RU2733253C1 - Method of separating magnetic particles and separator device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed group of inventions relates to a laboratory method of beneficiation of minerals, in particular to wet magnetic separation of magnetic particles and can be used for studying samples of rock by analytical methods. Method of separating magnetic particles using a separator comprises placing a required amount of separating elements in a glass cuvette, distilled water is poured into a cone-shaped funnel with ground sample of rock with a fractional composition of up to 0.5 mm, comprises a peristaltic pump for circulating water with a sample through a tapered separating funnel and a glass cuvette with separating elements, circulation of water with the sample is continued until the moment, until amount of magnetic particles sticking to separating element stops increasing, then the peristaltic pump is switched off, the separating element is removed from the glass cuvette in the case with particles attached to the casing, the separating element is removed from the non-magnetic cover, the magnetic particles are washed off the casing. Cone is continuously fed into tapered separatory funnel to allow water with specimen stirring. Separating element used is permanent magnets, number of permanent magnets is selected depending on magnetic susceptibility of sample with possibility of changing number of gradient zones of magnetic field in apparatus working zone. At large amount of magnetic particles in the sample, the stage of extraction of permanent magnet with adhered particles and cleaning of non-magnetic cover surface from adhered particles is repeated. Water circulation rate and separation time are selected depending on magnetic susceptibility of the separated sample. Method is implemented with the help of a separator, which contains a cone-shaped separation funnel, a glass cuvette, a peristaltic pump installed on posts and spacers. Glass cuvette contains separating elements placed in a jacket from thin – up to 0.1 mm, tight non-magnetic material. Separator is equipped with a system of tubes for circulation of water with a sample through a cone-shaped separation funnel and a glass cuvette by means of a peristaltic pump. Additionally it comprises compressor with possibility of constant supply of air for stirring of water with sample through tube leaving the compressor and lowered into cone-shaped separating funnel. Separating elements are permanent magnets glued with like poles to create gradient magnetic field zones.

EFFECT: high efficiency of separating materials in laboratory conditions.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a laboratory method for the beneficiation of minerals, in particular, to wet magnetic separation of magnetic particles and can be used to study rock samples by analytical methods.

The brief essence of the claimed method is the use of liquid circulation with a sample in a closed loop, passing through permanent rare-earth magnets, glued together with the same poles, to enrich rock samples by using permanent magnets that provide the creation of gradient zones of the magnetic field. In this case, the optimal number of gradient zones should be at least 2.

The choice of the number of gradient zones depends on both the size of the magnets and the strength of the magnetic field generated by them.

In the claimed technical solution, four magnets 7 mm long, 4 mm in diameter are used, which create four gradient zones, one at the end of the magnet, three in the places where the magnets are glued. The gradient of the created magnetic field (dH / dz) is not less than 600 E / mm. The magnets are placed in a case made of a thin (up to 0.1 mm), tight-fitting non-magnetic material.

It is known that magnetic separators are used in those applications where it is necessary to attract and separate (separate) ferromagnetic materials of any shape and size from a mixture of materials. The ability of a separator to attract depends both on the magnetic field that it can generate (intensity and gradient) and on the intrinsic induction of the separated object, which is determined by its form factor and the degree of its magnetic permeability.

For a long time, permanent magnets made of ceramic materials such as barium ferrite and, even better, strontium ferrite have been used as an attractive element. These magnets have an average internal and residual magnetic energy and are capable of attracting, within a certain distance, ferromagnetic materials with a large form factor and / or medium-high magnetic permeability. Later, other attractive elements made of sintered materials with high internal remanent magnetic energy, known as rare earth elements, were used. These magnets can attract, within a relatively short distance, but with great efficiency, even materials with a low form factor and / or medium-low to very low magnetic permeability. Also, recently, electromagnets are increasingly used as an attractive element, in which the force of attraction can be changed, depending on the tasks. At the moment, all structures are bulky and designed for a large amount of a separated sample. Another disadvantage is that the separated sample passes through the attracting element only once.

Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic separator that overcomes the limitations of prior art separators. This goal is achieved by means of a separator, in which the separated sample circulates in a closed loop, passing repeatedly through the attracting element. The attracting element is made of cylindrical permanent magnets made of rare earth elements with a diameter of not more than 5 mm, which increases the gradient of the magnetic field, and, accordingly, the force of attraction of the magnetic particles. To create more gradient zones of the magnetic field, the magnets are connected with the same poles.

Isolation and further study of the magnetic separator makes it possible to determine the quality of ores, to isolate minerals-carriers of magnetization in sedimentary rocks. The study of the obtained separat and identification of the classes of magnetic minerals and further determination of the conditions of their formation can give answers about the diamond content of the territory. Also, the isolation of the magnetic fraction and its study can be used to restore the geothermal history of an oil field.

The proposed method is of considerable interest for companies and enterprises operating in the field of climate studies, field development and hydrocarbon production, companies working with ore raw materials and producing diamonds.

From the investigated prior art, useful model No. 110299 "Magnetic roller separator with permanent magnets" has been identified. The essence of the known technical solution is a magnetic roller separator on permanent magnets, including a magnetic roller in the form of a cylinder, a feeder, a chute, as well as a bath, inside of which adjustable partitions are installed in its lower part, dividing it into two compartments with outlet pipes and allowing to adjust the width of the zone receiving each of the compartments, a device for cleaning the working surface of the roll from particles of the magnetic fraction of the separated product deposited on it, characterized in that a screw made of an elastic elastic material is used as a device for cleaning the working surface of the roll from weakly magnetic and strong magnetic particles deposited on it, transporting these particles to the edge of the roll, where they are unloaded into the compartment of the bath for the magnetic product.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the use of dry separation, which can lead to the loss of a substance with a small amount. The disadvantage is also the single passage of the separated material through the magnetic system.

From the investigated state of the art, an invention was revealed according to RF patent No. 2324542 "Magnetic separator with ferrite and rare-earth permanent magnets." The essence of the known technical solution is a magnetic separator with permanent magnets containing a ferromagnetic element for connecting a circuit between at least two magnetic poles, characterized in that each magnetic pole is made of ferrite magnets in the lower part, which is in contact with the said ferromagnetic element for connecting the circuit , and from rare earth magnets at the top, which is the entry / exit surface of the magnetic field lines. Magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that in each magnetic pole the ratio between the effective magnetic length of the ferrite magnets and the rare earth magnets is from 1: 1 to 3: 1, preferably 2: 1. A magnetic separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of a ferromagnetic cylinder around which magnetic poles are applied, said cylinder is surrounded by a protective casing made of non-magnetic material filled with a fixing resin, and this unit is fixed on the shaft so that it can used as a conveyor on which the material to be processed is transported. The magnetic separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ferrite magnets are made of barium ferrite or strontium ferrite. Magnetic separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rare earth magnets are made of samarium-cobalt or iron-boron-neodymium. The magnetic separator according to claim 3, characterized in that the ferrite magnets are made of barium ferrite or strontium ferrite. The magnetic separator according to claim 3, characterized in that the rare earth magnets are made of samarium-cobalt or iron-boron-neodymium. The magnetic separator according to claim 4, characterized in that the rare earth magnets are made of samarium-cobalt or iron-boron-neodymium.

Thus, the essence of the technical solution is a magnetic separator with a variable magnetic field, containing a housing in the form of a rotating non-magnetic drum, located in it two magnetic systems with permanent magnets, located with the possibility of changing the intensity of the magnetic field generated by them, characterized in that the drum is equipped with a shaft and magnetic systems installed on both sides of the shaft with the possibility of changing the position relative to the lateral inner surface of the drum, the shaft is rigidly connected to the housing element in the form of a frame, two walls of which are perpendicular, and two are parallel to the shaft, while the latter are equipped with two yokes, in each of a magnetic system is fixed to them, containing a block of permanent magnets, while the yoke is made in the form of a sector element with a rear wall parallel to the side surface of the drum and two side walls perpendicular to the axis of the drum, each side wall of the yoke is provided with rectangular and circular cutouts through rectangular cutouts are skipped with a gap square guides, equipped with stops in the form of two forks, which serve to regulate the yoke stroke relative to the side surface of the drum and perpendicular to its axis, cam shafts with two eccentrics are installed parallel to them between the rear wall and the yoke guides, which interact with the guide forks , in turn, each camshaft is rotatably located in two holders rigidly connected to the frame walls parallel to the shaft, the drum shaft, in turn, is rotatably mounted around its axis at the time of adjusting the magnetic systems to set them in the working position , and the length of the rectangular groove in the wall of the yoke is calculated in such a way that the angle of rotation of the cam axis is 180 °.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is a small gradient of the magnetic field, despite the possibility of changing the intensity of the magnetic field created by permanent magnets, the field gradient is a more significant feature in the separation of a weakly magnetic substance.

From the investigated state of the art, an invention was revealed under the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2263547 "Method for magnetic separation of weakly magnetic materials and a device for its implementation." The essence of the known technical solution is the magnetic separation of weakly magnetic materials in the mining, glass, chemical, ceramic and other industries. The method of magnetic separation of weakly magnetic materials includes feeding the separated material to elongated ferromagnetic bodies inclined relative to the vertical plane, installed with a gap and parallel to each other, further movement of the material along the elongated ferromagnetic bodies in a magnetic field, the gradient of which acts against gravity and depends on the geometric shape and magnetic properties of elongated ferromagnetic bodies, separation in a magnetic field of a material into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions, a fall under the action of gravity of a non-magnetic fraction of a material down through the gaps between adjacent elongated ferromagnetic bodies, further movement of the magnetic fraction of a material along elongated ferromagnetic bodies in the direction of its unloading when leaving the zone action of magnetic forces.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the passage of the separated material through the zone of attraction of the magnets only once, which affects the low efficiency when used for its intended purpose.

From the investigated state of the art, an invention was revealed under the patent of the Russian Federation No. 104487 "Roller separator with permanent magnets for enrichment of weakly magnetic materials". The essence of the known technical solution is a permanent magnet roller separator for dry and wet enrichment of weakly magnetic materials, including loading and unloading devices, a housing, a rotary gate, a concentrate remover and a magnetic roller capable of rotation around a horizontal axis, on the surface of which permanent magnets of alternating polarity are fixed made of an alloy of neodymium with iron and boron, characterized in that the magnetic roll is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, and the magnets are made in the form of rings with annular disks of magnetic steel glued to them, and in the case of wet enrichment, the device is equipped with a device for supplying water, an overflow device and replaceable nozzles on the discharge branch pipes of the unloader.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the passage of the separated material through the zone of attraction of the magnets only once, the need for preliminary purification from strong magnetic impurities. The specified affects the low efficiency when used for its intended purpose.

From the investigated state of the art, an invention was revealed under the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2700135 "Magnetic separator on permanent magnets for wet enrichment of weakly magnetic materials". The essence of the known technical solution is a magnetic separator on permanent magnets for wet enrichment of weakly magnetic materials, including a housing with a bath, placed in it with a gap two magnetic systems of permanent magnets - the main and additional, while the main magnetic system is located in a drum driven by an electric motor with the possibility of rotation about the axis of the drum, the device is also equipped with a loading box and unloading devices in the form of branch pipes for removing magnetic and non-magnetic pulp, as well as a pipeline for supplying liquid, characterized in that the loading box of the body is equipped with a flow damper for the supplied pulp, which helps to evenly distribute the incoming pulp along the entire working length of the separator, and the device body is made in the form of a box-shaped structure equipped with two legs, with a bottom in the form of a bath, while the separator drum is located in the central part of the body and is equipped with a drive shaft, inside is non-magnetic the final drum housing is located the shaft of the main magnetic system, made in the form of ring segments of permanent magnets, equipped with pole pieces mounted in turn on the non-magnetic housing of the separator drum, and the main magnetic system is equipped with a unit for adjusting its position inside the magnetic drum, located on the end of the main magnetic shaft the system, in addition, the body of the device is equipped with a system of flushing nozzles located on the supply pipeline and a sector curved-concave partition made under the separator drum and facing the curved part towards the bottom of the bath, while an additional magnetic system of permanent magnets is installed on the outer surface of the partition, in addition, the device is equipped with a unit for regulating the working gap between the magnetic systems, installed on both sides of the end of the drive shaft of the main magnetic system, finally, between the pole pieces of the main magnetic system, channels are made for the passage of the liquid to be separated into the working gap of the pole pieces, and spacers are installed between the magnetic systems, which serve to reduce the loss of liquid outside the magnetic tips.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the use of a drum for mixing the liquid with the rock, which leads to a loss of substance and the impossibility of separating small amounts of the sample. The specified affects the low efficiency when used for its intended purpose.

In all of the above described known technical solutions, separation is carried out for enrichment under industrial conditions with large sample volumes, while if the amount of material is limited, then in large devices there will be a loss of substance and a minimum amount of separated material. These disadvantages affect their low efficiency when used in laboratory conditions.

The closest, taken as a prototype, is a separator operating on the principle of circulation of a liquid flow with a powdery sample in a closed loop (T. von Dobeneck, N. Petersen and H. Vali, Bakterielle Magnetofossilien, Geowiss. In unserer Zeit 1, 27-35, 1987). The essence of the known technical solution is the separation of magnetic particles using water circulating through the tubes with crushed rock containing magnetic particles, which repeatedly pass through the separating element - an iron rod.

The disadvantages of the prototype in relation to the method and in relation to the device are:

- the use of an iron rod for separation, in contrast to the use of magnets in the claimed technical solution, which leads to an increase in the number of separated particles in the claimed technical solution;

- lack of selection of the number of separating elements, in contrast to the claimed technical solution, where the number of permanent magnets is selected depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the sample with the ability to change the number of gradient zones of the magnetic field in the working area of the apparatus,

- the absence of a stage and element for stirring up the sediment in the separating funnel, which leads to a lower efficiency when used for its intended purpose in laboratory conditions, in comparison with the declared technical solution;

- the absence of the stage of repeating the extraction of the permanent magnet with adhered particles and cleaning the surface of the non-magnetic cover from the adhered particles with a large number of magnetic particles, which leads to a smaller number of separated particles in comparison with the claimed technical solution;

- no selection of the water circulation rate and separation time depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the separated sample.

The purpose and technical result of the claimed technical solution is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype to increase the efficiency of separation of materials in a laboratory by repeatedly passing the test sample through the region of a high-gradient magnetic field.

The claimed technical solution allows you to extract the maximum amount of magnetic substance from the sample, while the use of the claimed technical solution does not require high costs and constant monitoring of the process.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is a method for separating magnetic particles using a separator, which consists in placing the required amount of separating elements in a glass cuvette, pouring distilled water into a conical separating funnel with a pre-mixed crushed rock sample with a fractional composition of up to 0.5 mm, turn on the peristatic pump to enable circulation of water with the sample through a cone-shaped separating funnel and a glass cuvette with separating elements, the circulation of water with the sample continues until the amount of magnetic particles adhered to the separating element stops increasing, then the perilstatic pump is turned off, and the glass cuvette is removed the separating element in a cover with particles adhered to the cover, the separating element is removed from the non-magnetic cover, the magnetic particles are washed off the cover, characterized in that the compressor is constantly underneath the cone-shaped separating funnel air is allowed to stir up the water with the sample, permanent magnets are used as a separating element, the number of permanent magnets is selected depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the sample with the possibility of changing the number of gradient zones of the magnetic field in the working area of the apparatus, with a large number of magnetic particles in the sample, the stage of extracting a constant the magnet with adhered particles and cleaning the surface of the non-magnetic cover from the adhered particles are repeated, the water circulation rate and the separation time are selected depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the sample to be separated. A separator according to claim 1, comprising a cone-shaped separating funnel, a glass cuvette, a peristatic pump installed on racks and spacers; in this case, the glass cuvette contains separating elements placed in a cover made of a thin - up to 0.1 mm, tight-fitting non-magnetic material; the separator is equipped with a system of pipes for circulating water with a sample through a conical separating funnel and a glass cuvette using a perilstatic pump, characterized in that it contains a compressor with the possibility of constant air supply for stirring up the water with the sample through a tube extending from the compressor and lowered into a conical separating funnel ; the separating elements are permanent magnets glued together with the poles of the same name, with the possibility of creating gradient zones of the magnetic field.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.

FIG. 1 shows a magnetic separator (general view), where:

1 - rack,

2 - spacers,

3 - support ring,

4 - cone-shaped separating funnel,

5 - outlet tube with a tap on a conical separating funnel,

6 - glass cuvette,

7 - separating elements - permanent magnets,

8 - clamp holder,

9 - clamp,

10 - perilistatic pump,

11, 12 - silicone tubes for fluid circulation,

13 - compressor,

14 - silicone tube for air supply

FIG. 2 shows a glass cuvette 6, where:

6 - glass cuvette;

15 - glass outlet for connecting a silicone tube 11.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the claimed separator for extracting magnetic particles is equipped as separating elements with permanent magnets (for example, rare earth) with a diameter of not more than 5 mm, as well as a perilstatic pump for circulating water with a sample in a closed loop. Repeated passage of the sample along a closed loop through the gradient fields provides the maximum amount of extraction of magnetic particles from the sample under study.

Further, the applicant describes the device of the claimed separator.

The claimed separator is mounted on racks 1 and spacers 2 and consists of the following main parts : a conical separating funnel 4 mounted on a support ring 3, a glass cuvette 6, a perilstatic pump 10, a compressor 13, and permanent magnets 7.

The glass cuvette 6, which is supported by the clamp 9 with the holder 8, is installed after the separating funnel 4 and has a diameter of the widest part of 16 mm and a height of 121 mm. Separating elements in the form of magnets 7 are installed inside the cuvette, glued with the same poles, to create gradient zones of the magnetic field. Magnets 7 are placed in a cover made of a thin (up to 0.1 mm), tight-fitting non-magnetic material, which makes it possible to exclude the ingress of small magnetic particles of the sample under study on the surface of magnet 7.

The silicone tube 11 is attached at one end to the branch tube with a tap 5, and at the other end to the glass outlet 15 of the glass cuvette 6.

The silicone tube 12 is attached at one end to the glass cuvette 6, then the tube 12 passes through the perilistatic pump 10 to create circulation of the liquid flow. The other end of the silicone tube 12 is lowered into the throat of the conical separating funnel 4.

The silicone tube 14 extends from the compressor 13 and is lowered into a cone-shaped separating funnel 4 to the outlet tube 5. The silicone tube 14 is continuously supplied with air to stir up the water with the sample near the outlet tube 5, which prevents clogging of the outlet tube 5.

Next, the applicant describes the claimed separation method.

The required number of separating elements, which are permanent magnets 7, glued together with the same poles, are placed in a glass cuvette 6. The number of permanent magnets is determined depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the rock. With an increase in the number of magnets, an increase in the number of high-gradient zones of the magnetic field in the working area of the separator occurs.

Distilled water is poured into a cone-shaped separating funnel 4 with a pre-mixed crushed rock sample with a fractional composition of up to 0.5 mm.

A perilistatic pump 10 is turned on to circulate water with a sample through silicone tubes through a cone-shaped separating funnel 4 and a glass cuvette 6 with permanent magnets 7.

The compressor 13 is switched on and air is constantly supplied through the silicone tube 14 to stir up the water with the sample in the conical separating funnel 4, which prevents clogging of the outlet tube 5.

The circulation of water with the sample is continued until the amount of the substance adhered to the magnet 7 stops increasing.

After that, the peristaltic pump 10 is turned off, a permanent magnet 7 in a case with particles adhered to the case is removed from the glass cuvette 6. The magnet 7 is removed from the non-magnetic case and the magnetic particles are washed off from the case. With a large amount of magnetic particles in the sample, the step of removing the permanent magnet 7 with adhered particles and cleaning the surface of the non-magnetic cover from adhering particles is repeated several times, which increases the percentage of magnetic particles recovery.

The water circulation rate and the separation time are selected depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the separated sample.

Due to the fact that rocks have a wide range of magnetic susceptibility, the separation mode for each type of rock is selected individually, as a result of which, according to the applicant, it is impractical to include specific indicators of the water circulation rate and separation time in the claims.

Thus, from the above, we can conclude that the applicant has achieved the set goals and the claimed technical result , namely: the efficiency of separation of materials in laboratory conditions is increased due to the repeated passage of the sample under study through the region of a high-gradient magnetic field.

The claimed technical solution allows you to extract the maximum amount of magnetic substance from the sample, while the use of the claimed technical solution does not require high costs and constant monitoring of the process.

The claimed technical solution meets the "novelty" criterion, since from the investigated prior art, no technical solutions have been identified with the claimed set of features presented in the independent claims.

The claimed technical solution meets the "inventive step" criterion, since is not obvious to a specialist due to the fact that from the studied prior art no technical solutions have been identified that can be implemented using the claimed set of features given in the independent claims of the claimed technical solution.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", since tested in laboratory conditions and received confirmation of the stated goals, namely, the results obtained confirm the high efficiency of using the claimed separator and the claimed method in the study of rock samples.

Claims (2)

1. A method of separating magnetic particles using a separator, which consists in placing the required amount of separating elements in a glass cuvette, distilled water with a pre-mixed crushed rock sample with a fractional composition of up to 0.5 mm is poured into a cone-shaped separating funnel, turn on the perilstatic pump for circulation of water with a sample through a cone-shaped separating funnel and a glass cuvette with separating elements, the circulation of water with a sample is continued until the amount of magnetic particles adhered to the separating element ceases to increase, then the peril static pump is turned off, the separating element in a case is removed from the glass cuvette with particles adhered to the cover, the separating element is removed from the non-magnetic cover, the magnetic particles are washed off the cover, characterized in that air is constantly supplied to the cone-shaped separating funnel by a compressor to allow the water to be stirred up with the sample. Permanent magnets are used as a separating element, the number of permanent magnets is selected depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the sample with the possibility of changing the number of gradient zones of the magnetic field in the working area of the apparatus, with a large number of magnetic particles in the sample, the stage of removing the permanent magnet with adhering particles and cleaning the surface of the non-magnetic cover from the adhered particles are repeated, the water circulation rate and the separation time are selected depending on the magnetic susceptibility of the separated sample. 2. A separator for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising mounted on racks and spacers in series connected cone-shaped separating funnel, glass cuvette, perilstatic pump; in this case, the glass cuvette contains separating elements placed in a cover made of a thin - up to 0.1 mm, tight-fitting non-magnetic material; the separator is equipped with a system of pipes for circulating water with a sample through a conical separating funnel and a glass cuvette using a perilstatic pump, characterized in that it contains a compressor with the possibility of constant air supply for stirring up the water with the sample through a tube extending from the compressor and lowered into a conical separating funnel ; the separating elements are permanent magnets glued together with the poles of the same name, with the possibility of creating gradient zones of the magnetic field.

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