BG61828B1 - Nutrient for growing oriental tobacco - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to nutrient solution containingactivated nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium andmagnesium. The percent ratio of the nitrogen, sulphur andphosphorus anions is 66:15:19, and of the potassium, calcium andmagnesium cations it is 34:31:35.1 claim

Description

The invention relates to a nutrient solution for growing Oriental tobacco.

Oriental tobacco, distributed in the Balkan Peninsula - Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia and Turkey - is sought after and valued in international markets for its valuable smoking qualities. They are used as an enrichment ingredient in the cigarette harman.

Of the environmental factors, mineral nutrition and irrigation have the greatest impact on quality and productivity [1). A characteristic feature of Oriental tobacco is that the optimum concentration of nutrients subject to fertilization to obtain the highest yield does not coincide with the concentration providing the best quality [2, 3].

Studies on the mineral nutrition of Oriental tobacco have been limited to the establishment of fertilizer standards in the fertilizer-soil-plant system, which are not in accordance with the physiological requirements of tobacco for the ratio of all trace elements in the nutrient medium.

A known nutrient solution for large-leaf tobacco of the Nicotiana type with a ratio of trace elements nitrogen: sulfur: phosphorus = 50:23:27 and potassium: calcium: magnesium = 35:28:27 [4].

The disadvantage of this nutrient solution is that, when applied to small-leaf Oriental tobacco, the plants do not grow well and produce small and poor yields.

It is an object of the invention to provide a nutrient solution for oriental tobacco to ensure good plant development and to obtain high and high quality leaf yield.

This task is solved by establishing the ratio of oriental tobacco growing macronutrients expressed in% as follows:

a) anions - nitrogen: sulfur: phosphorus = 66:15: 19;

b) cations - potassium: calcium: magnesium = 34:31:35.

The anion: cation ratio is 1.2. The concentration of the amount of self-storage and the addition of accessible nutrients to the soil, depending on the conditions of water supply, expressed in kg / ha, must be within the following limits:

not irrigated

a) anions: nitrogen - 6,500 - 10,000 kg / ha sulfur - 1,687 - 2,595 phosphorus-1,375 - 2,115

b) cations: potassium - 7,771 - 11,958 calcium - 3,632 - 5,588 magnesium-2,460 - 3,786 irrigation

10,000 - 11,500 kg / ha

2,595 - 2,986 “2,115 - 2,434

11,958 - 13,753 "-"

5,588 - 6,428

3,786 - 4,354

The advantages of the invention are as follows. As a result of the favorable ratio between the macronutrients, the desired combination of yield and quality of the production is achieved. In addition, soil and fertilizer nutrients are more fully utilized and there are no surpluses left after the crop is harvested, which preserves soil fertility and contributes to environmental protection.

The invention is explained in more detail with the examples below and the tables therein.

Example 1. Decontaminated germinated seeds of tobacco term "Krumovgrad 58" (of the type "Bashi-bali") are grown up to the ready seedling stage in perlite, periodically watered with 0.2 complete nutrient solution of HoaglandArnon - II. The seedlings of the finished seedlings were selected, planted 2 in Wagner type vegetation vessels and grown as water culture on an inert quartz gravel substrate. The plants are divided into 6 variants in 13 repetitions, shown in Scheme 1.

To the test solutions were added trace elements of A-Z according to Hoagland, chelate jelly50 3 mg / l and molybdenum 0.01 mg / l. All variants have the same total concentration of 38 meq / l. The food solutions are mixed twice a week and distilled water and chemically pure substances are used to prepare them.

Tobacco leaves are harvested at 7 harvests in technical maturity. The selected leaves are strung and the sun dried under a polythene canopy.

Scheme 1. Systematic variants, composition of nutrient solutions (in meq / 1)

Option dominated by: Anionic balance Cationic balance NO ₃ - SO / - n ₂ PO / K * Ca ² * Mg ² * N0 / 12 4 4 6 8 4 SO / 4 12 4 6 8 4 H ₂ PO / 4 4 12 6 8 4 K * 10 5 5 10 4 4 Ca ² * 10 5 5 4 10 4 Mg ² * 10 5 5 4 4 10

Based on the dry matter obtained, the percentage of each ion in the nutrient solution was calculated.

Table 1

Optimal ratio of macronutrients expressed in% on an equivalent basis

NO /: SO / -: H ₂ PO; = 66:15:19

K *: Ca ² *: Mg ^{2 <} = 34:31:35

Dry tobacco is sorted into 3 BDS. The content of the main components characterizing the performance of tobacco was determined: Schoarl soluble carbohydrates, Mohr protein, nicotine by the picrate method and pure weight, and the Schmuck number was calculated.

Table 2 presents data on the quality of tobacco leaves depending on the predominance of ion in the nutrient solution. As can be seen from the data, the predominance of an ion has a significant influence on the ratio of soluble sugars associated with the higher quality of the tobacco raw material. Most sugars have the variant with Ca ²⁴ prevalence followed by phosphorus and magnesium, similar content is observed in SO / · and K * and the lowest sugar content has the variant in which NOj- prevails, almost twice as much a little of the Ca ² * variant. Similarly, the quality of the raw material is impaired by protein substances. The predominance of N0 / has the most adverse effect on quality, and the least protein content has H ₂ PO / variant. The ash is within the normal range and does not differ significantly.

Quality of tobacco.

Table 2

Option dominated by% Dissolve my sugars,% Protein substances, / o None- tin. 0 Ash,% Shmuk number, % % of BDS classes Average price, lv / kg I II III NO ₃ - 5.33 9,20 0.36 13,59 0.57 20,0 77.0 3.0 5.59 SO ² 8.49 8.61 0.11 13,75 0.99 21.6 67,2 A.2 5.38

PO / 9.24 7.83 0.15 13.80 1.18 34.2 62,2 3.6 5.85 K * 7.11 8.54 0.20 14,35 0.84 25,0 73,3 1.7 5.75 Ca ² * 10,22 8.98 0.32 14.08 1.14 23,2 66,2 10.6 5.42 Mg ² * 9.11 8.71 0.39 13,79 1,05 23,8 68,9 7.3 5.53

Sugars were determined by Schoorl, ash - by weight, protein substances - by Mohr, classes were determined by BDS and nicotine - by the urinary method.

The lowest levels of nicotine, which determines the strength of tobacco, are characterized by the leaves grown under the predominance of SO / and H ₂ PO ₄ 'followed by K *, with significantly higher content being the variants with a predominance of Mg ¹ *.

The results for the ratio of classes, determined according to BDS, show that with the predominance of H ₂ PO / followed by K *, a relatively higher percentage of first class leaves is obtained, which results in a higher price per kg of leaves. The influence of the predominance of the remaining ions on the class is reflected in the following order: N0 /> Mg ¹ > Ca ¹ > SO ₄ ² '. From these data, it can be concluded that the quality of the raw material can be controlled within certain limits by the ratios of the macronutrients in the nutrient solution.

EXAMPLE 2 The obtained optimal ratio for the cultivation of Oriental tobacco origin of Krumovgrad was compared with that reported by Homes, 1972 for the leafy varieties of Nicotiana at different concentrations.

Our Ratios Homes Ratios

NO ₃ : SO /: H ₂ PO ₄ 66: 15: 19: 23: 27

K ⁺ : Ca ¹⁺ : Mg ² *: 31: 35: 28: 37

The plants are grown until phase 8 leaf. The concentration of the test solutions for the two compared ratios is 0.5 PCR (complete nutrient solution), 1 PCR and 1.5 PCR. Table 3 presents the data for biomass production in phase 8 sheet.

Table 3

Air dry accumulation of young tobacco plants grown at the same total concentration and 2 ratios between macronutrients.

Option Concentration (Dry matter) growth, g / growth. % Total concentrate. meq / 1 Our relationships 0.5 PCR 1,287 ± 0.031 97.35 13,89 Accordingly Homes 0.5 PCR 1,322 ± 0.063 100 13,89 Our relationships 1.0 PCR 2,542 ± 0,081 ” 112.98 27.78 Accordingly Homes 1.0 PCR 2,250 + 0.115 100 27.78 Our relationships 1.5 PCR 2,806 ± 0,141 ** 112.74 41.67 According to Homes 1.5 PCR 2,489 + 0.081 100 41.67

The data presented in Table 3 show that the proposed micronutrient ratios give statistically significant differences and an increase in dry matter accumulation of about 12% at both nutrition levels. Only at PCR 0.5, when growth is limited by deficiency, no significant difference and productivity gains are obtained.

Claims (4)

Claims Oriental tobacco growing solution containing active nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, characterized in that the anion content of nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus is 66:15:19 and the cations content potassium, calcium and magnesium in a ratio of 34:31:35. Literature 1. Vartanyan, A., Habilitation work, Plovdiv, 1978. 2. Yancheva, D., Crop Sciences (2), 1988. 3. Yancheva, D., Bulgarian Tobacco (4), 5 1990. 4. Homes, MV., Effect of Completely Equilibrated Fertilizer on Production of Plants Cultivated on Large Scale. Semain D'Etude sur L'emploa des fertilisans et leur effect sur l'accroi- 10 ssement des recoltes, notamment par rapport a la qualite et a 1 'economic, April 10-16, 1972. Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia, 38, (1973), 469-501.