SU1700237A1 - Method of dumping overburden rock in flooded conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open-cast mining of solid minerals and the formation of dumps in flooded conditions. The goal is to increase the receiving capacity of the blade by increasing the resistance to shear of the saturated base rocks. According to the invention, in a dry area, bulldozers cut a layer of sand to the surface from a promising open-pit contour. The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open-cast mining of solid minerals and the formation of dumps in flooded conditions. The purpose of the invention is to increase the receiving capacity of the blade due to the increase in the resistance to shear of the water-saturated base rocks. dense clay and form a half-trench. Then, the half-trench is filled with the coarse-grained mass obtained by secondary crushing of oversized overburden pieces. After filling, the half-trench pours into it medium and fine-grained rocks. Continue dumping of coarse clastic rocks to the specified values of height and slope. After that, overburden of different-plastic rocks are dumped by inclined layers with a speed exceeding the strain rate of the array. Drilling of drainage workings and the formation of prisms of the stop are carried out by drilling from the surface of the blade of inclined wells with a hole equal to the capacity of the unstable base, and by blowing up explosive charges in them in the direction of the dumping front. Drainage fillings are filled with light filtering rocks, after which the dumping of differently plastic rocks is resumed. The cycles alternate until the dump area is completely filled, and the dump formation is completed by forming a retaining wall at the end of the blade, which is erected from coarse clastic overburden. 3 il. FIG. 1-3 show the steps involved in performing the dumping process. Example. The overburden rock is represented by various plastic formations of the weathering crust, clays, and rock differences, which, according to the schedule, are involved in the development at different times. The location of the blade is 350 m from the perspective contour of the open pit in the territory with s vj O O GO with VJ

Description

The temporary evaporation pond predetermined the features and the method of its formation using explosive energy. When dumping in the usual way, the bottom of the blade, flooded with water in places up to three meters, floats, which limits the receiving capacity.

According to the method, in the selected dry area, with the help of a bulldozer to the north of the perspective contour of pit No. 2, the layer of sand 1 is cut to a depth of 3-4 m to the surface of dense clays. The resulting half-length along the length of 175 m is filled with coarse-grained mass 2, obtained, for example, by secondary crushing of oversized pieces of overburden rock, after filling the half-roof, a layer of crushed (up to 3-10 cm) rock 3 is poured, after a dozer grading the layer is rolled by dump trucks and made t further formation of a pioneer mound of a triangular shape in a longitudinal section by dumping medium and fine crushed mass 4, which is delivered and dumped by dump trucks. Upon reaching 10m in height, the formation of the pioneer embankment is completed, since the maximum allowable height of the blade dumped into the water, under the conditions of stability, does not exceed 10 m.

We calculate the safe distance located on the rear axle dump of the loaded dump truck according to the VNII method, according to which

(RZ-DRAKUDR (1)

where Cz is safer than the distance from the rear axle of the dump truck to the edge of the collapse, m;

Рз- weight falling on the rear axle of a loaded dump truck (Рз 82 т);

DR is the weight attributable to the rear axle of a loaded dump truck per 1 m extension of the blade front (AP 15.74 tons for Belaz 549);

ak - the width of the track of the dump truck (ak - 3.7 m).

The magnitude of the prism of the collapse of g over the top of the blade, averaging 0.2-0.3 N, is determined from

g N V2 ctg a + 2 ctg UE (3 ctg a + ctg n)

where N is the height of the blade, m; a-angle of the slope, Shp 45 + p / 2. The minimum distance Sz satisfying the safety conditions (2) is 2.5 m. Then, on the basis of experimental studies of the speed of the blade deformation from the maximum speed of advance of the working front, we establish a rational speed of 5

10 15 20 25 30

35

40

45

50

overburden deposits The advancement of the scope of work on mountain possibilities should be ahead of the deformation rate of the Udo slope, i.e. conditions (1) and (2) are satisfied if fr / do.

The rate of advancement of the dumping works of Ufr can be calculated by the formula

UfR Osm Mp / 1f.e, (3)

where QCM is the shift capacity of the dump truck, occupied by dump works, m / cm;

N - the number of trucks, pcs;

n - coefficient of use of replaceable time;

1-fr - the length of the front of dumping works, m;

K - depth of the dumping front of rocks, m;

The replacement capacity of the dump truck 6cm is proportional to the actual capacity of the dfr, the duration of work per shift, and inversely proportional to the length of the trip time Tr, i.e.

Osm rfTsm / Tr; (4)

Tp (12Q L / Vcp9) + ЈTi (5)

where L is the overburden transportation distance to the dump truck unloading point, km;

Vcpa - average operating speed of the dump truck, km / h;

Ј L - cycle time from installation of a dump truck for loading to unloading, min.

The strain rate of the VAO dump array can be found using the formula

VAo (Dn / Fy / Odt, m / c. (6)

where Dn is the value of the landslide pressure in the calculation block, ton-force / m

Dn SY-f (slnpn-tg / 9 cospn) - -kfn + Dn-v cos (pn-i -pn), (7)

where Q is the weight of a block on 1 m of the dumping front of the dump;

 - angle of inclination of the sliding surface in the computation block of the dump front, hail;

En is the length of the sliding surface, m;

Ore holding forces at the front of the dumping, ton.

The speed of the vertical displacement of the blade rocks is determined by the formula

g rj- NP- NP + 1. m / day,

(eight)

and the horizontal offset as

 m / day (9)

where Hn is the mark of the reference frame of the initial observation,

Nn-n - the same, in a day, m;

a is the horizontal angle from the basis to the observational benchmark, degrees;

p 206265-reper.

The calculation of the velocities of the displacement of the observational benchmarks depending on the rjf of the period between the observations T is made according to the formula

I / T, (10)

For the heap of Yuma’s height, the angle of inclination is 35-38 ° in the mode of permissible deformations (the occurrence of cracks on the front is not more than 3.7 m, the width of the opening is not more than 3 cm, and the depth is not more than 0.3 N) work is 3 m / day. At the front of 25–35 m, this speed is ensured by the operation of 10–12 Belaz-548 dump trucks.

Then proceed directly to the process of dumping dump. The slope angle of the pioner embankment allows forming layers of different-plastic rocks inclined at an angle of 35-38 °. Due to the segregation of pieces by size, large pieces roll back to large distances, and the remaining small pieces, having a large adhesion coefficient, provide safe condition dump dump.

At a dumping speed of 3 m / day, a sufficient area for installation on the resulting surface of the drilling machine is reached on the 5th day. A drilling machine, for example, SBSh-250mn, is installed on the surface planned by the bulldozer, and 4-5 wells inclined at an angle of 65-70 ° vertical are drilled on a front of 25-30 m 6. Over-rift is equal to the power of an unstable base 2.5–3 m. The wells are charged with solid charges and produce an ejection explosion in the direction of the 7 front of the blade. The resulting trench is filled with lumpy overburden material to drain the water and create a prism of the stop. After the production of the dozer leveling surface, the rocks are further dumped by the inclined layers with the help of dump trucks, they form a platform for placing the drilling machine, drill a number of inclined boreholes 8, boreholes and reload the ejection in the direction 9, then form

New prism of an emphasis by backfilling of the resulting blast to emit coarse clastic rocks. The filling cycles of different-plastic rocks, the formation of trenches of explosive energy in them and the formation of the prism of the stop alternate to completely fill the dump area, and the dumping is completed by forming the retaining wall 10 directly adjacent to the last stop prism at the end of the blade.

Claims (1)

Claims method of dumping overburden in flooded conditions, including layering of different types of plastics, sinking drainage workings, filling them with lightweight rocks and forming resilient prisms, characterized in that, in order to increase the blade receiving capacity by increasing the resistance to shear rocks - saturated base, in it remove a layer of unstable rocks to the surface of difficult-to-filter rocks and form the half-trench, fill it with coarse-grained material opened Oysteric rocks, on which a layer of medium- and fine-clastic rocks is poured, continue to dry coarse clastic material to the specified heights and slope values, and then overburden differently plastic rocks are dumped with inclined layers at a rate exceeding the deformation rate of the massif, and Drainage excavations and the formation of prisms of the stop are carried out by drilling from the surface of the blade of inclined wells with a hole equal to the power of the unstable base and blasting explosive charges in them, and the blasting of charges is an ejection in the direction of the dumping front, fill the drainage openings with easily filtering coarse clastic rocks, after which the dumping of different plastic rocks is resumed, the cycles are alternated until the dump square is completely filled, and the dumping is completed by forming a retaining wall at the end of the blade erected from coarsely broken overburden rocks. . Fig.Z 3 H D4 L V V . | with - u. THT L