pollen-bearing trees and shrubs with different flowering periods creates a stable full-fledged feed conveyor for insect pollinating insects from spring to autumn.

The increase in the number and species diversity of these insects from the first year of life of the forest belt is facilitated by the abandonment of the soil and the hand-made clay hillocks in the zone of the series of these sections, since wild pollinating insects

they build their nests only in uncultivated soil, especially when its permeability is weak and there are hillocks on its surface.

By the proposed method, by adjusting the species composition of trees and shrubs, it is possible to form any design of shelter forests depending on their main purpose and environmental conditions.

The planted area of 1 ha created by the proposed method provides protection for the surrounding area of 25-30 ha. When grown in such a field, for example, buckwheat, by improving pollination, the yield is increased by 3-4 centners / ha. With a grain cost of 400 rubles. per ton the economic effect per 1 ha of created afforestation will be 3-4.8 thousand rubles. FORUMAWLAH AND ISLANDS

The method of growing forest shelter plantations, including the preparation of the soil, planting plants alternating blocks of tree and shrub species and subsequent agrotechnical care

behind them, characterized in that, in order to increase the yields of entomophilous crops by improving the living conditions of pollinating insects, the planting of plants by alternating blocks is carried out by forming sections of the main and accompanying breeds and multibreeding sections of the nectariferous and polleniferous rocks entering the flowering phase in different terms, while agrotechnical

the treatment is carried out in the period before closure of the crowns in the sections of the main and accompanying breeds between the rows and rows, and in the multi-breed sections of nectar-bearing and polleniferous rocks — only in the spaces between the rows.

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Claims (1)

Claim A method of growing field-protective forest plantations, including preparing the soil, planting plants in alternating blocks of wood and shrub species and subsequent agrotechnical care for them, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of entomophilous crops by improving the living conditions of pollinating insects, planting plants in alternating blocks carried out by forming sections of the main and accompanying rocks and multi-breed sections of nectariferous and dust-bearing rocks entering the flowering phase at various rock, while agrotechnical care is carried out in the period before the crowns close in sections of the main and accompanying rocks in the aisles and rows, and in multi-breed sections of nectariferous and dust-bearing rocks, only in the aisles. g L T A ^g X X X X X x X X X X X X A Λ 7 D χ X X X x X x X X X y t 4- + + -g -t + + + + +++ + r + - -t- - T V £ V ® 4 · 4 · • t- +++ t + 4. + -u τ Γ s - - - ~ + t i 1- + t -r voce X X X X X y X X X λ X X V.-J? _ 'C7J X>, X X x X x X X X x