RU2242261C2 - Apparatus for exercising of weight-handling event sportsmen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sportive equipment for special exercising of sportsmen engaged in weight-handling sport events.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has variable-resistance unit and movement parameters registering and indicating unit. Variable-resistance unit has base with built-in bridging and two U-shaped poles mounted on base. Bar holder is provided on each of said poles and adapted to be discretely repositioned and secured on pole by means of bracket. Bar holder is equipped with two chains attached with their one ends to bar rod top side and with their other ends to bar rod bottom side. Chains are thrown over two pairs of sprockets positioned for rotation on two pins and on shaft. First pair of sprockets is fixed on shaft mounted by means of bushings with bearings on upper cross-pieces of U-shaped poles and second pair of sprockets is mounted on two pins fixed by means of bushings with bearings on base. One of said chains runs around movable fifth sprocket similar to said four sprockets movably positioned in vertical plane on mid portion of U-shaped pole so as to be fixed, and around large-diameter sprocket, whose pin is secured on support mounted on base. Lever with weight is movably put onto support, said weight being secured to free end of lever, which may be fixed at different angles by means of spring-loaded finger on large-diameter sprocket. Support is provided with respective openings. Movement parameters registering and indicating unit is comprised of movement parameter measuring unit including strain-measuring sensors made integral with dynamometric platform built into bridging, and linear movement and angular variation sensors (goniometers). Movement parameter measuring unit is switched through analog-to-digital converter to personal computer. Bar rod of apparatus is made light-weight and has reduced diameter at its ends. Chain attachment includes respective receptacles for mounting thereof. Apparatus is further equipped with two devices allowing attachment of two weights on light-weight bar rod and rotation of said weights at an angle individually suitable for sportsman.

EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and increased efficiency in exercising of sportsmen owing to selection of optimal loading mode during doing motion exercise.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sports simulators and can be used for special training of athletes in kettlebell lifting.

It is known “Device for training athletes" [1], containing two split half-axles located at the ends of the sleeve cut along the axis, each half-axle is made integrally with the corresponding part of the sleeve. Both half-axles are pivotally interconnected. To fix them on the bar of the crossbar, a jumper is used, on which a holding strap is mounted, fastened to the athlete’s wrist. When installing a jumper at a distance from the neck, corresponding to the size of the athlete’s brush, it is fixed with two “wing” type screws.

The advantage of this device is the reduction of frictional forces in the places of contact between the palms of the athlete and the bar of the crossbar.

Its disadvantages are: firstly, the limited use - it can only be used in gymnastics to work out the athlete’s rotation on the crossbar, and secondly, the impossibility of registering and obtaining information about motor action.

A device for training weightlifters is known. The device comprises two pairs of struts carrying, by means of two closed systems of flexible rods and three blocks, a rod, a load eccentrically mounted on the drive unit, a multi-faceted shaft tip of the drive unit and its corresponding holes in the load-bearing rod. This allows you to change the initial angle of installation of the rod with the load. Flexible rods mounted on carriages placed between paired racks. Stops are used to set the rod to the original specified height. The resistance mode when lifting the rod is set by the initial position of the rod with the load. The device can be implemented modes of increasing and decreasing resistance, increasing and decreasing relief. The combination of modes is determined by the amplitude of the rod movement and the size of the reference drive unit [2].

The advantage of this device is the ability to set various modes of resistance and relief, as well as combined modes.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the limited functionality - for training weightlifters and the lack of the ability to receive operational information about the parameters of the motor actions of the athlete.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the control unit of the MUV [3], which consists of two independent and interdependently operating devices: a variable resistance device and a registration device and information about the motion parameters. The variable resistance device contains a base on which two U-shaped load-bearing posts and a platform are fixed, two chains, which are attached at one end to the bar at the top, and with the other, throwing through two pairs of sprockets, to the bar at the bottom. In addition, one chain goes around one of the three sprockets of the desired large diameter. The axis of these sprockets is fixed on a support mounted on the base. The end of the lever with the load is movably mounted on this axis. To secure the lever (with the help of a spring-loaded finger) on the asterisk of large diameter, holes are provided at different angles. The sprockets through which the mentioned chains are thrown are rigidly mounted on the ends of the shaft, which, with the help of bearings, is mounted on the upper crossbars of the U-shaped posts. An adjusting sprocket is provided to change the tension force of these chains. The brake is connected to the said shaft and is designed to brake the same shaft and rod. The handle through the cable is connected to the brake. Holders mounted on brackets are used to hold the bar. Two crossbars rigidly connect the U-shaped racks in their upper part.

The device for recording and information on motion parameters consists of a parameter recording unit containing strain gauges (dynamometer platform), linear displacement and angular change sensors, a 16-analog digital converter (ADC), and an IBM PC / XT personal computer.

The disadvantage of this device is its limited functionality - for training weightlifters and the impossibility of its use in the training process in two sports.

The objective of the claimed invention is to expand the functionality of the device - the use of kettlebell lifting and increasing the efficiency of training weight lifters by choosing the loading regime when performing a motor exercise with weights and taking into account operational information about the parameters of motor action.

The technical result, which consists in eliminating these shortcomings in a device for training weight-lifting athletes, contains a variable resistance unit and a registration unit and information on movement parameters, the first of which consists of a base into which a platform is built and on which two U-shaped are mounted and fixed racks rigidly interconnected by two crossbars in the upper part of the U-shaped racks, on each of these racks there is a holder for the rod, discretely rearranged and fixed on a rack with with the help of brackets, as well as two chains, one ends of the rods fixed to the bar at the top, and the other ends at the bottom and spaced over two pairs of sprockets rotating on two axes and the shaft, the first pair of which are mounted on a shaft mounted with bushings with bearings on the upper crossbars the aforementioned U-shaped struts, the second pair of sprockets - on two axes mounted with bushings with bearings on the base, while one of the chains goes around the fifth sprocket, similar to the four indicated, and mounted movably in a vertical oskosti on the U-shaped rack, in its middle part, with the possibility of locking, as well as an asterisk, the axis of which is fixed on a support mounted on the aforementioned base, and on which the lever is movably mounted with a load discretely set by mass, fixed on the free end of this lever fixed with a spring-loaded finger on an asterisk mounted on a support at different angles, for which corresponding holes are provided on it, and the registration unit and information on motion parameters consist of a measurement unit parameter Of the movement containing strain gauge sensors that are part of the strain gauge platform built into the aforementioned platform, and linear displacement sensors and angular measurements connected via an analog-to-digital converter to a personal computer, the design of the fastening of the said chains with the bar of the rod provides corresponding sockets for it installation, and two devices are additionally introduced into the device, ensuring the fastening of two weights on the bar neck and their rotation at an angle that is individually convenient for portsmena-weightlifter, each of said devices comprises a ring rigidly fixed on the rod fingerboard clip attached to the weight, the rotation assembly connecting the ring with a holder, and a fastening bolt with a nut, which connects the clip to the rotation assembly.

Goniometers are angular displacement sensors. The rotation unit is made in the form of a bolt and a sleeve, in which on one side an axis is made a threaded hole into which the specified bolt is screwed, mechanically connecting it to the said ring, in which a corresponding platform is provided, recessed to the height of the bolt head, and on the other hand, perpendicular a hole is made in the axis of the sleeve, into which a fixing bolt with a nut is inserted, connecting the sleeve with a holder used to fasten the weight to the device.

The design of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of a device with a modified barbell bar, to which weights are attached using two additional devices introduced.

Figure 2 shows a schematic drawing of a device with which a weight is attached to the bar of the bar.

Figure 3 shows the position of the lever with the load in the device when performing the exercise "push 2 weights from the chest".

The variable resistance unit contains a base 1, on which two U-shaped load-bearing posts 2 and a platform 3 are fixed, chains 4 and 5, which are attached at one end to the bar of the rod 6 from the top, and the other, thrown over the sprockets 7 and 8, are attached to the rod 6 from below. In addition, the chain 5 bends around a sprocket 9 of large diameter, the axis 10 of which is mounted on a support 11. On this axis 10, the end of the lever 12 with the load 13 is movably mounted. To fix the lever 12 with the spring pin 14 on the sprocket 9 holes 15 are provided. Asterisks 7 rigidly mounted on the ends of the shaft 16, which is mounted with bushings with bearings on the upper rails of the U-shaped racks 2. To change the tension of the chain 5, an adjusting sprocket 17 is provided. Holders 18 and 19 serve to hold the bar of the rod 6 in the desired initial polo enii. The crossbars 20 and 21 rigidly interconnect the U-shaped racks 2.

The unit for recording and information on motion parameters consists of a unit for measuring the parameters of motor actions, containing strain gauges (dynamometer platform 22) and linear displacement and angle sensors 23 connected via an analog-to-digital converter 24 to a personal computer 25.

Weights 26 using the introduced two devices 27 are fixed on the rod 6. Each device 27 contains (Fig. 2) a ring 28 for fixing the device 27 on the bar of the rod, a holder 29 for attaching the weight to the device, the rotation unit 30, the mounting bolt 31 and the nut 32 for fastening the cage 29 to the rotation unit 30 and two clamping bolts 33 and 34 for rigidly fixing the ring 28 on the bar neck.

Consider the use of the inventive device on the example of performing the classic “kettlebell 2 push weights” exercise in kettlebell lifting. Before using the device, it is necessary to tighten chain 5 to the optimum value using the tensioning sprocket 17. Then the bar of the rod 6 with weights 26 is set to a position corresponding to the end of the braking phase in the push. After that, the lever 12 with the load 13 is installed in the upper position close to the vertical (position P1 in figure 3). With this arrangement of the lever 12 in the push of two weights from the chest, a regime of increasing resistance is implemented with a transition to a decreasing resistance in the first period of movement - “push” and a decreasing resistance with a transition to increasing relief in the second period - “departure”.

The task of a particular mode of resistance or relief in the device depends on the position of the lever 12 at the beginning of the exercise, the direction and amplitude of its rotation. With regard to the implementation of this exercise, this is as follows. As shown in figure 3, in the mode of increasing resistance, the lever 12 with the load 13 moves counterclockwise from position P1 to position P2, then with the transition to a decreasing resistance moves clockwise from position P2 to position P1. In the future, an even greater decrease in resistance — clockwise movement from position P1 to position P3, and then with a transition to increasing relief — clockwise movement from position P3 to position P4. And return to the starting position - counterclockwise movement of the lever 12 with the load 13 from position P4 to position P1 (shown by the dashed arrow in figure 3). Then the motor action is repeated.

The developed combined regime using the inventive device implements the optimal biomechanical regime for the training athlete. During the semi-squat, the lever 12 with the load 13, moving counterclockwise from position P1 to position P2, creates an increasing resistance to the athlete’s muscles. The greatest moment of resistance created by the device at the end of the semi-squat (position P2) contributes to the manifestation of maximum muscle tension in the athlete. Tense muscles contract faster (proved by I.M.Sechenov) when pushing weights under conditions of overcoming decreasing resistance - moving lever 12 with load 13 from position P2 to position P1. Then, the athlete performs care with decreasing resistance - clockwise movement of the lever 12 with the load 13 from position P1 to position P3, and the body is straightened under conditions of increasing relief - clockwise movement of the lever 12 with the weight 13 from position P3 to position P4. After that, the lever 12 with the load 13 (and the athlete) returns to its initial position P1, moving counterclockwise from position P4 to position P1, first in conditions of decreasing relief, and then some increasing resistance.

From the above it is seen that when performing the specified exercise in those positions where the technical features of the motor action of this exercise are formed - semi-squatting and leaving, the device sets the optimal training mode for the athlete. In those moments of motor action, where the technique is not so important - straightening the body and returning to its original position, a relief mode is created. This saves the weightlifting athlete up to 30-40% of energy costs, i.e. a weight-lifting athlete during a training session will be able to perform a 30–40% larger volume of training work with the same energy costs, which significantly affects the formation of his sports-strength qualities and endurance during the exercise.

Obtaining reliable and objective operational information using the registration unit and information on movement parameters helps the athlete and trainer to analyze the athlete's motor actions and promptly introduce corrections into the training process.

This block works as follows. Before performing the exercise, the free end of the thread coming from the displacement sensor of the measuring unit 23 is attached to the handle 26 or to the athlete’s belt, which becomes on the dynamometer platform 22 and performs the exercise.

Electrical analog signals from power sensors, displacement sensors of the bar and the athlete’s body and angle sensors in his joints are fed to the input of an analog-to-digital converter 24, where they are converted into digital codes, which are transmitted to the personal computer 25 through the interface of the system unit for further processing, implemented using a set of programs. This allows almost immediately after the exercise (series of motor actions) to obtain digital and graphic information about the parameters of movements, which are displayed on demand on the display screen of a personal computer or using a printer on a paper storage medium.

A rotation unit providing rotation of the weight when performing the specified exercise is made in the form of a bolt and a sleeve in which, on the one hand, a threaded hole is made in the axis into which the specified bolt is screwed, mechanically connecting it to the ring, in which a corresponding platform is provided, recessed to the height of the bolt head, and on the other hand, a sleeve, a hole is made perpendicular to its axis, into which a fixing bolt with a nut is inserted, connecting the sleeve with a holder, used to attach the weight to the device . When an athlete-weight lifter performs a motor action, the rotation unit contributes to the required rotation of the weight.

Application of the registration unit and information on the motion parameters. Before performing the exercise, the free end of the thread from the displacement sensor coming from the sensor assembly 23 is attached to the bar of the rod 6. Then the athlete, putting on the knee joint of any leg with the goniometric sensor from the sensor assembly 23, stands on the dynamometer platform 22 and performs the exercise using the variable resistance unit or without it. Electrical analog signals from the dynamometer platform 22, the goniometric sensor and the displacement sensor of the sensor assembly 23 are fed to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 24, where they are converted into digital codes, which are transmitted via the interface to the memory of the personal computer 25 for further processing using a set of programs.

The complex of automated information processing programs includes: automatic data recording input, preliminary signal processing (smoothing), calibration of input signals, output of a graphic image of input signals, mathematical processing of the characteristics of the performed sports exercises.

The mathematical processing program of the characteristics of a sports exercise allows you to calculate the following biomechanical parameters: the duration of the entire movement and individual phases and periods, the magnitude of the angular changes in the joints, the displacement and speed of the bar or body of the athlete, the reaction force of the support along peak values, the impulse of the reaction force of the support movement, its phases and periods.

The use of devices with devices can significantly increase the efficiency of the training process of weight-lifting athletes by increasing the amount of work performed during training and expand the functionality of the prototype due to its use with improvements in weight-lifting sport.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 515155, BI No. 20, 1976.

2. USSR author's certificate No. 1673142, IPC A 63 B 21/062, BI No. 32, 1991.

3. Cherkesov Yu.T. Driving machine and sport. Maykop, 1993.

Claims (3)

1. A device for training weightlifting athletes, comprising a variable resistance unit and a registration unit and information on movement parameters, the first of which consists of a base into which a platform is built and on which two U-shaped posts are rigidly connected to each other by two crossbars in the upper part of the U-shaped racks, on each of these racks there is a holder for the rod, discretely rearranged and fixed on the rack using brackets, as well as from two chains, one ends fixed to the gr at the top of the rod, and at the other ends from below and sprockets spun over two pairs of sprockets rotating on two axes and the shaft, the first pair of which is mounted on a shaft mounted with bushings with bearings on the upper crossbars of the aforementioned U-shaped posts, the second pair of sprockets - on two axes mounted with bushings with bearings on the base, while one of the chains bends around the fifth sprocket, similar to the four indicated, and mounted movably in a vertical plane on a U-shaped stand, in its middle part, with the possibility of locking I, as well as an asterisk, the axis of which is mounted on a support mounted on the aforementioned base, and on which a lever is movably mounted with a load discretely set by mass, mounted on the free end of this lever, which is fixed with a spring-loaded finger on the sprocket mounted on the support under different corners, for which the corresponding holes are provided on it, and the unit for recording and information on the motion parameters consists of a node for measuring motion parameters containing strain gauges included in the composition of ten an geometric platform built into the aforementioned platform, and linear displacement and angular measurement sensors connected via an analog-to-digital converter to a personal computer, characterized in that the design of the aforementioned chains with the bar of the rod has corresponding sockets for its installation and two additional inputs are introduced into the device devices ensuring the fastening of two weights on the bar neck and their rotation at an angle that is individually convenient for the athlete - a weightlifter, each of which The second one contains a ring that is rigidly fixed to the bar neck, a clip attached to the weight, a rotation assembly connecting the ring to the clip, and a mounting bolt with a nut connecting the clip to the rotation assembly. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular displacement sensors are goniometers. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation unit is made in the form of a bolt and a sleeve, in which on one side an axis is made of a threaded hole into which the specified bolt is screwed, mechanically connecting it to said ring, in which a corresponding platform is provided recessed to the height of the head of the bolt, and on the other hand, perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve, a hole is made in which a fixing bolt with a nut is inserted, connecting the sleeve with a holder used to attach the weight to the device.

Images