SU1682612A1 - Two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of a two-stroke internal combustion engine. The engine contains a stepped cylinder with inlet and purge ports, a working piston located in a larger cylinder diameter and kinematically connected to the crankshaft, and a spool piston placed in a smaller cylinder diameter and equipped with a drive made in the form of a shaft and a connecting rod connected by means of a ram with a shaft. The engine is also provided with a sleeve, which encloses the body and is installed in a vase of blowing windows with the possibility of oscillating motion and a drive for moving the sleeve, made in the form of a rack and pinion gearing, and the piston drive slider is rigidly connected to the piston connecting rod and has two cylindrical washers connected with crankshaft piston -gill. The movement of the piston gaill controlling the opening of the purge ports is carried out in accordance with the working process in the engine cylinder, and the movement of the liner controlling the closure of the purge ports takes place with a time delay of 9 sludge. from h c

Description

This invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine-building.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency.

FIG. 1 shows the engine, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - the same, cross section; in fig. 3 - piston-wheel drive, longitudinal section; in fig. 4 shows the arrangement of the piston-golder in the lowest position with the corresponding arrangement of the crankshaft of the drive crankshaft; in fig. 5 is a diagram of the arrangement of the crank before the piston-golder moves upwards; in fig. 6 shows the arrangement of the piston-golder in the extreme upper position; in fig. 7 is a schematic of a crank arrangement in which the piston-valve stops moving; in fig. 8 is a section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 9 - kinematic diagram of the piston-spool drive.

The engine contains a stepped cylinder 1 with working steps 2 and 3 of larger and smaller diameters, respectively, a working piston 4 placed in a step 2 of larger diameter and kinematically connected by a connecting rod 5 to a crankshaft 6 piston spool 7 placed in a step 3 of a smaller diameter cylinder 1 and equipped with an actuator consisting of a connecting rod 8, a slider 9 and a crankshaft 10. The cylinder 1 is equipped with exhaust 11 and blowing 12 windows, respectively, made in steps 2 and 3, with the sleeve 13 and the actuator 14 for its movement.

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In the slider 9 placed two cylindrical washers 15.

The sleeve 13 is equipped with a toothed crown

16 which engages with the rack

17, rigidly mounted on the shaft 18. The shaft 19 is driven from the crankshaft 6, has a cam 20 and rotates at the same frequency as the crankshaft 6. The cam 20 and the spring 21 provide a reciprocating movement of the rail 17 and, accordingly, an oscillatory movement sleeves 13.

The purging of the working cavities of the stages 2 and 3 is provided by the purge pump 22 driven by the crankshaft 6.

The crankshaft 10 of the piston-piston drive 7 is made detachable, driven from the crankshaft 6, and rotates at the same frequency.

The combustion chamber 23 is formed by the bottom of the working piston 4 and the bottom of the piston - spool 7.

A nozzle 24 is installed in the cylinder 1 to supply fuel. For an engine with external mixture formation, a spark plug is installed instead of the nozzle 24.

The engine works as follows.

When the working piston 4 is in the TDC, the piston-spool 7 is in its lowest position, and the sleeve 13 closes the purge ports 12 and is stationary. The combustion chamber 23 is in the process of burning fuel. When the working piston 4 moves from TDC and HMT, the injected dose of fuel burns out and pjac-expansion of the combustion products. The piston spool 7 and the sleeve 13 at the same time remain fixed. When the working piston 4 passes about half the stroke, the piston-spool 1 starts to move upwards, and the sleeve 13, turning and remaining stationary in this position, opens the purge ports 12, which remain blocked by the piston-spool 7, the Working piston 4, moving to BDC opens the exhaust ports 11, the expansion process ends and the combustion products rush into the exhaust manifold. At the time when the working piston 4 has not yet reached its BDC, the piston-spool 7, moving up, opens the purge ports 12. The process of purging and filling the working cavities of stages 2 and 3 begins, which ends when the sleeve 13 starts to turn overlaps the purge ports 12 and stops. The piston-valve at the same time did not even reach its extreme upper position. The law of the corresponding oscillatory motion (rotation) of the sleeve 13 with stops

after shutting off the purge ports 12 and

. after opening these windows is provided

selecting the appropriate profile of the cam 20 of the shaft 19. Spool-piston 7, having reached its extreme upper position, begins to move to the extreme lower position. The working piston 4 and the piston-gold 7 move towards each other and

0 compress fresh charge. Slug piston 7, reaching its lowest position, stops, and further compression of the charge is carried out by the working piston 4. When the working piston approaches

5 4 to TDC, fuel is injected through the injector 24. The working piston 4 approaches the TDC, the mixture ignites, and the entire operation cycle described above is repeated again. The sleeve 13 in such an engine is not subject to high temperatures and pressures.

The drive of the piston-golder 7 provides its movement with a stop at 180 °. The washers 15 installed in the slider 9 may rotate relative to the slider 9. The law of motion with the piston-golfer 7 stopped at 180 ° in the lowest position is ensured by the mechanism used in the drive. On

0 figs 4-7 for different crankshaft crank positions 10 show the positions of the piston-gavel 7 and its drive. When the piston of the gaiter 7 moves to the lowest position (from the position shown in Fig. 6, to the position in Fig. 7), the gas forces, i.e. the elastic forces of the working fluid compressed in the working cavities 2 and 3, act towards movement. At the point in time when the crank

0, the crankshaft 10 will take the horizontal position shown in FIG. 7, the piston-spool 7 will stop moving and the crank will rotate and turn the washers 15 in the slider 9. Turning the crank through

5 180 ° will occupy another extreme position (FIG. 5). All this time, the slider 9 and, accordingly, the piston-spool 7 remain stationary. Upon further rotation of the crankshaft crankshaft 10, the gas forces will shift the slider 9 from the dead position and a further rotation of the crank will cause upward movement of the slider 9 and the piston of the hammer 7. The position in FIG. 6 corresponds to the extreme upper position of the piston-gilder actuator 7. With further rotation, the crochet 5 sewed the slider 9 and the piston-spool 7 connected to it will go down and at the time of the moment when the crank takes a horizontal position (Fig. 7), gas forces, counter movement, stop t spool. Thus, in one horizontal position of the crank (Fig. 7), the gas forces stop the piston-spool 7, and in the other (Fig. 5) they force it to start moving upwards. In the absence of gas forces, the piston-spool 7 and the slider 9 associated with it would be stationary and the crankshaft 10 would rotate the washer 15 in the slider 9.

Claims (1)

Thus, the start and end of the exhaust process is controlled by the working piston 4, the start of the purge (opening of the purge ports 12) is controlled by the piston-spool 7, and the end of the purge and filling is controlled by the sleeve 13. The purge of the working cavities of steps 2 and 3 is obtained with unbalanced gas distribution phases. Claims of the invention A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising at least ,9 15 YU FIG five one stepped cylinder with exhaust blow-out ports, a working piston placed in a step of a larger cylinder diameter and kinematically connected to the crankshaft, and a piston-slide valve placed in a step of a smaller diameter cylinder and equipped with a drive made in the form of a shaft and a connecting rod connected through a slide block with a shaft, ohl and h and u so that, in order to increase efficiency, it is equipped with a sleeve placed in the zone of the blowing windows with the possibility of oscillatory movement, and its control mechanism, made in the form of a tooth ato-rack gear and a slider crank drive piston -zolotnika coupled together rigidly, and the drive shaft is provided with two cylindrical gaskets, conductive vozdeystvuyu- on the slider. on Fig.Z Kolencho N axis, bot v Yu FIG. four d aif Zl928 t 18 13