SU1675602A1 - Planetary gear box - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering. The purpose of the inventions is to facilitate the operation by continuously changing the gear ratio. To move forward, a controlled brake 9 is activated. At the rotational speed of the input shaft 2, less than a certain value, specified by the spring force of the clutch element 12 connecting the wheel 14 to the housing 1, the centrifugal force acting on the weights is balanced by the spring force. The contact of the friction surfaces with the driven disc of the clutch element 12 does not occur, the wheel 14 rotates freely. While the output shaft 3 of the gearbox is fixed. When the input shaft 2 reaches a certain rotational speed, the centrifugal force exceeds the elastic force of the springs and the weights, deviating by a considerable angle, are shifted in the axial direction along the drive screws in the direction of the driven disk. The friction surfaces of the weights interact with the driven disc, which causes the wheel 14 to stop and the output shaft 3 spin up. A further increase in the rotational speed of the shaft 2 causes the clutch element 12 to turn on, which binds the wheel 14c to the carrier 15.

Description

This invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used as a vehicle gearbox.

The purpose of the invention is to facilitate the operation by continuously changing the gear ratio.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of the gearbox with four planetary rows; in fig. 2 — node I in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - oazo & A-A in FIG. 2,

The front gear box contains a housing I, an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3, four planetary rows, the first three of which include a central wheel with external teeth, a central wheel with internal teeth and a carrier with satellites, and the last planetary series includes two central Wheels 4 and 5 with external mm teeth, the number of teeth of wheel 5 is greater than the number of teeth of wheel 4, central to peso 6 with internal teeth, and drove 7 with twin crown satellites 8, two controls brakes 9, 10, clutches 11 Free running, the number of which is equal to the number of planetary p - rows, the number of engaging elements 12, which is one more than the number of planetary rows.

The central wheel 13 with the outer teeth of the first ea is connected with the input shaft 2, the central wheel 14 with the internal teeth of the first row is connected via the freewheel 11 and the coupling element 12 to the housing 1 and through the coupling element 12 to the carrier 15 the first row, also connected with the central wheel 16 with the outer teeth of the second row. The central wheel 17 with internal teeth of the second row is connected by means of a one-way clutch 11 with the housing 1 and by means of coupling elements 12 - with water than the second 18 rows connected with the central wheel 19 with the external teeth of the third row, the central wheel 20 is connected with internal teeth by means of a freewheel 11 with body 1 and by means of a coupling element 12 with a carrier 21 of the third row connected with a central wheel 4 of the fourth row. The central wheel 6 is connected by a freewheel 11 with a first controlled brake 9 and by means of a coupling element 12 with a carrier 7 of the fourth row, also connected with an output shaft 3, and a second central wheel 5 with outer teeth is connected with a second controlled brake 10.

Freewheel couplings 11 are mounted in such a way that they prevent the rotation of the central wheels 6, (14, 17, 20 with internal teeth in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the central wheels 4, 13, 16, 19 with the external teeth, respectively. Each of the elements 12 clutch is made 5 as leading 22 and slave 23 disks, driving screws 24, axially rigidly mounted on the periphery of the driving disk 22, eccentrically mounted on the driving screws 24 weights 25, the center of mass of each of which is offset to the axis of the disks 22. 23, on the side surface Tire facing the slave disk 23, each of which has a friction surface 26 for interacting with the slave disk 23, m springs 27 installed in the circumferential direction between the weights 1/25 and the drive disk 22, which are prearranged for a given force.

Transmission works as follows.

For the forward movement, a controlled brake 9 is turned on. The rotation of the input shaft 2 is transmitted to the central wheel 13 of the first row. The central wheel 14 together with the driving disc 22 of the clutch member 12

rotates. Before the input shaft reaches a certain rotational speed of the centrifugal force 45, the deflection weights 25 are balanced by the elastic force of the springs 27, as a result of which the friction surfaces 26 of the weights do not contact the driven disk 23, i.e. the engagement element 12 connecting the central wheel 14 to the housing is turned off. There is no support for the moment in the first planetary row, as a result of which the output shaft 3 of the box is fixed. 55

With an increase in the rotational speed of the input shaft 2, the centrifugal force, the deflecting weights 25 of the clutch element 12 connecting the central wheel 14c with the housing 1 exceeds the elastic force of the springs 27, the weights 25 are displaced along the guide screws 24 in the direction of the driven disks 23, the friction surfaces 26 they begin to interact with the slave disk 23. The central wheel 14 begins to brake, and the carrier 15 is unwound. The rotation from the carrier 15 is transmitted through the central wheel 16, the carrier 18, the central wheel 19, the carrier 21, the central wheel 4 on the carrier 7 connected to the output shaft 10, which also begins to rotate.

The gear ratio of the gearbox changes from 0 to

+5

, (1 + 2H) (1 + iH) (l + M) (1

4213 16Z19 v

wherez 14,13,17,16,20.19, 6,4-number of teeth of the corresponding central wheel.

When the input shaft 2 reaches a certain rotational speed, the clutch element 12 connecting the central wheel 14 with the housing is fully engaged, the central wheel 14 stops. In addition, the clutch member 12 is also partially included, connecting the carrier 15 to the central wheel 14.

By stopping the central casing 14, the centrifugal force acting on the weights 25 of the clutch member 12, which binds the wheel 14 to the casing 1, disappears and the wheel 14 is released for rotation. Due to the partial engagement of the clutch element 12 connecting the wheel 14 with the planet carrier 15, the wheel 14 begins to rotate in the same direction as the carrier 15. The gear ratio of the box changes with increasing rotational speed of the input shaft 2

1 to

about + Ј) .3

1 (1 + -) (1 + -) (1 + -)

vZ16 VZ19 / V24

when the clutch element is fully engaged, linking the wheel 14 and the carrier 18, blocking the first planetary row.

With a further increase in the rotational speed of the input shaft 2, the clutch member 12 is also gradually connected, connecting the wheel 17c by the carrier 18.

In this case, the gear ratio of the transmission varies from

, and) m + "0) (1 +")

v e VTA

Z16

Z19

Z4

BEFORE

I (1 +) (1 +)

 zig v TA

5 10

15

20 25

30 35 40

with full engagement of the above clutch member 12.

A further increase in the rotational frequency leads to the fact that, together with the blocked first and second rows, the third planetary row begins to be blocked with the help of clutch element 12 connecting the wheel 17c by the runner 18. In this case, the gear ratio changes from

1 (1 +) (1 +) toH (1 + -)

vZ19 VZ4 VZ4

An even greater increase in the rotational speed of the input shaft 2 leads to the fact that the fourth planetary row also begins to be blocked by the clutch member 12 connecting the wheel 20 with the planet carrier 21.

The gear ratio of the gearbox changes from i (1 -f -6-) to 1,

Thus, the full range of change of the gear ratio of the box is 0 I 1.

If it is necessary to move backwards (to obtain negative gear ratios), the controlled brake 9 is switched off, and the second controlled brake 10 is switched on. In this case, the gear ratio of the last planetary p

R) . Z5

where ZE and - respectively, the number of teeth of the crowns dvuhventsovogo satellite, a.

The process of changing the gear ratio is the same as described, and the full range of gear ratio is equal to

About 1.

Thus, the gearbox carries out stepless adjustment of the frequency of rotation of the output shaft in a wide

14 1 -:

0

range from 0 to n inBx, where pvc is the rotational speed of the input shaft 2. When the rotational speed of the input shaft 2 is changed, the rotational speed of the engine shaft used in conjunction with this gearbox changes.

The gearbox eliminates the need for a clutch in the composition of the transmission, and also allows you to refuse to change gears manually, except when changing the direction of rotation of the output shaft 3, which greatly simplifies the operation of the gearbox.

Claims (2)

Claim 1. Planetary gearbox, comprising a housing, input and output shafts, at least three series-connected planetary rows, including the first — central wheels with outer and inner teeth and drove with satellites — associated with a central wheel with outer teeth. the next row is yes, and the last one is a central wheel with internal teeth, two central wheels with external teeth, the number of teeth of the second is greater than the number of teeth of the first, and a carrier with two-wheel satellites, and two controlled brakes ; characterized in that, in order to facilitate operation, the box is equipped with one-way clutches, the number of which is equal to the number of planetary rows, and coupling elements, the number of which is one more than the number of planetary rows, the central wheel with outer teeth 0 five 0 five 0 five the first row is connected with the input shaft, the central wheel with internal teeth of each middle row is connected with the carrier of the same row by means of the clutch element and the housing through the one-way clutch, the central wheel with internal teeth of the first row is connected with the body through the overrunning clutch and the clutch element and with the planet carrier via another clutch element, the central wheel with the inner teeth of the last row is connected via the overrunning clutch to the first controlled brake and through the el The clutch is connected with the carrier of the last row, the latter is connected with the output shaft, and the second central wheel with the outer teeth of the last row is connected with the second controlled brake. 2. Transmission according to claim 1, so that each coupling element is made in the form of master and slave disks, spindle screws fixed axially on the periphery of the master disk, eccentrically mounted on the weights of the screws, the center of mass of each of which is displaced to the axis of the discs and having a friction surface on the side surface facing the slave disk for interacting with the latter, and springs tared to a predetermined force and installed in the circumferential direction between the weights and leading im disk. 25 Compiled by I. Bonev Tehred M. Morgental And Rig. 2 Editor A. Motyl Order 2989 Circulation 373 Subscription VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, 4/5 Raushsk nab. Fig.Z Proofreader V. Girn to / Aa ( Fig.Z Proofreader V. Girn to