RU2356810C1 - Method for temporary storage of freezing loose and lump materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to temporary storage and warehousing of loose and lump materials inclined to freezing in winter conditions at open platforms and may be used in warehousing in stockpiles of permafrost alluvial deposits. During method realisation as stack is formed, it is separated into horizontal layers. In lower part of layers pipes are laid and fixed. Layer height is accepted as equal to height H_m of frost penetration in soil for this region. Distance between rows of pipes installed along vertical line in staggered order is accepted as equal to 2H_m, m. To restore mobility of material, explosive substances are used, which are charged in pipes from nonworking side of stack. Prior to charging of explosive substance from working side of stack, plug is arranged from sealing foam on the basis of liquid pre-polymer with propellant with further creation of hard polyurethane foam of H_m length, and on nonworking side plug is arranged from water soluble gel in the whole length of pipes that remained after charging.

EFFECT: simplification of technology for storage of freezing materials and reduction of power inputs for performance of method operations.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the temporary storage and storage of prone to freezing of bulk and lump materials in winter conditions on open areas and can be used for storage in dumps of permafrost placers.

A known method of storing flotation waste from enrichment plants (AS USSR No. 735497, IPC B65G 3/00, publ. 1980, bull. No. 19). The method includes feeding materials to the dump, some of which are frozen in the form of separate layers, and then stacked in a certain sequence. The disadvantages of this invention are the complexity and high energy costs of implementing the operations of the method.

A known method of temporary storage of freezing bulk and lump materials (RF patent No. 2249549, IPC 7 B65G 3/02, publ. 10.04.2005, bull. No. 10). Pre-reinforced and frozen blocks of freezing loose or lumpy material are stacked in layers with a gap from each other. The layers are separated from each other using sheet hydrophobic material. The formation and analysis of the layers of the stack is carried out using lifting devices by capturing the formed blocks of frozen material for the reinforcement loops. The disadvantages of this invention are the complexity and high energy costs of implementing the operations of the method.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the technology and reduce energy costs for the implementation of the operations of the method.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of temporary storage of freezing bulk and lump materials, which consists in stacking layers of stacks, sorting the stack layers, according to the invention, as the stack is formed, it is divided into horizontal layers, in the lower part of which pipes are laid and fixed, and the height the layer is taken equal to the height N _{m of} freezing of the soil for a given region, the distance between the rows of pipes arranged vertically in a checkerboard pattern is taken to be 2N _m , m, for restoration For the sake of mobility of the material, explosives are used that are loaded into pipes from the non-working side of the stack, and before charging the explosive from the working side of the stack, they are jammed from a mounting foam based on a liquid prepolymer with a propellant, followed by the formation of a rigid polyurethane foam with a length of N _m , and from the non-working side, they are jammed from a water-soluble gel along the entire length of the pipes remaining after loading, while the length of the explosive charge in the pipes is determined by the formula:

l _zar = Q / (H _m * m),

where Q is the replaceable need for bulk material, m ³ ; N _m - freezing depth for a given region, m; m is the width of the stack in the middle section.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that they use water-filled metal-plastic pipes.

The technical result is also achieved by the use of sewer polymer pipes.

The technical result is also achieved by using high pressure rubber hoses.

The application of the invention in comparison with the prototype allows to simplify the technology and reduce energy costs for the implementation of the operations of the method.

The method of temporary storage of freezing bulk and lump materials is illustrated by the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a stack plan, section BB, Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a stack, section B-B, Fig. 3 shows a transverse section of a stack, section A- And where:

1 - a stack formed in the form of horizontal layers with a height of N _m ;

2 - pipes made of metal-plastic, polymers or rubber;

3 - stemming from a water-soluble gel;

4 - explosive;

5 - stemming from polyurethane foam based on a liquid prepolymer with a propellant, followed by the formation of rigid polyurethane foam with a length of N _m ;

6 - the working side of the stack (the side on which loading operations are carried out);

7 - non-working side of the stack (the side on which loading operations are not carried out);

a - the width of the stack in the upper part;

b is the width of the stack in the lower part;

l _zar is the explosive charge length;

N _m - the depth of freezing, characteristic of this region, m;

m is the width of the stack in the middle section, m = (a + b) / 2, m

The restoration of the flowability (mobility) of frozen bulk and lumpy materials can be achieved by thermal, mechanical, or explosive methods. The least energy-intensive of the above is the process of explosive loosening of frozen or frozen bulk materials. Frozen rocks have a certain resistance to destruction by explosion, almost constant humidity and temperature throughout the thickness, with the exception of the upper part, called the active layer. Depending on climatic conditions, the thickness of the active layer varies from 1.5 to 3 m. The temperature of the rocks of the active layer varies throughout the year. At positive outside temperatures, the surface layer of the rock begins to thaw. As a result of heat transfer, the underlying rocks are gradually thawing. At negative air temperatures, the reverse process occurs - freezing. The freezing process occurs simultaneously: from the surface into the interior of the array and from the bottom up due to the alignment of the temperature gradient.

Seasonal freezing of rocks occurs only from top to bottom, and its depth depends on the temperature of the outside air, the duration of the freezing period, the presence of snow cover, wind speed, and terrain. In Russia, the depth of seasonal freezing N _m is up to 3 m, depending on the region. At positive air temperatures, the upper layer of the rock begins to thaw, the temperature gradient gradually equalizes. At the same time, due to the presence of a thawed underlying layer of the rock, the frozen layer thaws from the bottom up.

To assign frozen rocks to a particular group according to the freezing depth N _m, it is necessary to establish the type of rocks. This information is usually available in the technical documentation. The freezing depth N _m is determined by test drilling or taken according to long-term observations. In drilled wells measure the temperature of the rock. Temperature measurement can be carried out using thermometers TL-4 or thermal resistance sensors. To determine the moisture content of the rocks when drilling wells, rock samples are taken and weighted. After drying at a temperature of 105 ° C to constant weight, secondary weighing is performed and moisture is determined by calculation. Determining the type of rock, measuring its temperature and humidity, determine the group of rocks by explosiveness and select the specific consumption of explosives.

It is known that for loosening seasonally frozen soils, depending on the geological and mining conditions, hole and well charges are used. In the proposed method, these concepts are arbitrary and can be classified according to the diameter of the pipes 2. Loosening of frozen soils by the explosive method is used, as a rule, with a freezing depth of N _m exceeding 0.5 m. With a lower value of N _, loosening is carried out mainly by mechanical means. Without preliminary loosening, seasonally frozen soils can be developed by excavators equipped with a direct shovel with a capacity of 0.5-1 m ³ , with H _m = 0.15 ÷ 0.25 m, and equipped with a dragline with the same bucket capacity - at H _m ≤0 ,1m.

Loosening of seasonally frozen rocks is carried out by blast-hole, borehole, slotted, sometimes boiler explosive charges. The choice of charge design is most often determined by the availability of equipment for creating charging cavities - drilling or shear. In the proposed method, there is no need for drilling or slit-hole equipment, which will reduce its cost. In fact, the cost of cultivation is reduced to the cost of pipes 2 and the cost of explosives.

The rational diameter of the charge (pipe, in millimeters) can be determined from the formula:

,

,

where W is the thickness of the exploding permafrost layer, m; q _m - estimated specific consumption of explosives, kg / m ³ ; Δ is the loading density, kg / dm ³ .

For example, when exploding frozen soils, the approximate values of q _{m are} as follows:

Frozen clay and construction debris 0.7-0.9 Clay loam with clay 0.6-0.7 Sand and vegetable soils 0.4-0.6

The design parameters for blasting should at low cost ensure high-quality loosening of frozen soil and safety for closely located objects and equipment. The volume of loosening by the explosion is determined in a dense body within the design outline of the object with the division into groups of the fortress along strike and freezing depth N _m

A very important parameter is the diameter of the pipes 2, which determines the capacity of the resulting charging cavity p, and therefore the shape of the charge - whether it will be closer to cylindrical or spherical symmetry:

d _c = (0.05 ÷ 0.07) N _m .

The length of the charge is set taking into account the necessary quality of the stemming, which is performed with the length of the stemming of not less than 0.3 l _charging Studies have established that with increasing charge length, mass velocities increase, therefore, the quality of crushing and loosening should improve. However, this takes place only with an increase in l _Zab to 0.3 m, after which the intensity and growth of the crushing volume slow down. For high-quality crushing of seasonally frozen soils, it is necessary that pipes 2 are filled with stemming to the mouth or, in extreme cases, by at least 0.3 m.

To reduce the specific consumption of explosives, it is possible to use short-delayed blasting and charge dispersal in the well. The use of short-blown blasting allows you to adjust the direction and shape of the collapse of the soil, improves its crushing due to the collision of the pieces and increase the time of exposure of the detonation products to the array with a correctly selected slowdown interval.

The pyrotechnic double-acting detonation relays RP-8 were widely used when seasonal-frozen soils were loosened using the short-blasting method. The duration of the explosion slowdown is 10 ± 4; 20 ± 6; 35 ± 7 and 50 ± 7 ms. Apply a relay when mounting an explosive network using a detonating cord.

The amount of loosening (in cubic meters) is determined by the geometric dimensions of the object, its length and depth of freezing.

When loosening seasonally frozen soils in confined stack conditions and the presence of underground utilities located near industrial or residential buildings, it is possible to create shielding slits cut by the drilling machine to the entire freezing depth N _{m of the} stack, or protective strips from the soil loosened by short-blasting small charges.

A method for temporary storage of freezing bulk and lump materials is carried out as follows, for example, when using a permafrost ore in a processing plant. Layered stacked stacked 1, formed from horizontal layers with a height of N _m , for example, using a dump bridge. Subsequent analysis of the layers of the stack 1 is made from the working side of the stack 6, for example, using an excavator. As the stack 1 is formed, it is divided vertically into horizontal layers with a height of N _m , in the lower part of which pipes 2 are laid. The pipes 2 are vertically staggered to ensure the best loosening of frozen materials. If necessary, pipes 2 are fixed using brackets (not shown conditionally in the drawing) or by adding small-sized material to prevent their displacement during subsequent filling of stack 1. The diameter of the pipes is taken in accordance with N _m according to the above formulas. The height of the horizontal layer of stack 1 is taken equal to the height N _{m of} soil freezing for a given region to ensure loosening of only the necessary frozen interval of stack 1. To prevent deformation of the pipes 2 when backfilling, they create an internal backpressure with appropriate sealing. Pressure can be created either by air or by liquid. If it is necessary to connect the pipes 2, they are connected to each other by external adapters that do not narrow the sections of the pipes 2. As a result, a stack 1 is obtained with a width a of the stack in the upper part and a width b of the stack in the lower part, m. The distance between the rows of pipes located in a checkerboard vertical order, taken equal to 2N _m to ensure sufficiently uniform loosening of frozen material. To restore the mobility of the frozen bulk material, explosives 4 are used, which are charged into the tubes 2 from the non-working side 7 of the stack 1. Before charging the explosive 4 from the working side 6 of the stack, clogging 5 is made of a mounting foam based on a liquid prepolymer with a propellant with the subsequent formation of a rigid polyurethane foam length N _m for the effective locking of the explosion products in the pipe and increase the efficiency of the explosion. On the non-working side 7 make clogging 3 of a water-soluble gel along the entire length of the pipes to prevent their deformation when blown. The length of the explosive charge in the wells is determined by the formula:

l _zar = Q / (N _m * m),

where Q is the replaceable need for bulk material, m ³ ; N _m - freezing depth for a given region, m; m - the width of the stack in the middle section, m - the width of the stack in the middle section is determined by the formula m = (a + b) / 2, m

Determining the charge length using the above formula will allow the most efficient use of a rechargeable explosive, taking into account the possible subsequent freezing of the material. The proposed method can also be used on stacks with materials prone to caking in other cases. To carry out the operations of the method, it is proposed to use either water-filled metal-plastic pipes, or sewer polymer pipes, or high-pressure rubber hoses. Pipes from these materials are easily mounted, subsequently easily destroyed by blasting or mechanical methods and allow the subsequent processing and enrichment process to be carried out without any complications.

The application of the proposed method for the temporary storage of freezing bulk and lump materials provides the following advantages:

- simplification of storage technology for freezing materials;

- reducing energy costs for the implementation of the operations of the method.

Claims (4)

1. The method of temporary storage of freezing bulk and lump materials, which consists in stacking layers in a stack, parsing layers, characterized in that as the stack is formed, it is divided into horizontal layers, in the lower part of which pipes are laid and fixed, and the layer height is taken equal to the height H _m of soil freezing for a given region, the distance between the rows of tubes disposable in a vertically staggered arrangement is taken to be _m 2H, m, used to restore material taken mobility yvchatye substance rechargeable through a pipe with trailing side of the stack, wherein before loading the explosive from the operating side of the stack do stemming of from foam based on a liquid prepolymer with a propellant with the consequent formation of rigid polyurethane length N _m, and a trailing side stemming of making a water-soluble gel of the entire length of the pipes remaining after loading, while the length of the explosive charge in the pipes is determined by the formula
l _zar = Q / (H _m · m),
where Q is the replaceable need for bulk material, m ³ ; N _m - freezing depth for a given region, m; m is the width of the stack in the middle section. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use water-filled metal-plastic pipes. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the use of sewer polymer pipes. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that use high-pressure rubber hoses.

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