RU2243016C1 - Apparatus for inertia-free setting of variable resistance or for facilitating in sportsman exercising process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for controlling sportsman's motive actions.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has variable resistance unit and motion parameter registering and informing unit. Variable resistance unit has base, bridging built into base, and two U-shaped poles rigidly connected with their upper parts to one another by means of two cross-members and secured to base. Each of two poles has bar holder discretely repositioned and fixed on pole by means of brackets. Two chains are secured with their one ends to bar top surface and with their other ends to bar bottom surface and thrown over two pairs of sprockets positioned for rotation on two spindles and shaft. First pair of sprockets is fixed on shaft mounted by means of bushings with bearings on upper cross-members of U-shaped poles and second pair of sprockets is fixed on two spindles mounted by means of bushings with bearings on base. One chain is running around fifth sprocket similar to four mentioned sprockets and positioned for displacement in vertical plane on U-shaped pole, in its mid portion, and for fixation thereon, and around sprocket, whose pin is fixed on support mounted on base. Lever put on fifth sprocket may be fixed by means of spring-loaded finger on sprocket, whose pin is secured on support, at different angles with the help of respective openings. Motion parameter registering and informing unit has motive action parameter measuring device including strain-measuring sensors of strain-measuring platform built into bridging, and linear motion and angular variations sensors switched through analog-to-digital converter to personal computer. Pin, on which sprocket is movably positioned on support and onto which lever is put is secured in cantilevered relation on support. Power means is made in the form of shock-absorber having one end connected in sliding-rotating relationship with free end of said lever and other end secured on base. Such construction allows influence of load weight upon motive actions to be eliminated.

EFFECT: simplified construction and increased efficiency.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of formation in athletes of motor skills and abilities using inertia-free power means.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is a control action machine (Prince Yu. T. Cherkessov “Control action machine and sport”, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Adygea, Maykop, p.60-75).

A disadvantage of the known device is the inertia of the load placed on the lever, the influence of the load, especially in the dynamics of movement, - at the beginning of the movement, the load interferes with the movement, and when the mass of the cargo accelerates, its action continues in the area of movement where its action should already end, t. e. interferes with motor action. The objective of the invention is the release of the cargo mass and its impact on the motor actions of the athlete, the use of inertia-free power element, such as a shock absorber. The technical result in the device of an inertialess task of variable resistance or relief in the training process of athletes, containing a variable resistance unit and a registration unit and information on movement parameters, the first of which consists of a base into which a platform is built and on which two U-shaped racks are installed and fixed rigidly interconnected by two crossbars in the upper part of the U-shaped racks, on each of these racks there is a holder for the rod, discretely rearranged and fixed th on the rack using brackets, as well as from two chains, one ends attached to the bar of the bar at the top, and the other ends at the bottom and thrown over two pairs of sprockets rotating on two axes and the shaft, the first pair of which is mounted on a shaft mounted with bushings with bearings on the upper crossbars of the aforementioned U-shaped struts, and the second pair of sprockets - on two axles mounted with bushings with bearings on the base, while one of the chains bends around the fifth sprocket similar to the four indicated and fixed movably about in a vertical plane on the U-shaped rack, in its middle part, with the possibility of locking, as well as an asterisk, the axis of which is fixed on a support mounted on the said base, and on which a lever is fixed movably fixed with a spring-loaded finger on the sprocket, the axis which is mounted on the support, at different angles, for which corresponding holes are provided on it, and the second block - the processing unit, recording information about the motion parameters, consists of a measuring unit for the parameters of the motor action, containing strain gauge sensors that are part of the strain gauge platform built into the aforementioned platform, and linear displacement and angular change sensors connected via an analog-to-digital converter to a personal computer, is achieved by the fact that the axis on which the sprocket is movably mounted on the support and the lever is movably mounted, cantilever mounted on the said support, and the power tool is made in the form of a shock absorber, one end of which is connected sliding-rotationally with the free end of the said lever, and the second end is rtizatora fixed on the ground. The device additionally has a knot for selecting sagging and adjusting the shock absorber.

The shock absorber is placed in a pipe mounted on the base, and one end of the shock absorber is attached to the lever through a movable block mounted on the same base.

The angular change sensor is a goniometer.

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - mnemonic diagram illustrating the implementation of the device inertialess task variable resistance or relief in the training process of athletes;

figure 2 is a generalized block diagram of a device;

figure 3 is a General view of the device;

figure 4 is a diagram of the mode-setting node.

The device (figure 2) contains two blocks. In the first block 7 for processing and recording information about the motion parameters, force sensors 8 and displacement sensors 9 are connected via an analog-to-digital converter 10 to the system unit 11 of the personal computer 12, which includes a display 13 connected to the system unit 11, a keyboard 14, and a printer device 15, and the personal computer 12 is controlled using a software package. The second block 17 of variable inertialess resistance contains an acting element 18, which can be any only to pass through it the effect on the muscles of the athlete 1, which is formed and corrected by the mode-setting unit 19, which is also associated with inertialess force means 20.

The device operates as follows.

A given motor action is first recognized and interpreted by the trainer and the athlete in order to understand how to perform it, which corresponds to block 2 in the mnemonic diagram of Fig. 1.

Further, on the basis of this information, an individual mode 3 of action on the muscles of an athlete 1 is determined, taking into account the peculiarities of the manifestation of biomechanical characteristics of this motor action.

Then the trainer or the athlete himself sets the required moments 4 of increasing or decreasing resistance or relief. Directly on the device itself, this is done using the mode-setting unit 19 (Fig. 2) of the variable inertia resistance and lightening unit 17. The mode-setting unit 19 brings the energy of the inertia-free power means 20 to the muscles of the athlete 1 through the acting element 18 when he performs a given motor action.

Before starting to perform a given motor action, the athlete 1 either stands on the force sensors 8 or fastens them on the body and attaches displacement sensors 9, for example, goniometers, a processing unit, recording information of motor parameters 7, and then performs the specified motor action. Its measured parameters are recorded in the memory of the system unit 11 of the personal computer 12. This is carried out as follows. The data obtained by force sensors 8 and displacement sensors 9 through an analog-to-digital converter 10 are supplied to the system unit 11 of a personal computer 12, processed under the control of application programs 16, and fed to a display 13 and a printing device 15 using the keyboard 14. The information displayed on the display 13 it is analyzed graphically and / or digitally, which corresponds to block 6 of the mnemonic diagram (Fig. 1) and, based on the results of the expert analysis data, an adjustment is introduced, if necessary. Directly on the device (figure 2) make the appropriate changes in the mode-setting node 19, iteratively approaching the parameters to a given motor action.

A device that allows you to generate a given effect is shown schematically in figure 3. It consists of two independent blocks: a block of variable inertialess resistance and a block for processing and recording information about motion parameters.

The variable inertialess resistance unit contains a base 21 into which a platform 22 is built and on which two U-shaped posts 23 are mounted and fixed, rigidly interconnected by two crossbars 24 in the upper part of the U-shaped posts 23, on each of the posts there is a holder 25 for rods 26, which can be discretely rearranged and fixed on the rack 23 using brackets (not shown in Fig. 3), as well as from two chains 27 and 28 with one ends attached to the light or normal bar of the rod 26 from above, and with the other ends from below and thrown over through two pairs of sprockets 31 and 32 rotating on the shaft 29 and axles 30, the first pair of 31 of which are mounted on the shaft 29 mounted with bushings with bearings (not shown in FIG. 3) on the upper crossbars of the said U-shaped struts 23, and the second a pair of sprockets 32 - on two axles 30, mounted with bushings with bearings on the base 21, while the chain 27 goes around the fifth sprocket 33, similar to sprockets 31 and 32 and fixed movably in a vertical plane on the U-shaped rack 23, in its middle part , with the possibility of locking, as well as an asterisk pain its diameter 34, the axis 35 of which is fixed on a support 36 mounted on the base 21, and on which the lever 37 is movably mounted, fixed with a spring pin 38 on the sprocket of large diameter 34 at different angles, for which corresponding holes 39 are provided on it, the lever 37 through inextensible thread 40 and the movable block 41 is attached to the shock absorber 42, made in the form of a spring. A large sprocket 34 and a lever 37 are mounted on an axis 35 cantilever, that is, on the one hand, on a support 36, and the power tool 42 is made of a shock absorber (metal spring, rubber), one end of which is connected slidingly rotationally with the free end of the lever 37, and the second end of the shock absorber 42 is fixed to the base 21.

The second block-block for processing, recording information on the motion parameters 7 (Fig. 2) objectively consists (Fig. 3) of a measuring unit for the parameters of the motor action, containing strain gauges included in the strain gauge platform 43, built into the platform 22, and angle sensors changes 44 (goniometers) of linear displacement 45 and enter the block 46 connected via an analog-to-digital converter 47 to a personal computer 48.

The device operates as follows.

Let us consider at the beginning the operation of the mode-setting unit 19 (FIG. 2), objectively implemented (FIG. 3), cantilevered on the axis 35 on the support 36 of the large diameter sprocket 34 and the lever 37, which is fixed to the large diameter sprocket 34 using a spring pin 38, and connected with the lever 37 of the shock absorber 42, which is an inertia-free power tool 20 (Fig. 2), by means of an inextensible thread 40 and a movable block 41 (Fig. 3).

Choose the exercise "jump up from the spot." Using tension sprocket 33, tension chain 27 to the optimum value. Then set the bar of the rod 26 to the position corresponding to the end of the depreciation phase in the upward jump. After that, the lever 37 is set to a position corresponding to the implementation of the desired mode.

The magnitude of the increase or decrease of resistance and relief can be determined using the dynamometry method (dynamometer platform). The athlete takes various positions with the bar 26 on the simulator, standing on the dynamometer platform 43, the readings of which at that time are recorded and reproduced by the personal computer 48 (Fig 3).

The creation of a particular mode of increasing or decreasing resistance or relief depends on the position of the lever at the beginning of the motor action, the direction and amplitude of its rotation.

Figure 3 shows that when the rod 26 moves upward, the lever 37 rotates clockwise (rear view). In this direction of rotation of the lever, we obtain modes of increasing and decreasing resistance and relief (Fig. 4A): increasing resistance — the lever 37 rotates (clockwise) from the axis U2 to the axis X1; decreasing resistance - the lever 37 rotates from the axis X1 to the axis Y1; increasing relief - the lever 37 rotates from the axis Y1 to the axis X2; diminishing relief - the lever 37 rotates from the X2 axis to the Y2 axis, constant resistance (rod resistance) - the lever 37 is not connected to the asterisk of large diameter 34, the increasing resistance with the transition to the decreasing - the lever 37 moves from the rotation zone between the axes U4 and X3 to the zone rotation between axes X3 and U3 (see FIG. 4B), decreasing resistance with a transition to increasing relief - the lever 37 moves from the rotation zone between axes X3 and Y3 to the rotation zone between axes U3 and X4; increasing relief with the transition to decreasing relief - the lever 37 from the rotation zone between the axes U3 and X4 passes into the rotation zone between the axes X4 and U4; diminishing relief with the transition to increasing resistance - the lever 37 from the rotation between the axes U4 and X4 goes into the rotation zone between the axes U4 and X3.

The gradient of change in resistance or relief is the shock absorber rod, which is equal to the perpendicular dropped from the axis of rotation of the lever in the direction of action of the rod.

The number of conjugation of resistance and relief modes depends on the amplitude of movement of the rod 26 and the size of the large diameter sprocket 34.

Back to the selected exercise - jump up from the spot. Consider the principle of the exercise on the block of variable inertia resistance 17 (figure 2). Suppose that it is necessary that the half-squat (depreciation) phase during a jump is performed in an increasing resistance mode, and the “repulsion” phase is in a decreasing resistance mode. To do this, you need to position the lever 37 (figure 3) in the upper vertical position relative to the axis of rotation or slightly to the left at the moment when the athlete 1 installed the bar 26 on his shoulders and stands in a straightened position. When performing a semi-squat from this position, the large diameter sprocket 34 (together with the lever 37) is rotated using the rod 26 and chain 27 counterclockwise.

When the lever 37 is rotated to the left (to a horizontal position), the shoulder of the shock absorber tractive force increases and, at the end of the semi-squat phase, athlete 1 experiences the greatest moment of resistance. During the reverse action, i.e. during the repulsion phase, the shoulder is greatly reduced (to the vertical position of the lever 37).

The upper vertical position of the lever 37 corresponds to the rectified position of the body of the athlete 1 at the end of the phase “repulsion”. At this moment, the resistance of the variable inertialess resistance unit (FIG. 2) is zero. Further movement of the body associated with the “flight” phase is accompanied by easier movement in an increasing mode (if the lever 37 (Fig. 3) does not go over the right side of the horizontal axis).

The greatest moment of resistance of the block of variable inertia resistance 17 (figure 2), created at the end of the phase "semi-squat" (depreciation), contributes to the manifestation of maximum muscle tension. The tense muscle contracts with greater speed in the “repulsion” phase under the conditions of overcoming the decreasing resistance. This mode of muscle work is most consistent with the natural ballistic nature of the manifestation of strength.

By the same principle, you can use this unit 17 of the device when performing weightlifting exercises.

The second unit is a processing unit, recording information about the motor parameters of the movement 7 (figure 2) operates as follows. Before performing the exercise, the free end of the thread coming from the displacement sensor 45 is attached to the bar of the rod 26 (Fig. 3) or to the belt 46 of the athlete 1. Then, the athlete, having fixed the goniometric sensor 44 on the knee joint, stands on the dynamometer platform 43 and performs the exercise with using a block of variable inertialess resistance 17 (figure 2) or without it.

Electrical analog signals from a dynamometer platform 43 (Fig. 3), a goniometric sensor 44, and a displacement sensor 45 are fed to the input of an analog-to-digital converter, where they are converted into digital codes that enter the memory of the system unit 11 (Fig. 2) of a personal computer 12 for subsequent processing using a set of programs 16.

The complex of automated information processing includes the following programs: input of registered parameters; signal preprocessing (smoothing); calibration of input parameters; output of a graphic image of input parameters; mathematical processing of the parameters of the exercises (jump up, from a place, shot put from a place, a jerk, lifting the bar to the chest and from the chest, etc.), service.

The mathematical processing program for the parameters of a sports exercise allows you to calculate the duration of the entire movement and individual phases and periods, the magnitude of the angular changes in the joints; the amount of movement and speed of the bar or body of the athlete; peak reaction forces according to peak values; the impulse of the reaction force of the support of the whole movement and its individual phases and periods; the driving impulse of the reaction force is the support of the whole movement and its individual phases and periods.

Thus, the claimed method and device allow you to set inertia-free controlled resistance to muscles and obtain information about the parameters of motor actions, thereby exerting a control effect on the athlete.

Obviously, for a weightlifter significant moments of force will be required, therefore, in the device for him, it will be necessary to perform inertialess power means from the nth number of shock absorbers in order to expand the power parameters of the device.

Practical experience in using the inventive device shows that sometimes there is a sagging of the shock absorber, which interferes with the training process, therefore, it is necessary to introduce into the device a knot for selecting the sag and adjust the shock absorber. This will eliminate the influence of these factors on the training process.

Finally, it is possible to combine the shock absorber sag selection assembly and its settings by placing the shock absorber in a pipe mounted on the base, and the free end of the shock absorber is connected to the lever through a movable block mounted on the same base, and the second end of the shock absorber is connected to the sag and select shock absorber adjustment assembly .

Compared with the prototype, the proposed method of inertialess setting of resistance or relief variables in the training process of athletes and the device that implements it has the quality that it is not necessary to take into account the inertial properties of the power tool, which is very important for the training process, especially in weightlifting. The ability to register, memorize and issue, upon request, registered motor actions in real time almost at the end of the movement and to provide the necessary recommendations for eliminating errors allows you to track and adjust the training process in statics and dynamics, contributing to the effectiveness of training and improving the skill of athletes.

Claims (4)

1. A device for inertialess assignment of variable resistance or facilitating the execution of a motor action in the training process of athletes, comprising a variable resistance unit and a registration unit and information on movement parameters, the first of which consists of a base into which a platform is built in and on which two P- shaped racks rigidly interconnected by two crossbars in the upper part of the U-shaped racks, on each of these racks there is a holder for the rod, discretely rearranged and fixed on a rack using brackets, as well as two chains, one ends attached to the bar of the bar on top, and the other ends on the bottom and thrown over two pairs of sprockets rotating on two axes and the shaft, the first pair of which is mounted on a shaft mounted with bushings with bearings on the upper crossbars of the aforementioned U-shaped struts, and the second pair of sprockets - on two axles mounted with bushings with bearings on the base, while one of the chains goes around the fifth sprocket, similar to the four indicated and fixed movable in a vertical plane on a U-shaped stand in its middle part with the possibility of locking, as well as an asterisk, the axis of which is fixed on a support mounted on the said base, and on which the lever is movably mounted, fixed with a spring-loaded finger on the sprocket, whose axis mounted on a support at different angles, for which corresponding holes are provided on it, and the second block - a processing unit for recording information about motion parameters, consists of a node for measuring parameters of motor action, with holding strain gauge sensors that are part of the strain gauge platform built into the aforementioned platform, and linear displacement and angular change sensors connected via an analog-to-digital converter to a personal computer, characterized in that the axis on which the sprocket is movably fixed to the support and the lever is movably mounted , mounted cantilever on the said support, and the power means is made in the form of a shock absorber, one end of which is connected sliding-rotationally with the free end of the said lever, and second end of the shock absorber is fixed to the base. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it introduced an additional node for selecting sagging and adjusting the shock absorber. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the shock absorber is placed in a pipe mounted on the said base, and one end of the shock absorber is attached to the lever through a movable block mounted on the same base. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor of angular changes is a goniometer.

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