SU1721248A1 - Method of preparing peatlands for working season - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the extraction of peat during an unstable winter freezing of a deposit. In preparation for the season, the extraction of milled peat is carried out by stumping and repairing the drainage network. On the surface, parallel to the dehumidifiers, furrows are created at a distance of 2–5 m from each other, 0.2–0.3 m in depth, with slopes up to 1: 4. When the 0–2 cm layer reaches the value of the soil moisture potential of 5–6 J / kg maps plan, 1 z. p. f-ly, 3 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the field of peat production, in particular, to the extraction of milled peat in areas with unstable seasonal freezing of deposits.

The aim of the invention is to accelerate the start of operation of the peat deposit.

PRI me R. At the end of the peat extraction season, a complex of works on the maintenance of the production areas is carried out to prepare them for the next season. To this end, the uplifting of wood inclusions in the upper developed layers (up to 0.4 m) or the field processing by deep milling, clearing the drainage network from clogging with milling chips and its deepening, repair and cleaning of tubular bridges for crossings through the card channels, surface profiling kart. After completion of works on the repair of areas, before the beginning of freezing of the deposit parallel to the map channels, furrows are laid with a depth of 0.2–0.3 m with laying slopes up to 1: 4 and a distance of 2–5 m between them.

The depth range of the furrows - not less than 0.2 m and not more than 0.3 m - ensures their stability until the beginning of the freezing of the deposit. With a furrow depth of less than 0.2 m, the effect of treating the surface of the deposit is almost absent, as the shallow grooves are unstable, are destroyed and swim during autumnal precipitation. Increasing the depth of the furrows would lead to an increase in the volume of work on the excavation of peat from the deposit approximately in proportion to the square of the depth of the groove and to an increase in the volume of work during the subsequent planning of the surface of the maps. In addition, with an increase in the depth of the furrow, the effect of organized dumping of levels of permafrost water increases at first spasmodically, and then slowly. With a furrow depth of more than 0.3 m, the lay-out does not ensure complete elimination of the consequences of violation of the profiled surface of the card, and with a depth of 0.4 m, the cycle collection factors of milled peat decrease due to the substantial

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deformation of the surface of the planned map.

The data of experimental verification of the dependence of the indicators of the time of thawing of the deposit and the volume of earthworks on the depth of the furrows (not less than 0.2 m and not more than 0.3 m) are given in Table. one.

The choice of the distance between the furrows of 2–5 m is primarily determined by the dependence on the quality characteristics of the reservoir under development and the climatic conditions. With a decrease in the degree of decomposition of peat in the upper (0.5 m) layer, in order to obtain an equivalent effect, the distance between the furrows needs to be reduced.

In tab. Figure 2 shows experimental data that establish a reduction in the time of thawing of a deposit for peat with varying degrees of decomposition depending on the distance between the furrows (at least 2 m and at most 5 m).

In practice, the distance between the furrows can be selected using the data on the certification of the peat deposit, according to the guidelines table. 3

According to the selected parameters of the cut furrows (depth and distance between them), the working elements of the cultivator are established. The peat mass excavated during the furrow laying is located in the form of two rollers adjacent to the furrow, which contributes to snow retention and snow accumulation, which are an important factor for areas where the probability of strong winds is high in winter.

The presence of grooves leads to uneven deposits of freezing over the area. Under the furrows the speed of freezing is less than under a flat surface. This contributes to the uneven thickness of the snow cover. Due to this, the specific surface area of the lower boundary of the freezing in relation to the horizontal surface of the developed area at the beginning of the thawing of the deposit is 120%, as a result of which the thawing, like the freezing, occurs unequally. The thawing of the deposit under the furrows ends earlier than under the flat areas between them. As a result, thaw patches are formed on the developed area in places where furrows are laid. Through thaw openings, an effective discharge of the level of permafrost water occurs, which leads to a rapid increase in the degree of drainage of the upper layer of the deposit to 5–6 J / kg, which ensures sufficient permeability of the process equipment.

After the snow cover disappears by measuring the moisture potential in the upper (0–2 cm) layer of the deposit being developed, the possibility of the passage of the swamps is controlled.

tractor on the production area without damaging the profile card. Upon reaching a moisture potential of 5–6 J / kg, the surface of the maps is planned. During the production tests, the depth of the frozen layer was measured and its profile was determined under the furrows and under the flat surface of the deposit on the first February, and the first of March, the values of which were respectively 0.5 and 0.6 m on the first date and 0.6 and 0.7 m to the second. This reduced the start time of the season by 6 days, which corresponds to an increase in the number of cycles of peat production per season by 1.5 cycles or an increase in the seasonal collection by 6%.

Using the proposed method is most effective in areas with unstable freezing of deposits and provides in comparison with the known following

5 benefits.

The elimination of the influence of precipitation falling before the beginning of the freezing of the deposit makes it possible to reduce the gap between the periods of occurrence of favorable beginnings.

0 peat production of meteorological and hydrological conditions and ensures the sustainability of the effect of accelerating the beginning of the season.

Intensification of dumping the level of shallow water due to uneven thawing of the deposit provides an increase in the degree of drainage of the upper layer of the deposit and, consequently, the acceleration of the introduction of milling peat fields into operation.

Claims (2)

1. A method of preparing for the season the fields for the extraction of milled peat, including the uprooting of stumps, the repair of the drainage network, the layout of maps and surface treatment, characterized in that. In order to accelerate the start of operation of the peat deposit, the surface treatment of the maps is carried out by laying furrows 0.2-0.3 m deep with laying slopes up to 1: 4, orienting them parallel to the dehumidifiers and located at a distance of 2-5 m each from the other, and the surface layout of the maps is carried out after the terrain of the peat deposit has been restored. five 2. The method according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that the moment of restoration of the peat reservoir permeability is fixed upon reaching a moisture potential of 5-6 J / kg in the surface layer of peat up to 2 cm in depth Table 1 table 2 Table 3