SU1683830A1 - Method of separation wheat seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the purification of seeds of cultivated plants in agricultural produce, namely wheat seed. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of purification of wheat seeds. The initial seeds are successively cleaned in the pre-cleaning device 1 with separation of large and small impurities and seeds, then on the air-sieve separator 2 and the trier block 3. After this, the seeds are re-cleaned in the air-sieve separator 4, pneumatic separator 5 table (PS) 6. At all stages of purification, waste of seeds is released. The specific load on the pneumatic separator 5 is set to 1.0–1.5 kg / (cm2 h). On the PPS 6, seeds of I, II, II standard classes and waste are selected. The yield of seeds of class I on PS b is 30–85%, and the ratio of seeds of classes II and III (3: 1) is

Description

The invention relates to the purification of seeds of cultivated plants in agriculture, namely wheat seeds.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning wheat seeds.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the implementation of the method of cleaning wheat seeds.

The scheme includes a pre-cleaning machine 1, an air-cleaning sieve 2 primary cleaning machine, a triyer block 3, a secondary-cleaning air-handling sieve 4, a pneumatic separator 5 and a pneumatic sorting table 6.

The method is carried out as follows.

The original wheat seeds are sent to a pre-cleaning machine 1 where large and light impurities are released. The cleaned seeds enter the lattice air of the primary cleaning machine 2, in which waste is separated from the seeds. The seeds are then sent to a trimeric unit 3, in which waste is additionally recovered. After the trimmer block, the seeds enter the air-sieve re-cleaning machine 4, where light impurities are released.

The material to be processed is additionally cleaned on the pneumatic separator 5 before entering the pneumortable table 6. At the same time, by controlling the supply of the source material to the pneumatic separating channel, the specific load in it is set to 1.0–1.5 kg / m2% and by controlling the speed the air flow in the pneumoseparative channel ensures the entry into the light fraction of 5–7% of the seeds of the main culture from their content in the starting material. Such optimal conditions for pneumatic separation make it possible to remove up to 90–95% of the waste emitted by the air stream from the starting material to the light fraction.

The seeds cleaned by the pneumatic separator are delivered to the pneumatic sorting table 6. On the pneumatic sorting table, up to 3% of the seeds of the main crop are separated from their content in the source material, and the seeds are divided into three fractions: heavy, medium and light; The desired seed fraction in the amount of 30-, 85%, and the yield of the light and medium fractions is set in the ratio (3: 1) - (1: 1). These cleaning conditions provide a guaranteed yield of seeds of I and, by the way, II and III classes of the standard on purity and content of seeds of other plants, respectively, in heavy, medium and light

fractions. The indicated proportions of the yield of seeds of I, II, and 111 classes of the standard, as well as waste, are achieved by adjusting the position of the rotary valves of the receiving device of the pneumatic sorting table and controlling the quality of the seed fractions for purity and content of seeds of other plants in accordance with the standard.

In order to determine the optimal parameters of the wheat seed cleaning process at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, experiments on cleaning

of these seeds by this method. The optimal specific loads on the pneumatic separator were determined for wheat seeds with the seed content of other plants in an amount of 350 pieces / kg. Table 1 shows the results.

these experiments.

The results show that specific loads of less than 1 kg / (cm-h) do not significantly affect the seed content of other plants (in units per 1 kg) in purified

material. The performance of the pneumatic separator decreases as the specific load decreases. Therefore, the optimum value of the specific load, providing a positive effect, is the load

1.0-1.5 kg / (cm2-h).

To determine the optimal indicators for seed yields of class I at the last stage of purification, i.e. On the pneumatic sorting table, experiments were carried out with wheat seeds containing seeds of other plants in the amount of 94 and 22 pieces. The obtained results showed that the optimum yields of class I wheat seeds when cleaning them at the pneumatic sorting plant

the table after the pneumatic separator is in the range of 30-85%.

The results of experiments to substantiate the magnitude of the optimal yield of seeds of classes II and II of the standard in the ratio

(3: 1) - (1: 1) are given in table.2.

From Table 2 it can be seen that with an increase in the ratio of seed yields of classes II and III over 3: 1, there is an increase in the seed content of other plant e purified fractions and is 51 and 210 pounds / kg, i.e., respectively. these fractions do not meet the requirements of class II and III, respectively, of the seed content of other plants. When decreasing

the ratio of the yields is less than 1: 1; the content of seeds of other plants in the purified fractions remains almost unchanged, however, the yield of seeds of class II decreases, i.e.

however, a positive effect is not achieved.

Claims (1)

The invention The method of cleaning wheat seeds, including pre-cleaning with the release of large and small impurities and seeds, cleaning the seeds on an air-sieve separator, a trieur unit, re-cleaning on an air-sieve separator and a pneumatic sorting table with separation at each stage cleaning seeds and waste, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of cleaning mn while simultaneously receiving several classes of standard, the seeds are additionally treated on a pneumatic separating table on a pneumatic separator with a specific load of 1.0–1.5 kg / (cm2-h) with the release of purified seeds and additional waste in the form of small impurities, before On the pneumatic sorting table, seeds of I, II, and III classes of standard and waste are extracted, and the yield of seeds of II and III classes of standard is regulated in the ratio (3: 1) - (1: 1). Table 1 15 table 2