SU1711731A1 - Method for growing tomato seedling on hydroponics at low temperature in the roots area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for growing tomato seedlings, and can be used in vegetable production. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality and productivity of seedlings while reducing costs. When feeding to the root system of the nutrient medium, the following macronutrient ratios for indeterminant grades nitrogen are introduced into it: sulfur: phos-, 60: 0.22: 0.18; potassium: calcium: mog-, 13: 0.52: 0.36, and the concentration of the nutrient medium is in the range expressed in meq / l: nitrogen 5.00–15.00; sulfur 1.83-5.49; phosphorus, 50-4.40; potassium 0.90-2.70; Calcium 3.54-10.62; magnesium 2.50-7.50; water the rest. For determinantal varieties, the following ratios are used: nitrogen: sulfur: phosphorus 0.47: 0.2 8 - Q2 5, potassium: calcium: magnesium 0.15: 0.46: 0.39, respectively, while maintaining the concentrations of macronutrients in nutrient medium in the range, expressed in mEq / l: nitrogen 5,0-15,00; sulfur 2.99-8.94; phosphorus 2.66-7.98; potassium 1.33-3.99; calcium 4.08–12.24; magnesium 3.46-10.37; water the rest, provided that the ratio of macronutrients is observed at any chosen concentration. Growing on the proposed optimized composition allows to obtain high quality seedlings and, accordingly, increase the yield by 39-27%. In this case, the plants go to the budding 2-3 days earlier. 5 tab. w Ё

Description

XI CJ

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method of growing tomato seedlings, and can be used in vegetable production.

There are known works on the effect of temperature in the root zone, which are incomplete and contradictory. However, the number of flowers on the first flower cluster, which determines the early harvest, depends on the temperature in the root zone.

The work on the effect of low temperatures on the morphology of roots is known. This effect is expressed in the shortening of the distance between the tips (tips) of the roots and the sampling zone (suberization). As a result, the nutrient surface of the roots is sharply reduced.

By regulating mineral nutrition, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the adverse effect of low temperatures on the growth of tomato plants. In addition, growing seedlings at low temperatures leads to significant savings in energy spent on heating the substrate.

The closest to the technical essence of the present invention is a method of growing seedlings at the optimum temperature using a nutrient medium, the concentration of macronutrients of which is 38 mg eq / l and is in the range of boundary concentrations of mg eq / l:

Nitrogen 5-15

Sulfur 1-4

Phosphorus2-4

Kaliy2-8

Calcium6-10

Magnesium1-4

WaterEverything

within which universal nutrient solutions and solutions for various cultivated plants are used.

A disadvantage of the method of growing plants using a known nutrient medium is that when plants are grown at a lower temperature, the growth of the aerial part of tomatoes decreases, the leaves are crushed and darkened, the roots are shortened and thickened. These signs speak of phosphorus deficiency. The formation of an early harvest in such plants is delayed, and the overall yield is reduced, which is economically disadvantageous.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality and productivity of tomato seedlings at a low temperature in the root zone and reduce costs during the growing process.

The goal is achieved by developing a method of growing tomato seedlings at a low temperature in the root zone. The problem was solved by feeding to the root system a nutrient medium into which the following ratios of macro elements are introduced:

for determinant varieties Peremoga- 165

N03: SQ42: H2P043 0.47: 0.28: 0.25,

K +: Ca2 +: MD2 + 0.15: 0.46: 0.39

with content within, mcq / l:

Nitrogen h5,00-15,00

Sulfur 2.99-8.94

Phosphorus 2.66-7.98

Potassium 1,33-3,99

Calcium4.08-12.24

Magnesium 3,46-10,37

WaterEverything

for indeterminant varieties Moscow autumn

N05: S04 -: H2P04 0.60: 0.22: 0.18

K: Ca2 +: MD2 + 0.13: 0.51: 0.36

with content in the range, mEq / l: Nitrogen 5.00-15.00

Sulfur1,83-5,49

Phosphorus 1.50-4.50

Potassium0.90-2.70

Calcium3.54-10.62

Magnesium 2.50-7.50

WaterEverything

At the same time, macroelement ratios are observed at any selected concentration.

A comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the proposed method is characterized by a change in the nutritional conditions by introducing into the nutrient medium such ratios at which seedlings can be grown.

tomatoes at + 15 ° C in the root zone.

Analysis of the known compositions used in the cultivation of tomato seedlings showed that the substances introduced into the proposed solution are known. However their

application in a known concentration does not provide a positive effect that is manifested in the proposed solution, namely, increasing the stability of tomato seedlings to a lower temperature in the root zone (+ 15 ° C). with preservation of its high quality, productivity and reduction of energy consumption.

The advantage of the invention is the following. With approximately the same total concentration of macronutrients in a known nutrient medium and in the medium used in the proposed method of growing tomato seedlings, a change in the ratio between ions reduces

the negative effect of a lower temperature in the root zone, which is reduced by up to 20% in comparison with the optimal variant. This makes it possible to obtain high-quality seedlings, more stunted,

with a well-developed aerial part and a more powerful root system. The absorption and transport of ions is improved, which contributes to the preservation of the normal balance of nutrients in plants. AT

as a result, the yield obtained from such seedlings is not inferior to the yield obtained from seedlings grown at the optimum temperature. The proposed ratios can be successfully applied in soil

conditions

The experiments were repeated many times under controlled conditions on the phytotron of the Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The air temperature was 25 ° С during the day and 18 ° С

at night. The temperature in the root zone is 15 ° С. Duration days 16h. The intensity of illumination is 3 50 W / m2, carried out by xenon lamps. Air humidity 60%. The control plants were grown under the same conditions, with the only difference that the temperature in the root zone was 25 ° C.

Example. Data are presented for two varieties: Moscow autumn-thermal determinant and Peremoga-165 - determinant for open ground. Decontaminated, germinated seeds were grown to the stage of the fork in pearlite with a full nutrient solution under greenhouse conditions. The same seedlings were planted in plastic vessels 1.2 l / l vessel, into tap water for 48 hours. After this, the plants were divided into 6 variants in 8 replications and placed in nutrient solutions, the composition and concentration of which are given in Table 1. .

Microelements from A - Z according to Hogland, molybdenum and iron chelate (5 mg / l) were added to the solutions. Experiments were performed on distilled water, the solutions were changed every other day. The test was completed at the budding stage. As seen from the data of Table 2, with the preservation of nitrate, sulfate, phosphate and potassium, the accumulation of dry matter is reduced by almost half (46-56%). With the prevalence of calcium and magnesium and, accordingly, a decrease in the relative share of potassium, there is a favorable effect on the productivity of two varieties of tomato at a low temperature. As a result, in the spring growing of seedlings, plants grown at 15-25 ° C had one development, size and quality (Table 2).

Under similar conditions, additional strain testing was carried out, which showed that the varietal differences in the demand for ratios of macroelements, which appear in conditions of optimal temperature in the root zone, at low temperature in the root zone, at low temperature, are leveled. Under conditions of low temperature, the need for determinant and indeterminant tomatoes to, the ratio of macronutrients is of the same nature and can be expressed as follows :. N S P, Ca Md K. The differences in nutritional requirements of these varieties are in the discrepancy between the absolute quantities of nutrients. Namely, the determinant varieties, as compared with the nantes, are somewhat less nitrogen and calcium and more magnesium.

Taking into account that the work on sorting tests yielded similar results, it can be assumed that a positive effect for other varieties can be achieved by applying the optimum ratios of the Moscow autumn variety for the indeterminant varieties and Peremoga-165 for the determinant varieties.

PRI mme R 2. Using the proposed method of growing tomato seedlings, experience was set up with the same varieties at three different concentrations (data are given in Table 3), which shows the quantitative ratios of the components of the nutrient medium within acceptable limits of 15.27 - 45.81 mg eq / l for the Moscow autumn variety and from 19.52-58.52 mg eq / l for the Peremoga-165 variety.

The following results were obtained for these varieties: dry weight g / 1 plant

Moscow autumn

15.27 micron-equiv / l 2.86 g g,

30, 61 g

45,, 33 g

Peremoga-165

19.52 mg-eq / l4.10g

39., 13g

58, 87

The seedlings had a well developed aerial part and root system.

Table 4 presents the data of absolute amounts of salts in one of the media for growing tomato varieties Moscow autumn, calculated on the basis of optimal ratios of macroelements.

An example of the preparation of the nutrient medium in the proposed method. With a minimum total concentration of the medium equal to 15.27 mg-eq / l, 5.00 mg eq / l of the PO3 should be contained in the nutrient medium. For this, it is necessary to add 3.54 to one liter of distilled water. mg eq MOz as a saltCa (MOz) 2 x 4H20, which corresponds to 0.418 g of salt, and also 1.46 mg eq / l MOz as a salt of MD (MOh) 2 x 6H20, which corresponds to 0.1872 g of this salt. Further, this medium should contain 1.83 mg eq / l S04. For this, it is necessary to add 1.04 mg eq of S04 in the form of a salt of MgSOx7H20, which is 0.1282 g of salt and 0.79 mg-eq of S042 as a salt of Na2SO4, which corresponds to 0.0554 g of salt / l. Phosphorus should be introduced in the amount of 1.50 mg-eq. PO4 / l as a single salt KH2P04, which corresponds to 0.0680 g of salt. Potassium - in the amount of 0.90 mg eq / l, with 0.50 mg eq - in the form of the salt KH2P04, which corresponds to 0.0680 g salt / l, and the remaining

0.40 mEq of potassium is in the form of a KCl salt, which is 0.0298 g of salt / l. Calcium in the amount of 3.54 mg eq / l is to be added with one salt of Ca (MOZ) 2 x 4H20, which corresponds to 0.4180 g of salt. Magnesium in the nutrient medium should contain 2.50 mg eq / l, with 1.04 mg eq necessary to be in the form of the salt MgSO4 x 7 HzO, which corresponds to 0.1282 g of salt, and the remaining 1.46 mg-eq of magnesium is in the form of salt MD (ME ) 2 x 6H20 in the amount of 0.1872 g / l.

With data on the component composition of media with different concentrations calculated on the basis of optimal ratios (Table 3), an example of calculating absolute amounts of salts in the medium for one of the concentrations (Table 4), as well as a description of the preparation of this medium, it is possible to prepare an environment of any concentration for the cultivation of indeterminate and determinant tomatoes.

Experimental verification of the quality of seedlings grown on the proposed spraying, with the application of optimal ratios in comparison with ratios that go beyond the limits of optimal ratios, shows that the use of optimized nutrition makes the seedlings more stunted, prevents their stretching, which is one of the important quality criteria of seedlings. The optimized plants passed to budding 2-3 days earlier than the control ones, formed the number of leaves necessary for high quality seedlings (9 pieces / 1 plant), as well as a well-developed root. Under conditions of balanced nutrition, the absorption and transport of ions is improved, which contributes to maintaining the normal balance of nutrients in plants. As a result, the yield obtained from such seedlings is not inferior to the yield obtained from seedlings grown at the optimum temperature (Table 5),

Predominance — Nutrient Solution Concentration, mg.eq / L

five

0

five

0

five

0

0

Some of the plants grown at concentration II (Table 3) are brought to harvest on the third flower brush. The experiment was performed in enameled vessels with a capacity of 8 liters in eight replications in the conditions of a growing house. The results of the experiment are given in table.5.

The results presented show that tomato plants obtained from seedlings grown at a lower temperature in the root zone using the proposed method can be used to obtain normal yields.

FORUMAWLAH AND ISLANDS

A method of growing seedlings of tomato hydroponically at a low temperature in the root zone, comprising feeding to the root system a nutrient medium containing an aqueous solution of the salts of macronutrients nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, in order to improve the quality and productivity of seedlings while reducing costs, the following macroelement ratios for indeterminant grades nitrogen: sulfur: phosphorus 0.60: 0.22: 0.18 and potassium: calcium: magnesium 0.13: 0.52: 0.36, respectively, are used in the nutrient medium; nitrogen is introduced into the solution of 5.0-15.0 mg eq B, sulfur 1.83-5.49 mg eq, phosphorus 1, 5-4.4 mg-eq, potassium 0.90-2.70 mg-eq, calcium 3.54-10.62 mg eq, magnesium 2 , 50-7.50 mg-eq per 1 l of medium, and for determinantal varieties, the ratio nitrogen: sulfur: phosphorus 0.47: 0.28: 0.25 and potassium: calcium: magnesium 0.15: 0, 46: 0.39, respectively, while maintaining the concentration of macronutrients in a nutrient medium within: nitrogen 5.0–15.0 mg eq., Sulfur 2.99–8.94 mg eq., Phosphorus 2.66–7.98 mg –eq, potassium 1 , 33-3.99 mg-eq, calcium 4.08–12.24 mg eq, magnesium 3.46–10.37 mg-eq per 1 l of medium.

Table

table 2

The effect of low temperature (15 C) in the root zone on the productivity of tomato seedlings grown according to the scheme of systematic options (Homes, 1955), calculated in g / 1 air-dry matter plant

Table 3

Jj table

Claims (1)

Claim A method of growing tomato seedlings in hydroponics at a low temperature in the root zone, comprising feeding a nutrient medium containing an aqueous solution of macrocell salts of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium to the root system, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality and productivity of seedlings while reducing costs, the nutrient medium uses ratios of macronutrients for indeterminate varieties of nitrogen: sulfur: phosphorus 0.60: 0.22: 0.18 and potassium: calcium: magnesium 0.13: 0.52: 0.36, respectively, while nitrogen is introduced into the solution of 5.0-15.0 mg · equiv, Era 1.83-5.49 mg eq, phosphorus 1, 5-4.4 mg eq, potassium 0.90-2.70 mg eq, calcium 3.54-10.62 mg eq, magnesium 2 , 50-7.50 mg * equiv per 1 liter of medium, and for determinant varieties, the ratio nitrogen: sulfur: phosphorus 0.47: 0.28: 0.25 and potassium: calcium: magnesium 0.15: 0.46: 0.39, respectively, while maintaining the concentration of macronutrients in the nutrient medium in the range of: nitrogen 5.0-15.0 mg * equiv, sulfur 2.99-8.94 mg equiv, phosphorus 2.66-7.98 mg * equiv potassium 1.33-3.99 mg · equiv; calcium 4.08-12.24 mg * equiv; magnesium 3.46-10.37 mg * equiv per 1 liter of medium. Table! Predominant ion Nutrient concentration solution, mg.eq / l N0 ^ so ² ' • n / a ! K ⁺ 1 Ca ²⁺ ; M _g 2. + Overall con, centering 1 12 4 4 6 8 4 38 2 4 12 4 -AND- -II- -eleven_ -AND- 3 4 4 ¹ 12 -P- -AND- -AND- -II- 4 10 5 5 10 4 4 -II- 5 -AND- -AND- -II- 4 10 4 -AND- 6 -AND- -11 ^ -II- 4 4 10 -II- CM GO The effect of low temperature (15 C) in the Root Zone on the productivity of tomato seedlings I about ha O. with X 3 X X ha IX X and oh ha about. in w σ> l w in And sh about f- I X I ha ί x ί O. I ha; w | x x x o o x X Iga Σ ha 0) Σ X about X 3 t I O) 5 ha a z ha I I I I 1 1 s · with about 1 | cm cm cm © J 1 • h ·> • h 1 1 about about about about "H 1 1 . 1 1 +1 10 +) • m oh oh oh ¹ i | cho UA Joint venture -3 ί 1 W CM -3 with 1 bc 1 •to * * * 1 I | -3 Joint venture cm cm 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 CM about 1 1 cm cm cm 1 * 1 "1 • h • h • h 1 1 about about about about about 1 1 1 +1 about +1 σ \ g **. 4-1 00 Ή 1 + 1 with with g ** g- " 1 ¢ 1 1 m  -3- CPU 1 CO 1 • b * • h * 1 and 1 1 Ί -3 * m cm cm 1 ' g— 00 Joint venture "- 1 I CM cm g— | | * h <to No. • h • ⁴ i 1 about about . about about about 0 { 1 +1 about 4-1 ng w +1 about th 1 1 about Joint venture -3 cm 1 , | Joint venture with 00 m I 4- 1 ·> * h • h "H I sz 1 1 CPU cm cm »·“ 1 ........ 1 1 1 Ln about about 1 1 cm | 1 "H • L • h • h 1 1 1 about about about. about about 1 1 1 + • M about R and X) -and 00 + 1 1 s 1 CM LA oo Joint venture 1 RM | LA m cm 1 1 *. * • h "H 1 " ! 1 1 -3 cm cm ** ha 1 1 ί " tn cm G ** \ABOUT m 1 1 cm V— 0 n 1 1 'L about • h "H ·. and 1 1 from about about hl ABOUT ω = Γ 1 1 1 1 +1 +) SM CPU + J Cj o +1 ha eleven 1 CPU oo I "™ al m 1 <N N. 1 G ⁴ * -3 " cm CM • about 1 - L • b about 1 cl 1 cm cm t— U 1 ..... 1 0 1 1 X | 1 > uh 1 1 W about CPU about 1 1 "- cm t— 1 | "H "H • h L from | 1 ABOUT about about about about I 3 1 1 1 n 00 +1 : about -3 n about +4 >> 1 1 with 1- tn cm m d 1 1 <eat 1 r> UA 00 with 1 o 1 X • h * H · " about 1st 1 CPU cm <M 1 with 1 1 1L Sh sp G '” CM W>> »ha a __ о а> о с Σ ω in MF TG \ 1L cm Eh x S ha ha q u o ω 1L cho _ X a o IX X I SP ha ha, and σ \ о f * a> x ha ha with x eh X X o ha o X o o X eh X X X < Oh oh 00 <L Eh ha Σ 1711731 52 Table 3 Option The concentration of the nutrient solution, mg. e / <in / l N0} I so * - | n ₂ ro _f | to ⁺ 03 ^24- j Mg ² * Grade Moscow autumn I15.27 mEq / L 5.00 1.83 1.5 ° 0.90 .3.54 2,50 11 30.54 mEq / L 10.00 3.66 3.00 1.80 7.08 5.00 ΠΙ 45.81 mEq / L 15.00 5.49 4,50 2.70 10.62 7.50 Grade Peremoga-165 - I 19.52 mgEq / L 5.00 2.99 2.66 1.33 4.08. 3.46 II 39.00 mEq / L 10.00 5.96 5.32 2.66 8.16 6.91 III 58.52 mEq / L 15.00 8.94 7.98 3.99 12.24 S; 37 Table Ι » The total concentration of mg. equiv / l Ions in the interaction of mg. equiv / l no; Mg ² * Other ions The amount of salt, mm / l The amount of salt, g / l 'UCH TO, Ca ² * Salts Used ΚΗ ^ ΡΟφ . Ν 1,50 0.50 0.50 0.0680 KC1 0 , 40 0.40 0.40 0,0298 Ca (NO ₃ ) _r 4H ₂ O 3-, 54 3.54 1.77 0.4180 15.27 MgS0 ₄ · 7H _g O 1, 04 1,04 0.52 0.1282 Mg (NO ₃ ) _i 6H ₂ O 1.46 1.46 0.73 0.1872 Na ^ SO ^. 0.79 0.79 0.39 0,0554 Total ion concentration, mEq / L 5.00 1.83 1,50 0.90 3.54 2,50 -J -------- .. ____________________________________ Table '5 The method of growing seedlings Grade Average yield <three brushes J% to control, | 15 ° C % to control, 25 ° С Standard (con Moscow axis 852 ± 32 100 troll 15 ° C) NIY Peremoga-1b5 859 + 28 100 (control 25 ° C) Moscow axis 1059 ± 102 100 NIY Peremoga-165 1128 + 56 100 ' Optimized Moscow Autumn 1183 ± 41 139 112 (experience 15 °) NIY Peremoga-165 1087 ± 51 127 96 _% Compiled by R. Sabirova