SU1710084A1 - Device for training sp0rtsman muscles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to sport, in particular, to a device for assessing the athletic ability of athletes when they perform predetermined articular movements. The aim of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the athlete's training by controlling the development of the Motor abilities. The device comprises an elongated table 5, on opposite sides of which there are guides 3 with adjustable vertical supports 7 and a handle 8. ' . '•' '' '•' • ';.' ••• '' • ''. "" •• -. ''

Description

The length-adjustable arms 10 are connected by transverse rods 14 with a soft coating. The platform of the table is mounted for movement along the frame guides, and the frame with guides and the table can be rotated from horizontal to vertical position and fixed in it and in intermediate positions (for example, with adjustable lengths r g). The levers are provided with racks arranged perpendicular to them, and the transverse rods fixed to the levers and on the racks arranged perpendicular to them are provided with bushings.

rotatably mounted around the rods. Pressure transducers electrically connected to the control unit are mounted on the transverse rods of the arms. The levers are driven. Taking into account the anthropometric data of the athlete and the parameters of the articular movements corrected for him, they set the program of the device, place the athlete on it and after switching on the device provide rotation of the driving force with the kinematic parameters specified for the athlete both when it is insufficient and when it is too active. 2 Z.P. f-ly, 15 ill.

The invention relates to sport, in particular, to devices for training muscles and assessing the athletic abilities of athletes when they are performing - they have specified articular movements.

A device is known for determining the athletic ability of an athlete to reproduce a spatial characteristic — the angle of rotation of a link. Instrument for determining muscular-articular sensitivity. This method is reduced to measuring the deviations of the angle of rotation of the athlete's biological link from the angle set on the device, the value of which is given to him at first to feel. The criterion for assessing the muscular-articular sensitivity of an athlete is the deviation of the angle reproduced by him from the angle set on the device (the smaller this deviation, the greater the sensitivity).

However, this method of training, measuring and assessing the athletic abilities of an athlete has a significant drawback. It is aimed at training and measuring the motor abilities of an athlete, irrespective of the type of activity in which he specializes. Determining the ability to reproduce arbitrarily chosen target values of spatial, temporal, force characteristics of movements and Other motor abilities, this method does not allow to directly measure and quantify the athlete's readiness to perform a specific activity, specific joint movements in the process of their implementation. Therefore, information about motor abilities obtained with the help of this device to measure and evaluate them, allows only indirectly, at a qualitative level, to judge the readiness (or unavailability) of an athlete to perform a particular motor action with a given result. This is due to the fact that the procedure for measuring and assessing motor abilities is in no way regulated or determined by the specifics of a specific activity, its target parameters. The essence

This method, we emphasize once again, reduces to revealing the capabilities of an athlete, regardless of where these opportunities will be used by him.

Known devices for training and

assessing the motor capabilities of the muscles of the arms and shoulders according to the athlete’s fitness to perform a specific gymnastic exercise - resting the arms to the sides (cross) on the rings.

Training on these devices is as follows. The athlete, one on a spring scale or strain gauge platform with an inclined working surface, captures the hands of gymnastics

rings in the lower position at the level of the shoulder joints, and takes the position of the stop, one hundred hands to the sides of the cross. Then he presses his hands on the rings downwards with maximum force. If at the same time

spring scales or strain gauges will fix the absence of pressure on them of an athlete, hold this position for some time, it can be concluded that he is able to develop efforts for

fixing the rest of the arm to the sides of the cross — and hold this pose for a while. Thus, this method of training and assessing the athletic abilities of an athlete makes it possible to judge the degree of readiness of the gymnast to perform a specific exercise at the beginning of an exercise.

However, this method has drawbacks and limitations.

Firstly, the method is suitable for measuring and evaluating the athlete’s training only for a static pose, i.e. action, in which there are no movements (movements) of biosights. Secondly, this method allows to measure only the degree of reduction of the force with which the athlete acts with the tables on the scales or the tensoplatform due to the pressure on the rings with his hands (this force decreases from an amount equal to the athlete's weight to zero), but does not allow information about the magnitude of the effort, exceeding the body weight of the athlete. Thirdly, this method, allowing to obtain a generalized description of the athlete's readiness to perform the cross in the form of the athlete’s pressure force on the scales or the strain platform with the maximum effort of the hands on the rings, does not allow to obtain quantitative information about the muscle forces directly in the shoulder joints, t. e, the efforts that the athlete itself controls. However, it is the information about the muscular forces in particular joints that is extremely important, since all movements and rotations of their body are controlled by the body or other movements in the joints, due to changes or retention (fixations) of the articular angles.

Thus, this method of training and assessing the athletic abilities of an athlete does not allow obtaining quantitative information about his readiness to perform specific articular movements, namely, the articulated values of the articular moment of muscular forces realizing the necessary movements of the athlete's bristments. However, it is the articular moments of muscle forces that directly reflect the control of a motor act on the part of the central nervous system of a person.

This method of training, measuring and assessing the athletic abilities of athletes is the closest to the proposed one, since it allows one to obtain information on the degree of readiness of athletes to perform a specific static exercise. The method is implemented using the device of M. G. Leikin.

Known training device for strength sports exercises. The device is designed for muscle strengthening exercises and is

bench on which the bracket is rotated. It is characterized by the fact that at the end of each rod of the shackle there is a stand having a fastening on the outside for the guns. An additional bracket is installed between the two racks.

The drawback of the device is the immoderate quantification of the athlete’s readiness to perform

0 specific activity, specific joint movements, the values of the joint moment of muscle forces specified in time.

It is also known a device for training the muscles of athletes - a universal simulator.

The simulator contains a base, pipe supports, a platform for an athlete, hands for grip, arms on both sides of the platform with counterweights and transverse rods to form a window for placing limbs.

The disadvantage of the simulator is the inability to monitor the development of the athlete's motor abilities, since it lacks pressure sensors, software, computational and informational-visual blocks, and the levers are not driven.

The aim of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of training by ensuring the control of the development of motor abilities.

5 The goal is achieved by the fact that pressure sensors are installed on the housings of the levers electrically connected with the electronic control unit, including the program, computational, and information visual units, while the levers are actuated.

The proposed design of the device provides, in the passive state of the athlete, compulsory

5, the parameters of the rotation of the biological link, and if the athlete correctly reproduces the programmed values of the articular moment of the muscle forces (and, as a result, the correct rotation of the biological lighting), the parts of the device interacting with the athlete's biometrics parallel to the movement of the biological link. The latter affect the athlete biosvino all the time. when his

5 Acts diverge with programmed.

Thus, the device provides the implementation of the following method of training, and assessment of motor abilities

0

athletes that include such operations:

1) measurement of the mass inertia characteristics of the athlete's biochemical link;

2) adjustment of the specified parameters of articular movements, based on the mass-inertial characteristics of the biometrics of a specific athlete;

3) setting the work program of the training device;

4) placement of the athlete on the device and its inclusion;

5) providing with the help of a device a forced, with predetermined parameters of rotation of a linkage (or two biosigns that perform similar movements, for example, bending of both legs in the hip joints);

6) measurement of the force of the forced interaction between the athlete's bioswitch and parts of the device;

7) determination of the moment of force of the forced interaction of the linkage with parts of the device relative to the axis of rotation of the biological link and the articular moment of the muscle forces realized by the athlete, as well as the impulses of these moments;

8) the actual assessment of the athletic abilities of athletes using indicators unified for all abilities.

Consider the selected operations,

1. Measurement of the mass inertia characteristics of the athlete's biocontin (mass, moment of inertia, distance from the axis of rotation of the biological link to the center of mass) can be carried out using direct measurements and indirectly. In the first case, a radioisotope installation can be used, and in the second, anthropometric measurements of weight, height, lengths of athlete links and determination of mass-inertial characteristics according to statistics.

It must be emphasized that if to assess the athletic abilities of an athlete it is necessary to use additional strengths (barbell, dumbbells, etc.) for a bridge, their mass inertia characteristics should be taken into account when determining the mass inertia parameters of the biowalm.

2. After determining from the data of a bmechanical analysis or modeling the values of the specified parameters of articular movements, these values need to be adjusted for each specific athlete, based on the mass inertia characteristics of his biotvins (the masses of the biopath, the distance from the center of mass to the axis | of the moment of inertia) rotation axis).

3. The program of operation of the device is determined based on the parameters of articular movements and its anthropometric data adjusted for a particular athlete, which predetermine the design features of various parts of the device.

4. Depending on the given articular movements, the athlete is placed on the device and its biolinks are fixed.

5. When an athlete is placed on the device, his biowment (or two biosignes) is rotated with the parameters specified for this athlete. Depending on the parameters set by the device, it is possible to evaluate the most

a variety of motor abilities of an athlete (power, speed, etc.), using unified indicators.

6. The understanding of the force of the forced interaction between the athlete’s biochemical link and

parts of the device are reduced to measurement, for example, using strain gauge apparatus, the deformations of the parts of the device resulting from the interaction with the athlete’s biometric profile.

7, Determination of the moment of force of the forced interaction of the biowal with parts of the device relative to the axis of rotation of the biowatch and the articular moment of the muscle forces realized by the athlete, as well as the impulses of these moments.

To illustrate this operation, refer to, figure 1, which shows the athlete at the time of measurement and evaluation of the capabilities of his muscles responsible for

rotation of the legs relative to the hip joints (for movement of the legs relative to the axis, perpendicular to the plane of movement of the legs and passing through the hip joints).

From the equation of movement of a physical tantrum in the well-known literature, as well as from figure 1, it can be seen that the moment of muscular forces realized by the athlete in the movement of the legs in the hip joints

during its operation in the device, it is determined by the following formula:

C Up ip -f P-L-cos (p + Fe t where M is the moment of muscle strength in the hip joints for a specific instant; Jo is the moment of inertia of the legs relative to the axis passing through the hip joints and the perpendicular plane of movement of the legs;

R is the strength of the feet;

L is the distance from the axis of the hip joints to the center of mass of the legs; Angle turning legs; y-angle acceleration of the legs;

Fa, Rb - forces of the forced interaction of the biowatch with the device parts a and b;

K-variable shoulder forces forced interaction.

Since the force Fa arises when the athlete exceeds the specified values of the scientific and research institute of the articular moment of muscular forces in the direction coinciding with the direction of rotation of the biosight, it has a positive sign. The force of Fe, which arises in the opposite case, has the negative sign.

The shoulder length data for each discrete value of the articular angle (bioswitch position) with respect to the R settable amplitude of rotation of the biopile 20 is entered into the memory of the device before the start of the measurement and evaluation procedure.

Since the device reproduces the necessary kinematic parameters of the movement at any instant of time, regardless of the athlete's actions, determining the moment of the force of the forced interaction reduces to multiplying the registered value of the force Fa (or RB) by the appropriate 30 f arm for the instant and biosv position. .

It is precisely because for each instant of time that the kinematic parameters of leg rotation defined by the device are known, the moment values of the muscular forces for the case of an athlete performing the necessary articular movement 1o + P L-cos tp are determined in advance (before the measurement procedure and ) and entered into the memory of the QOTRO. 40 Therefore, the determination of the moment of muscular forces realized by the athlete in the device at every instant reduces to summing up, taking into account the sign, to a known value of 1о + PL-cos corresponding to the 45 given moment of the moments of forces of the forced interaction Fa-I or Fe b (depending on of what parts of the device the athlete interacts with at this instant) .50

If the athlete performs the movement of the legs so that the forces of their interaction with parts of the device Fa and Fa are equal to zero at a particular instant, then the moment of muscular forces realized by the athlete coincides with the programmed t and now equals + P.- bcos tp,

In addition to determining the moment of force of the forced interaction of the biochemical

an athlete with parts of the device (Fa and F6 B) and an articular moment of muscular forces realized by the athlete himself (lo9 + PL-cos - -Fa + Fe 5, this operation provides for determining by the device of impulses of these moments during an athlete one articular movement and during the implementation of all joint movements provided by the motor ability assessment program.

8. The actual assessment of the motor abilities of athletes using indicators that are uniform for all abilities.

Evaluation of athletes' motor abilities is carried out by absolute and relative indicators, and both of them are represented by discrete and integral characteristics.

Absolute indicators are used to evaluate any motor qualities of an athlete (strength, speed, endurance, active flexibility, etc.): discrete - the moment values of the force of the bioswitch interaction with the device parts at each instant (Fa-K integral - the moment moment of this force) during the performance of a single articular movement by an athlete and during the implementation of all articular movements provided for by the motor ability assessment program.

In addition, relative indicators are used: discrete — the degree of approximation of the articular moment of muscular forces realized by an athlete to the characteristics of this moment, which must be realized by each athlete in order to carry out the rotation of his biozvana without interacting with parts of the device at every instant

1оУ + Р L -cosyj-bFag + Fe

  L and Integral - the degree of approaching the impulse of the articular moment of the muscular forces realized by the athlete to the impulse of the necessary articular moment of the muscular forces during the execution of one articular movement by the athlete and during the implementation of all the articular movements provided by the ability assessment program.

The described absolute and relative, discrete and integral indicators are unified, since they can be used in measuring and assessing not only the athlete's readiness to perform the specified parameters of articular movements, but also any other motor abilities.

For example, to measure an athlete’s strength, the athlete’s biowener is loaded with heavy weight (barbell, dumbbells, sandbags, shotguns, etc.), which provides, in the case of an articular movement, the muscle force moment, which is a record for the athlete. Then, using the proposed device for implementing the method, the desired articular movement is achieved (i.e., the rotation of the athlete's biostain with a specific wounding). Moreover, the power capabilities of an athlete are judged by the absolute (discrete and integral) indicators of those power additives, with which he performs the necessary movement of the bioment, loaded with thickening, and also by relative (discrete and integral) indicators - the degree of muscular efforts of the athlete to the programmable device parameters of the articular moment of muscle forces and the momentum of these forces.

Similarly, when measuring and assessing the speed, endurance, active flexibility, the ability to reproduce any parameter of movement and other motor abilities of an athlete, do the same. In these cases, the device is used to program and provide either the execution of record parameters of articular movements (for example, the minimum time of a single joint movement or a series of them, the maximum time required to make the necessary movement from a boosted or non-salient biocoin, the maximum amplitude of movement in the joint, etc. .), or the performance of specified, but not recordable motion characteristics (temporal, spatial, rhythmic, etc.). Moreover, in all the cases listed above, the athlete's interactions with the device are measured and evaluated, the minimization of which indicates the degree of approximation of the articular movements realized by the athlete to articular movements with given (record or non-record) parameters.

Thus, universal indicators (evaluation criteria) of any motor abilities of an athlete are the absolute and relative (discrete and integral) indicators described above, which are obtained when the parameters of articular movements set by the device are performed. The criterion of realization by the athlete of the specified parameters of articular movements is the absence in the process of the entire articular movement (or a series of them) of the interaction of the biosvince with parts

devices (equality of Rayy) correspondence of the muscular forces reproduced by the athlete to the articular moment of the joint, which leads to the programmed parameters of the bioswitch rotation ((p, f, p, in this case, the device parts move with and without biosBen).

If the athlete exceeds these values of the articular moment of muscular forces or, on the contrary, is unable to reproduce them, he will certainly enter into forced contact (interaction) either with one or with other parts of the device,

0 since it provides the reproduction of the necessary kinematic characteristics of the rotation of the biological link, regardless of the athlete's actions. These contacts (interactions) will lead to the emergence of the force of the forced interaction of the biowatch either with one or with other parts of the device. Moreover, the magnitude of the force of the forced interaction of the biowal with them will be the greater, the more the values of the articular moment of the muscular forces realized by the athlete differ from those that provide the specified rotation of the biological link without interacting with parts of the device.

5 All necessary indicators for assessing motor abilities after them. Calculations in the device are presented in the form of instrument readings and graphs. These indicators are analyzed by the trainer and

0 by an athlete who has the opportunity to obtain a quantitative assessment of the athlete's motor activity, which he discovered while working in the device.

1 shows an athlete at the time of measuring and assessing the capabilities of his muscles responsible for the rotation of the legs relative to the hip joints: FIG. 2 shows a device indicating directions of movements of components and parts, axon meters; figure 3 is also a side view; - figure 4 - view a on fig.Z; figure 5 - section bb in figure 4; figure 6 is a device, top view; Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the device; Fig. 8 shows parameters of the articular movement; Fig. 9 shows the values of the articular moment of the muscular forces: on the FI, 10 the calculated values of the shoulder c in Fig. 11 are the values of the forces Fa and Fa; in fig. 12 - moments of forced interaction forces; in fig. 13 - combining moments of articular forces; Fig. 14 shows the motor actions performed with the horizontal position of the table platform; in fig. 15 - the same, performed with the vertical position of the table platform,

A device for measuring and assessing the motor abilities of athletes when performing specified parameters, articular movements (Fig. 3B) is a skeleton 1, on which, using brackets 2 (Fig. 4), frame 3 is movably fixed with guides along which the platform moves the elongated table 5, the frame 3c with the guides 4 and the table 5 has the POSSIBILITY of rotation from the horizontal to the vertical position and fixation in it and in the intermediate positions. On the platform of the elongated table 5, vertical posts 7 (first pair) with horizontal bar 8 are mounted for movement in guides. The second pair / vertical posts 9 are mounted on the platform of the extended table 5 with the possibility of shifting depending on the anthropometric features of the athlete. On frame 1, levers 10, adjustable in length, are mounted with pillars 11 perpendicular to them. Both levers 10 and pillars 11 are connected (Fig. 5) with transverse rods 1 equipped with bushings 13 covered with soft material 14 and installed on the rods 12 rotatably around the rods 12 by means of bearings 15. On the axis 16 of the length-adjustable levers 10, a mechanism 17 is provided to ensure the rotation of the length-adjustable levers 10 (for example, a stepping motor). The mechanism 17 is connected electrically with the control unit 18 (FIG. 3), which includes the program block 19 (FIG. 7), the computing unit 20, and the information and visual block 21. The program block (performed, for example, on typical elements of digital microelectronics ) contains a generator 22 rectangular pulses (made, for example, on digital integral elements of the 155 series of the standard scheme. The output of the generator 22 rectangular pulses connected to the input of a binary counter 23, the outputs of which are connected to the address inputs of the first 24, second 25 and t Retigo 26 constant storage devices (ROM) (performed, for example, on a microcircuit) 556 PT4). The information outputs of the first ROM 24 are connected via transistor switches 27 (can be performed on any powerful transistors) to the windings 28 of the control mechanism 17 for rotating the length-adjustable levers 10. The information outputs of the second ROM 25 and the third ROM 26 are connected to the inputs of the first 29 and second 30 digital-to-analog converters (DAC) (for example, type 572 PA1), respectively.

The inputs of the computational unit 20 (made, for example, on typical elements of analog microelectronics, in particular on the 140-series microcircuits) are connected to the measuring part of the device 31 and the outputs of the program unit 19 (the outputs of the DAC 30 and DAC 29). Computing unit 20 contains an analog multiplier 32 (implemented, for example, on MA chips 140), the inputs of which are connected to the output of the DAC 30 of the program block 19 and the output of the measuring part of the device 31. The outputs of the multiplier 32 are connected to the inputs of the subtractor 33 and the module 34 for determining the module ( both of the latter units are made on the operational amplifiers 140 UD 6 according to standard schemes). To the second input of the subtracting unit 33, the output of the DAC 29 of the software unit 19 is connected. To the output of the module determining unit 34, an integrator 35 is connected (assembled, for example, on an operational amplifier 140UD8B according to a typical circuit). On housings that are adjustable by the length of the arms 10, strain gauges 36 (for example, strain gauges) connected to a strain gauge 37 are fixed and electrically connected to the multiplier 32 of the output unit 20 via a strain amplifier 38. The information and visual unit 21 consists of an oscilloscope 39 (for example light beam oscilloscope H 115) and a DC voltmeter 40., The oscilloscope 39 is connected to the outputs of the DAC 29 software unit 19 and the subtraction unit 33 of the computing unit 20, and the voltmeter 40 with the integrator 35 of the computing unit 20. The frame 3 is free from brackets 2 (FIG. 2) with an end face are connected by adjustable lengths 41 (FIG. 3) with frame 1. Grooves 42 arranged perpendicular to the arms 10 racks 11 are provided for adjusting the device to the anthropometric data of the athlete. The length-adjustable levers 10 are provided with levers - counterweights 43 with movably fixed balancing weights 44, the platform of the elongated table 5 is equipped with locks 45, for the purpose of its movement along the guides 4 of the frame 3 and fixation.

Example. Before using the device for training muscles and assessing the athletic ability of an athlete to perform specified parameters of articular movements, we present kinematic parameters that are a component of an effective program for implementing complex gymnastic exercise Dfg.8, where is the angular acceleration of the legs; tp- angular velocity; - the angle of the legs to the horizontal).

In order to assess the athlete's readiness for performing articular movement — the rotation of straight legs from a prone position (legs are horizontal (Fig. 9) to the vertical position (Fig. 10) with the parameters shown in Fig. 8, we use the device.

To do this, consider the previously described operations.

1.With the help of a radiozotopic installation or by anthropometric changes and average statistical data, we find the mass-syntactic characteristics of the athlete's feet: m 29 kg; L 0.302 m; 1 to 2.97 kg-m. By knowing the acceleration of free fall (d 9.8 m / s), we determine the weight of the legs P - 284.5 and. (The data of an athlete who participated in a specific measurement and evaluation is given.)

2. Knowing the mass inertial characteristics of the legs of a particular athlete, we will carry out the adjustment of the values of the articular moment of muscular forces under the data of this athlete.

FIG. 11 shows the values of the articular moment of muscular strength for an athlete, whose legs, for example, have the following characteristics: P 284.5 N; m 29 kg; L 0.302 m; 1 to 2.97 kg, m Thus, if an athlete with the above leg characteristics reproduces the values of the articular moment shown in Fig. 11, he will rotate the legs with the kinematic characteristics depicted in Fig. 8.

3. The task of the algorithm of operation of the device for implementing the method.

This operation is the most complex, it involves solving a number of private tasks.

First of all, it is necessary to calibrate the measuring part of the device 31, i.e. establish a relationship between the magnitude of the external force applied to the rods 12 and the magnitude of the electrical signals taken from the strain measurement sensors 36 (FIG. 3) (for example, strain gauges connected to the strain gauge 37) (FIG. 7) and reinforced with a strain amplifier 38 (for example, UT-6 Topaz). The taring for a given length of the levers 10 is carried out once, and the subsequent use of the device checks this taring.

Then, the leverage of the force of the forced interaction is found for each position of the biowatch corresponding to the selected microinterval of time. For this, the distance from the axis of the hip joint to the point of contact between the biometrics (legs) and the transverse stem 12 is measured. The number of measurements is determined by the amplitude of the articular movement and the selected microinterval of time.

FIG. Figure 12 shows the calculated shoulder values for the device arm lengths shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 and the amplitude of the articular movement. After that, the control unit is prepared for operation. First, a micro time interval is selected, which will specify the square pulse generator 22 to provide time synchronization of all channels. The magnitude of this microinterval is determined by the characteristics of the joint movements modeled by the device. Then, in accordance with the selected microinterval, information is entered into the first 24 (Fig. 7), the second 25, and the third 26 ROM. Information is entered into the first ROM 24 to control the rotational control mechanism 17 for levers 10, the second ROM 25 contains information about the change of the force arm, and the third ROM 26 contains information about the changes in the articular moment of the muscle forces that must be implemented by the athlete to perform rotation of your biowork without interacting with parts of the device (transverse rods 12). The values of the articular moment entered into the ROM 26 are shown in Fig. 11, and the values of the shoulder E entered into the ROM 25 in Fig. 12. Information on the control of the rotational control mechanism 17 for the length-adjustable levers 10 is constructed, based on the kinematic characteristics of the rotation of the biowal presented in Fig. 8, and which the device must reproduce. When determining the kinematic characteristics of rotation of levers adjustable along the length, corresponding to the kinematic characteristics of the biowatch rotation, it is necessary to take into account that the current value of the bioswitch angle to the horizontal is related to the current angle of inclination of the length adjustable levers 10 to the horizontal with known geometric relationships. Preparation for the operation of the control unit for adjusting the transfer ratio of the integrator 35 is completed to obtain information on the relative integral readiness indices of the athlete. To do this, the output of the DAC 29 is closed to the input of the module 34 for determining the module, pre-releasing it from communication with the multiplier 32. Then, by passing through block 34, the integrator 35 and the signal voltmeter 40, the signal is proportional to the specified articular moment presented in ROM 25, and selecting the gain ratio of the integrator 35, the maximum deviation is achieved, the arrows of the voltmeter 40 when this signal passes through it. Then the scale of the voltmeter 40 is supplemented by a percent scale, which is glued to the voltmeter 40 and in The deviation of the arrow of the voltmeter 40 (and the whole sector of the angular deviation of the arrow is divided into 100 equal parts) is taken as 100% when the pulse passes through it, which is proportional to the specified values of the articular moment of muscle forces. After completing the adjustment of the integrator 35 and the voltmeter 40, the device is assembled in accordance with the previously described scheme (the DAC 29 communicates with the oscilloscope 39, and the multiplier 32 with the module 34 determining the module).

To complete this operation, it is necessary to check the operation of the device without an athlete. To do this, the generator 22 rectangular pulses, the counter 23 and all other parts and blocks 19 of the program, the calculated 1/1 attenuating 20, the information and visual 21 blocks and the mechanism 17 for providing the rotation of the length-adjustable levers 10 are activated. using the mechanism 17 of a predetermined rotation of the length-adjustable levers 10, the absence of movement of the arrow of the voltmeter 40 and the image on the tape of the oscilloscope 39 of the graph of the specified values of the articular moment of muscle forces introduced into the ROM 25 and converted to analog form of the DAC 29 (Fig. 11).

4. Placement of the athlete on the device is carried out, based on the specified parameters of the articular movements, described g operations 1. Horizontally set the frame 3 € with the guides 4 and the platform of the elongated table 5. The platform of the elongated table 5 moves along the guides 4 and is fixed so that the possibility of the articular movement described in operation 1 at the position of the athlete's hip joints. Above the axis 16 of rotation of the adjustable levers 10 (Fig. 3), then, based on the athlete’s anthrometric data, set the length of the levers 10, the distance between the transverse rods 12 connecting the adjustable

levers 10 and perpendicular to k, they are pillars 11, and fix them. The distance between the transverse rods 12 is controlled by the presence of 11 grooves 42 in the racks. Then, in accordance with the anthropometric data of the athlete, on the platform of the elongated table 5, the vertical racks 7 are installed and fixed by the horizontal bar 8 to implement it by the athlete. After that, it is established, as a continuation of the levers 10 that are adjustable in length, a lever - a counterweight 43 and a balancing weight 44 (FIG. 3).

Next, the athlete assumes the position depicted in Fig. 9 and, at the command of the trainer (or assistant), attempts to fulfill the specified parameters of the articular movement (to assume the position depicted

in fig. ten). An interval of 250–350 ms and a man’s response motor latent period is provided between the time for the athlete’s command to be given and the device’s activation time.

5. Using the program block 19, the mechanism 17 for rotating the length-adjustable levers 10, the levers 10 themselves, the lever is a counterweight 43,

a balancing weight 44 and transverse rods 12 connecting the length-adjustable levers 10 and the pillars perpendicular to them 11 achieve reproduction of the kinematic characteristics of rotation of the biological links (legs) (ф, ф, (р, shown in Fig.8).

In this case, in the program block 19, the generator 22 rectangular pulses provides time synchronization of work

All channels, a binary counter 23, the input of which is connected to a generator of 22 rectangular pulses, and one of the outputs is connected to the first ROM 24, controls the reading of information from

this rom. The information outputs of the first ROM 25 are connected via transistor switches 27 to the windings 28 of the control of the mechanism 17 for providing rotation of the length-adjustable levers 10 (stepper

engine). The transistor switches 27 serve to amplify the current signals taken from the information outputs of the first ROM 24. I regulate the operation of the control windings 28 using a program embedded in

ROM 24., controls the operation of the mechanism 17, which provides reproduction of kinematic characteristics, adjustable along the length of the levers 10, and. as a result of athlete's biofeels (legs)., 6. Using force sensors 36 for measuring information (for example, strain gauges) that are adjustable along the length of the levers 10, the force of the forced interaction (Fa

RB) between the legs of the athlete and the transverse rods 12. Sensors 36 (strain gauges) are connected to the strain gauge 37 and connected via a strain amplifier 38 (UT-6 Topaz) with Anoder 32 of the computing unit 20. As an example in FIG. Figure 13 shows the values of the 10 forces Fa and F6, which the sportsman applied in one of the attempts to the rods 12, respectively, a and b).

7. Determine the moment of the force of the forced interaction of the athlete's legs with the transverse rods 12 (Faf and each microinterval of the time specified by the generator 22 square impulses. Since the information from the measuring part of the device 31 means 20 forces Fa and Tb enters the multiplier 32 of the computational unit 20 in analog form, the data on the values of the arm t entered in the ROM 26 are converted into analog form using the DAC 30 of the software 25 of the unit 19. In the multiplier 32, the multiplication of electrical signals proportional to and shoulder. In each given micro 1 time interval, an electrical signal is multiplied proportional to the force Fg or FB per signal proportional to the shoulder. The output of multiplier 32 is connected to the inputs of the subtraction unit 33 and the module 34 for determining the module. The signal from the multiplier can be output to an oscilloscope.An Fig. 14 shows the graphs of the moments of the force of the forced interaction for the considered example.40

In order to calculate the articular moment of the muscular forces realized by the athlete in the device, a subtraction unit 33 is designed, which, in addition to the signal from multiplier 32, receives an electrical signal from 45 DACs 29, which converts information about the specified values of the articular moment of the muscular forces (Fig. 11) stored in program ROM 26 of block 19. In subtraction block 33, the specified 50 articular moment values coming from the DAC 29 and characteristic of a particular instant of time are summed up with the sign of the corresponding mg the moment of force 55 force interaction Razili moment FaE (Fb, fig.l4). The electrical signal generated at the output of the subtraction unit 33 is proportional to the articular moment of the muscle forces realized by the athlete in the device. This signal arrives at the oscilloscope 39 of the information and visual unit 21. In module definition block 34, the module of the moment of the forced interaction force applied by the athlete to the rods 12 is calculated, and connected to the output of the module 34 of the module definition, the integrator 35 determines the momentum of this moment .

8. According to the results of measurements and calculations, a quantitative assessment of the athlete's readiness to perform the specified parameters of the rotation of the legs is carried out. The information-visual unit 21 represents information using two instruments: a light-beam oscilloscope (for example, till 5) 39 and a DC voltmeter 40. The oscillograph 39 displays the combined graphical information from the DAC 29 of the software block 19 and the subtracting block 33. This information demonstrates the values of the specified articular moment of the muscular forces (from the DAC 29) (Figures 11 and 15, solid line) and the articular moment of the muscular forces realized by the athlete in the device (from the subtraction unit 33) (Fig. 15, dashed line). The voltmeter displays information about the magnitude of the impulse moment of the force of the forced interaction without taking into account the sign (the sum of the areas enclosed between the graphs Fa-B and Fa-K and the time axis (Fig. 14 - shaded areas). The deviation of the arrow of the voltmeter 40 is proportional to the impulse moment of the force the forced interaction of the athlete's biochemical link with transverse rods 12 (proportional to the shaded areas in Figs 14 and 15.) All information is analyzed by the trainer and the athlete after performing the exercise in the device.

With the help of absolute discrete indicators, it is possible to estimate at each instant the value of the additional moment (the moment of force of the forced interaction) by which the athlete realizes the specified parameters of the articular movement, for example, the maximum value of the additional moment (F6-) paBHa 64 nm. This moment is applied to the legs of the athlete 0.1 s after the start of work, when the athlete's legs passed an angular path of 4 ° (Fig. 15, glass A, as well as Fig. 8). In order to distinguish between the graphs on the time axis, the values of the old moment, set and realized by the athlete, presented on the oscilloscope 39, it is advisable to use a pre-made stencil of the graph of the specified values of the moment. This

the graph is made on transparent material and superimposed on the combined graph presented on the oscilloscope 39.

With the help of the absolute integral 5 indicators, one can estimate the total amount of additives to the active muscular action of an athlete. The size of these additives can be judged by the trainer and the athlete from the readings of a voltmeter 40, the magnitude of which is indicated by the pulse of the arrow shows the pulse of the module of the moment of force of the forced interaction for the entire duration of the athlete's work in the device. Also about the magnitude. the impulse of the momentum modulus of force of the forced interaction of the biowell of the athlete with the rods 12 can be judged by the size of the area enclosed between the graphs shown on the oscilloscope 39 and shown in FIG. This area at 20 of FIG. 15 is shaded.

Relative discrete readiness indicators of an athlete allow us to estimate the degree of approximation at each instant of the articular moment realized by the sport in the device by the 25th shift to the specified moment. For example, after 0.15 s after the start of work when the legs of an OIT athlete are rejected. horizontally at 13 ° (Fig. 8) the articular moment that the athlete 146i 30 nm carried out (Fig. 1.5, arrow B) is approximately 0.8 times the articular moment that he was to carry out 200 nm (Fig.15, the sum

shooter B + C) 200 them) - OTHER

In other words, analysis of the data presented on the oscilloscope 39 allows the coach and the athlete to conclude that at this point in time, when the athlete's legs deviated from the horizontal by 13 °, he worked around 80% (more precisely, 78%). ): on how it was necessary to work, in order to independently reproduce the kinematic characteristics of the rotation of the biometric, shown in Fig. 8. Such an assessment can be carried out by a trainer and a sportsman for any moment, time (0.05 ,, 45.10 | 0.20, etc.) using an oscilloscope 39.

Relative integral indicators allow to estimate the degree of approximation of the total values of the articular moment of muscular forces realized by an athlete to the values necessary for the realization of a given kinematics of rotation 55 of the biotvins. For such an assessment, the coach and the sport; shift using a voltmeter 40 with a scale of interest. If, during the operation of an athlete in the device of a voltmeter needle, deviated from zero to

a value equal in percent to 20%, then the total muscle activity of the athlete in this case was 80% of the specified value. Such is the activity of the athlete was recorded in our example. For clarity, the trainer and the athlete can refer to the indications (Fig. 15) presented on the oscilloscope 39 (Figs. 3 and 7). The ratio of the area between the graph depicted by the dotted line and the time axis and the graph depicted by the solid line and the time axis shows that the athlete is only 80% of the required muscle activity.

Similarly, a series of articular movements is measured and assessed. In this case, with the help of the device, not one, but a series of articular movements are programmed. The forces of forced interaction with transverse rods 12 are measured and all the described parameters (absolute and relative, discrete and integral) are calculated both for one joint movement and for a series provided for by the athletes' motor skills assessment program.

The device, besides the exercise shown in the example, can be used to perform the following motor actions:

1. The horizontal position of the platform (Fig.16);

a) from the supine position (legs are located below the horizontal), flexion in the hip joints to the position bent, and back. The arms are extended upwards by gripping the horizontal crossbar;

b) from a prone position on the abdomen (the legs are located below the horizon), raising the leg to the position of being bent and back. The arms are extended upwards, the grip of the cysts by the horizontal crossbar from above, below, in the reverse grip; . c) from a position lying on the stomach, arms bent at the elbow by a grip on the horizontal bar, the edge of the table at the level of the knee joints, flexion - extension at the knee joints:

d) from the prone position on the shoulder blades (legs and pelvis located below the horizontal) simultaneous raising of the pelvis and legs to the vertical position and back. Hands at the top of the grip on top of the horizontal re-clade;

e) sitting on the edge of the table (arms above or behind the head), feet hooked on a horizontal crossbar, bending - extension of the body; -...

e} from lying on the hips at the edge of the table, the body is tilted forward below the horizontal, arms above or behind the head, flexion - extension of the trunk, legs gripping the horizontal bar:

g) from a position lying on its side, the edge of the table is at the level of the pelvis, the torso is arranged} | eno below horizontal, arms above or behind the head, raising and lowering the torso;

h) from the supine and shoulder position are located on the edge of the table, arms up, legs hooked on the crossbar, flexion, extension of the arms in the shoulder joints;

i) from a prone position on the abdomen, arms at the top, hands turned outwards (the edge of the table is at the level of the elbow joints), bending the arms in the elbow joints;

j) from a prone position (the edge of the table is at chest level), arms are lowered down forward, arms raised upwards;

l) from the position of the seat on the edge of the table (the edge of the table at the level of the knee joint), flexion-extension at the knee joints.

2. The vertical position of the platform (Fig. 17):

a) from hanging on the arms, raising the legs to the hanging position bent;

b) from the support on the arms, raising the legs to a high angle position;

c) from hanging upside down, raising the body to the hanging position, bent over;

d, d, e) from a position of standing on the floor one leg between the rollers, lifting it forward (g), to the side (d), back (d), taking hand wrists with hand backs (e), sideways ( d), face (d) to the platform.

3. In the intermediate positions of the table platform, all the above exercises are performed, while raising the platform of the elongated table 5 from a horizontal position to a vertical one is carried out by means of brackets 2, frame 3c guides 4 and adjustable along the length of the grating 41.

4. Exercises for arms and legs are performed for both limbs and for one limb.

The pedagogical effect of the use of the proposed invention is to increase the level of development of the motor abilities of athletes in various sports. The present invention can also be used in the field of medicine, in particular for the rehabilitation of patients after injuries of limbs.

Claims (3)

1.A device for training the muscles of an athlete, containing a support platform for an athlete, handles and arms located on both sides of the platform with counterweights and transverse rods for forming a window and placing limbs, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency training by monitoring the development of motor abilities; strain levers are installed on the levers, electrically connected to an electronic control unit, including software, computing and information formation-visual blocks, while the levers are equipped with a drive. 2. The device according to Clause 1, which is based on the fact that the platform is mounted on a support with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination, and the handles are mounted on the platform with the possibility of shifting. 3. The device according to PP.1 and 2, that is, with additionally equipped with adjustable handles, poles placed on the platform in the middle part. 41 J710084 fPaz.l FIG. WadA 1Z 6 If 8 -1/7 flLZ. .S FIG. 6 - # 5 L qoy 0/0 0, SQ 0 9QJkSO / ifOJSO c) FIG. B ( §0 0 go and - "- IL, J-, J (103 Ojff ((25 -20 -W §0 80400 / HI .5 O.O .J0. 40, 05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 C35 0.0 0.5 0.50  tfC) FIG. 9 Sh Srig.Yu t about - t-t W 4 Figg (ZOD35 0ig.I tM  i (c) Fce.p NO -8 dt  ft / d t "TV 6 D / FIG. / U