SU1722587A1 - Laboratory magnetic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: separation of minerals by magnetic properties. The invention: on the vertical hollow shaft 5 is fixed non-magnetic ferrule 3. On its surface, magnets 4 of alternating polarity are fixed. They are located radially. A fixed separation chamber 1 is located above the magnetic system. On its conical surface, non-magnetic guides 2 are fixed at an angle to the cone-forming cone. Chamber 1 is installed with the possibility of vertical movement. The shaft 5 is rotated from the engine 6. A conical power distributor 7 is located above the chamber. It is made of a non-magnetic material and faces upwards. The non-magnetic power reflector 8 is made in the form of a truncated cone, facing upwards with a large base. Under the shaft 5 is installed receiver magnetic fraction. Under the lower end of the camera 1 is a receiver of the non-magnetic fraction. 3 il.

Description

The invention relates to the enrichment of iron ores and can be used to separate magnetic minerals according to magnetic properties, i.e. for selective separation and enrichment of minerals.

The known magnetic separators containing a working chamber and a system of moving permanent magnets or electromagnets, separate the magnetic raw materials into magnetic and non-magnetic components.

A disadvantage of separators of this type is the inability to selectively separate the magnetic fraction into individual components.

According to the technical principle, the closest to the proposed separator is a laboratory magnetic periodic separator comprising a magnetic system consisting of magnets with alternating polar poles radially placed along the periphery of a flat yoke fixed on a shaft connected to an electric motor and placed on the table there is a separation chamber.

The disadvantage of such a separator is its low productivity due to the periodicity of action.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the performance of the separator by the continuity of its work.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a well-known laboratory magnetic separator containing a magnetic system with alternating polar poles placed radially on the surface of the yoke mounted on a vertical shaft connected to an electric motor and a separation chamber in the form of a truncated cone mounted with a gap and coaxially with

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a magnetic system, with the gap made adjustable, the separator is equipped with guide plates installed in the upper part of the separation chamber perpendicular to its surface and at an angle to the cone-forming, and made of a non-magnetic material, with a conical non-magnetic feed distributor mounted above the chamber upwards, and a non-magnetic feed reflector in the form of a truncated cone, facing upwards with a large base, and installed under the distributor; the yoke is made in the form of a truncated cone, the surface The core of which is parallel to the surface of the chamber, and the shaft is hollow, while the chamber is mounted with the possibility of vertical movement.

Figure 1 shows the proposed laboratory magnetic separator, a General view; FIG. 2 is a magnetic system, top view; Fig. 3 shows a separation chamber, top view.

The magnetic separator contains a separation chamber 1, on which the guide plates 2 are installed, a holder of the magnetic system 3, on the outer surface of which there are permanent magnets 4. The magnetic system is fixed on the shaft 5 and is driven into rotation by the electric motor 6, the shaft is made hollow. Above the separation chamber is a cone feed distributor 7, at the base of which a reflector 8 is fixed. A container 9 for the magnetic fraction is mounted under the hollow shaft. The device comprises a container 10 for a non-magnetic fraction and a lifting device 11 providing vertical movement of the separation chamber relative to the magnetic system.

The magnetic system (Fig. 2) is a truncated cone, on the outer surface of which there are radially arranged permanent magnets of alternating polarity.

The separator works as follows.

The material to be separated in the form of a powder with a particle size of 0-100 µm with the help of a funnel container, a conical feed distributor 7 and a reflector 8 falls on the lateral surface of the cone-shaped separation chamber into area B (Fig 2) under the action of gravity rolls the inclined surface of the separation chamber into the receiver 10. Under the action of an alternating traveling magnetic field caused by the rotation of the magnetic system by an electric motor, magnetic particles begin to move towards izhuschims magnets as a result of rotation

around their horizontal axes along a spiral path to the center of the separation chamber and tend to concentrate in area B (Fig. 3). In order for the magnetic particles from area B to continue to move toward the center and through the hole in the shaft into the container 9, on the side surface of the separation chamber there are vertically fixed guide plates 2 located

at an angle to the radius and made of a non-magnetic material. These plates cause the magnetic particles to move along the surface of the cone inward of the hollow shaft until they fall off and fall into the receiver 9.

Cone distributor 7 power

provided with a reflector 8, which serves to prevent the substance to be separated from entering the area A (FIG. 2) of the separation chamber. The most effective separation of a substance occurs when region B is located at a distance equal to 1/3 of the length of the magnet from its lower end.

A change in the distance between the separation chamber and the magnetic system by means of a lifting device 11 leads to a change in the intensity and gradient of the magnetic field on the surface of the separation chamber. With a minimum

the gap between the separation chamber and the magnetic system, the magnitude of the magnetic field, and its gradient on the surface of the separation chamber take maximum values, the separator extracts from the rock

all magnetic substances up to the most weakly magnetic. With a large gap, only highly magnetic minerals are extracted.

Thus, by changing the distance between the separation chamber and the magnetic system and separating each time, a substance with certain magnetic properties can be extracted from the rock or the magnetic fraction can be separated into separate components. A similar result can be obtained if permanent magnets are replaced by electromagnets, and the magnitude of the field is adjusted by the amperage in the windings. However, this method

it is convenient only in stationary conditions in the presence of sources of electrical energy. In field geological conditions, the first option is most suitable, especially since the rotation of the magnetic system is

replace with manual is not particularly difficult.

Example. Radially eight rectangular permanent magnets (15x15x80) mm3 are fixed radially on the outer surface of a non-magnetic truncated cone with a base diameter of 210 mm and a tilt angle of 40 °. The magnets have the same length, their outer ends are located on a circle of the same radius. The permanent magnets are magnetized in a plane perpendicular to the side surface of the cone. Neighboring magnets have opposite polarity. The permanent magnets are made of barium ferrite plates. The maximum magnetic field strength at the location of the substance to be separated is 1.6.105 A / m.

An electric motor drives a magnetic system with a frequency of 5-10 rev / s. A tilt angle of the separation chamber of 40 ° is optimal, i.e. as this angle decreases, non-magnetic particles are held on the surface of the cone and do not roll into the receiver 10, which reduces the separator performance. Increasing this angle decreases the ability of a separator of weakly magnetic minerals to be reduced. The greater the angle of the cone. the magnetic system, the greater must be the intensity of the magnetic field in the region. separable substance to extract weakly magnetic fractions.

In order to avoid losses on the Foucault currents, the separation chamber is made of non-magnetic non-conductive material - Plexiglas. The guide plates are made of copper sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a height of 5 mm and arranged at an angle

15 to the radius of the separation chamber.

To check the efficiency of the separator, an artificial mixture was made - magnetite, pyrrhotite, river sand with a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1. With a gap of 10 mm between the separation chamber and the magnetic system, magnetite was extracted from the mixture in an amount of 99.8 g, which is 99.8% of the magnetite contained in the mixture. Separation time 120 s. The remaining product after the first separation was subjected to secondary separation with a gap of 5 mm between the separation chamber and the magnetic system. After 90 seconds, 99.7 g of pyrrhotite was extracted from the mixture, i.e. 99.7% of the original product.

In the secondary experiment, the powder of the mineral product from the Mikhailovsky deposit of oxidized quartzites with a particle size of 0.01-0.1 mm was used as natural samples. Separation was carried out at different gaps between

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five

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50

five

separation chamber and magnetic system. This made it possible to determine the weakest magnetic phase that the separator of a particular design can extract from the rock.

Experiments have shown that if the saturation magnetization (ls) is less than 0.4 A m 2 / kg in a field of 8-10 5 A / m, then such a substance cannot be removed by a particular design. In order to extract a substance with a U of less than 0.4 A m / kg. It is necessary to replace permanent barium ferrite magnets with samarium-cobalt or electromagnets that create a floor of greater intensity.

Thus, the proposed design of a magnetic separator allows increasing its performance as a result of continuous operation. In addition, the proposed separator preserves the best properties of the prototype - breaking of the floccules during the rotation of magnetic particles and purification of the material from non-magnetic impurities.

The proposed magnetic separator can be widely used in research laboratories and geological batches in the rapid analysis of minerals. The use of this principle of separation or enrichment of minerals in industrial separators makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the enrichment processes, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the prime cost of the product.

Claims (1)

Claims: Laboratory magnetic separator comprising a magnetic system with alternating polar poles placed radially on the surface of the holder mounted on a vertical shaft connected to an electric motor, and a truncated cone separating chamber mounted with a gap relative to the magnetic system and coaxially with it, different in order to increase the separator’s productivity by ensuring the continuity of its operation, it is equipped with guide plates installed at the top The separation chamber is perpendicular to its surface and at an angle to the cone-forming, and made of a non-magnetic material, a conical non-magnetic power distributor mounted above the camera, with the tip upwards, and a non-magnetic power reflector in the form of a truncated cone facing upwards with a large base and installed under the distributor, the holder is made in the form of a completely hollow, with the camera mounted with a truncated cone, the surface of which is vertically parallel to the surface of the camera, and the extension shaft. Fig.z